CAUSES: On the role of surface energy budget errors to the warm surface air temperature error over the Central U.S.

Publication Date:
2018-02-28
Publisher:
Wiley-Blackwell
Print ISSN:
0148-0227
Topics:
Geosciences
Physics
Published by:
http://www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell
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autor H.-Y. Ma, S. A. Klein, S. Xie, C. Zhang, S. Tang, Q. Tang, C. J. Morcrette, K. Van Weverberg, J. Petch, M. Ahlgrimm, L. K. Berg, F. Cheruy, J. Cole, R. Forbes, W. I. Gustafson, M. Huang, Y. Liu, W. Merryfield, Y. Qian, R. Roehrig, Y.-C. Wang
beschreibung Many weather forecast and climate models simulate warm surface air temperature (T 2m ) biases over mid-latitude continents during the summertime, especially over the Great Plains. We present here one of a series of papers from a multi-model intercomparison project (CAUSES: Cloud Above the United States and Errors at the Surface), which aims to evaluate the role of cloud, radiation, and precipitation biases in contributing to the T 2m bias using a short-term hindcast approach during the spring and summer of 2011. Observations are mainly from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) sites. The present study examines the contributions of surface energy budget errors. All participating models simulate too much net shortwave and longwave fluxes at the surface but with no consistent mean bias sign in turbulent fluxes over the Central U.S. and SGP. Nevertheless, biases in the net shortwave and downward longwave fluxes, as well as surface evaporative fraction (EF) are contributors to T 2m bias. Radiation biases are largely affected by cloud simulations, while EF bias is largely affected by soil moisture modulated by seasonal accumulated precipitation and evaporation. An approximate equation based upon the surface energy budget is derived to further quantify the magnitudes of radiation and EF contributions to T 2m bias. Our analysis ascribes that a large EF underestimate is the dominant source of error in all models with a large positive temperature bias, whereas an EF overestimate compensates for an excess of absorbed shortwave radiation in nearly all the models with the smallest temperature bias.
citation_standardnr 6177285
datenlieferant ipn_articles
feed_copyright American Geophysical Union (AGU)
feed_copyright_url http://www.agu.org/
feed_id 7528
feed_publisher Wiley-Blackwell
feed_publisher_url http://www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell
insertion_date 2018-02-28
journalissn 0148-0227
publikationsjahr_anzeige 2018
publikationsjahr_facette 2018
publikationsjahr_intervall 7984:2015-2019
publikationsjahr_sort 2018
publisher Wiley-Blackwell
quelle Journal of Geophysical Research JGR - Atmospheres
relation http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1002%2F2017JD027194
search_space articles
shingle_author_1 H.-Y. Ma, S. A. Klein, S. Xie, C. Zhang, S. Tang, Q. Tang, C. J. Morcrette, K. Van Weverberg, J. Petch, M. Ahlgrimm, L. K. Berg, F. Cheruy, J. Cole, R. Forbes, W. I. Gustafson, M. Huang, Y. Liu, W. Merryfield, Y. Qian, R. Roehrig, Y.-C. Wang
shingle_author_2 H.-Y. Ma, S. A. Klein, S. Xie, C. Zhang, S. Tang, Q. Tang, C. J. Morcrette, K. Van Weverberg, J. Petch, M. Ahlgrimm, L. K. Berg, F. Cheruy, J. Cole, R. Forbes, W. I. Gustafson, M. Huang, Y. Liu, W. Merryfield, Y. Qian, R. Roehrig, Y.-C. Wang
shingle_author_3 H.-Y. Ma, S. A. Klein, S. Xie, C. Zhang, S. Tang, Q. Tang, C. J. Morcrette, K. Van Weverberg, J. Petch, M. Ahlgrimm, L. K. Berg, F. Cheruy, J. Cole, R. Forbes, W. I. Gustafson, M. Huang, Y. Liu, W. Merryfield, Y. Qian, R. Roehrig, Y.-C. Wang
shingle_author_4 H.-Y. Ma, S. A. Klein, S. Xie, C. Zhang, S. Tang, Q. Tang, C. J. Morcrette, K. Van Weverberg, J. Petch, M. Ahlgrimm, L. K. Berg, F. Cheruy, J. Cole, R. Forbes, W. I. Gustafson, M. Huang, Y. Liu, W. Merryfield, Y. Qian, R. Roehrig, Y.-C. Wang
shingle_catch_all_1 CAUSES: On the role of surface energy budget errors to the warm surface air temperature error over the Central U.S.
