Endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein 57 (ERp57) oxidatively inactivates human transglutaminase 2 [Enzymology]
Michael C. Yi, Arek V. Melkonian, James A. Ousey, Chaitan Khosla
The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
Published 2018
The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
Published 2018
| Publication Date: |
2018-02-24
|
|---|---|
| Publisher: |
The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
|
| Print ISSN: |
0021-9258
|
| Electronic ISSN: |
1083-351X
|
| Topics: |
Biology
Chemistry and Pharmacology