Many weather forecast and climate models simulate warm surface air temperature (T 2m ) biases over mid-latitude continents during the summertime, especially over the Great Plains. We present here one of a series of papers from a multi-model intercomparison project (CAUSES: Cloud Above the United States and Errors at the Surface), which aims to evaluate the role of cloud, radiation, and precipitation biases in contributing to the T 2m bias using a short-term hindcast approach during the spring and summer of 2011. Observations are mainly from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) sites. The present study examines the contributions of surface energy budget errors. All participating models simulate too much net shortwave and longwave fluxes at the surface but with no consistent mean bias sign in turbulent fluxes over the Central U.S. and SGP. Nevertheless, biases in the net shortwave and downward longwave fluxes, as well as surface evaporative fraction (EF) are contributors to T 2m bias. Radiation biases are largely affected by cloud simulations, while EF bias is largely affected by soil moisture modulated by seasonal accumulated precipitation and evaporation. An approximate equation based upon the surface energy budget is derived to further quantify the magnitudes of radiation and EF contributions to T 2m bias. Our analysis ascribes that a large EF underestimate is the dominant source of error in all models with a large positive temperature bias, whereas an EF overestimate compensates for an excess of absorbed shortwave radiation in nearly all the models with the smallest temperature bias.
H.-Y. Ma, S. A. Klein, S. Xie, C. Zhang, S. Tang, Q. Tang, C. J. Morcrette, K. Van Weverberg, J. Petch, M. Ahlgrimm, L. K. Berg, F. Cheruy, J. Cole, R. Forbes, W. I. Gustafson, M. Huang, Y. Liu, W. Merryfield, Y. Qian, R. Roehrig, Y.-C. Wang
Wiley-Blackwell
0148-0227
01480227
shingle_catch_all_2 CAUSES: On the role of surface energy budget errors to the warm surface air temperature error over the Central U.S.
Many weather forecast and climate models simulate warm surface air temperature (T 2m ) biases over mid-latitude continents during the summertime, especially over the Great Plains. We present here one of a series of papers from a multi-model intercomparison project (CAUSES: Cloud Above the United States and Errors at the Surface), which aims to evaluate the role of cloud, radiation, and precipitation biases in contributing to the T 2m bias using a short-term hindcast approach during the spring and summer of 2011. Observations are mainly from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) sites. The present study examines the contributions of surface energy budget errors. All participating models simulate too much net shortwave and longwave fluxes at the surface but with no consistent mean bias sign in turbulent fluxes over the Central U.S. and SGP. Nevertheless, biases in the net shortwave and downward longwave fluxes, as well as surface evaporative fraction (EF) are contributors to T 2m bias. Radiation biases are largely affected by cloud simulations, while EF bias is largely affected by soil moisture modulated by seasonal accumulated precipitation and evaporation. An approximate equation based upon the surface energy budget is derived to further quantify the magnitudes of radiation and EF contributions to T 2m bias. Our analysis ascribes that a large EF underestimate is the dominant source of error in all models with a large positive temperature bias, whereas an EF overestimate compensates for an excess of absorbed shortwave radiation in nearly all the models with the smallest temperature bias.
H.-Y. Ma, S. A. Klein, S. Xie, C. Zhang, S. Tang, Q. Tang, C. J. Morcrette, K. Van Weverberg, J. Petch, M. Ahlgrimm, L. K. Berg, F. Cheruy, J. Cole, R. Forbes, W. I. Gustafson, M. Huang, Y. Liu, W. Merryfield, Y. Qian, R. Roehrig, Y.-C. Wang
Wiley-Blackwell
0148-0227
01480227
shingle_catch_all_3 CAUSES: On the role of surface energy budget errors to the warm surface air temperature error over the Central U.S.
Many weather forecast and climate models simulate warm surface air temperature (T 2m ) biases over mid-latitude continents during the summertime, especially over the Great Plains. We present here one of a series of papers from a multi-model intercomparison project (CAUSES: Cloud Above the United States and Errors at the Surface), which aims to evaluate the role of cloud, radiation, and precipitation biases in contributing to the T 2m bias using a short-term hindcast approach during the spring and summer of 2011. Observations are mainly from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) sites. The present study examines the contributions of surface energy budget errors. All participating models simulate too much net shortwave and longwave fluxes at the surface but with no consistent mean bias sign in turbulent fluxes over the Central U.S. and SGP. Nevertheless, biases in the net shortwave and downward longwave fluxes, as well as surface evaporative fraction (EF) are contributors to T 2m bias. Radiation biases are largely affected by cloud simulations, while EF bias is largely affected by soil moisture modulated by seasonal accumulated precipitation and evaporation. An approximate equation based upon the surface energy budget is derived to further quantify the magnitudes of radiation and EF contributions to T 2m bias. Our analysis ascribes that a large EF underestimate is the dominant source of error in all models with a large positive temperature bias, whereas an EF overestimate compensates for an excess of absorbed shortwave radiation in nearly all the models with the smallest temperature bias.
H.-Y. Ma, S. A. Klein, S. Xie, C. Zhang, S. Tang, Q. Tang, C. J. Morcrette, K. Van Weverberg, J. Petch, M. Ahlgrimm, L. K. Berg, F. Cheruy, J. Cole, R. Forbes, W. I. Gustafson, M. Huang, Y. Liu, W. Merryfield, Y. Qian, R. Roehrig, Y.-C. Wang
Wiley-Blackwell
0148-0227
01480227
shingle_catch_all_4 CAUSES: On the role of surface energy budget errors to the warm surface air temperature error over the Central U.S.
Many weather forecast and climate models simulate warm surface air temperature (T 2m ) biases over mid-latitude continents during the summertime, especially over the Great Plains. We present here one of a series of papers from a multi-model intercomparison project (CAUSES: Cloud Above the United States and Errors at the Surface), which aims to evaluate the role of cloud, radiation, and precipitation biases in contributing to the T 2m bias using a short-term hindcast approach during the spring and summer of 2011. Observations are mainly from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) sites. The present study examines the contributions of surface energy budget errors. All participating models simulate too much net shortwave and longwave fluxes at the surface but with no consistent mean bias sign in turbulent fluxes over the Central U.S. and SGP. Nevertheless, biases in the net shortwave and downward longwave fluxes, as well as surface evaporative fraction (EF) are contributors to T 2m bias. Radiation biases are largely affected by cloud simulations, while EF bias is largely affected by soil moisture modulated by seasonal accumulated precipitation and evaporation. An approximate equation based upon the surface energy budget is derived to further quantify the magnitudes of radiation and EF contributions to T 2m bias. Our analysis ascribes that a large EF underestimate is the dominant source of error in all models with a large positive temperature bias, whereas an EF overestimate compensates for an excess of absorbed shortwave radiation in nearly all the models with the smallest temperature bias.
H.-Y. Ma, S. A. Klein, S. Xie, C. Zhang, S. Tang, Q. Tang, C. J. Morcrette, K. Van Weverberg, J. Petch, M. Ahlgrimm, L. K. Berg, F. Cheruy, J. Cole, R. Forbes, W. I. Gustafson, M. Huang, Y. Liu, W. Merryfield, Y. Qian, R. Roehrig, Y.-C. Wang
Wiley-Blackwell
0148-0227
01480227
shingle_title_1 CAUSES: On the role of surface energy budget errors to the warm surface air temperature error over the Central U.S.
shingle_title_2 CAUSES: On the role of surface energy budget errors to the warm surface air temperature error over the Central U.S.
shingle_title_3 CAUSES: On the role of surface energy budget errors to the warm surface air temperature error over the Central U.S.
shingle_title_4 CAUSES: On the role of surface energy budget errors to the warm surface air temperature error over the Central U.S.
timestamp 2025-06-30T23:33:02.656Z
titel CAUSES: On the role of surface energy budget errors to the warm surface air temperature error over the Central U.S.
titel_suche CAUSES: On the role of surface energy budget errors to the warm surface air temperature error over the Central U.S.
topic TE-TZ
U
uid ipn_articles_6177285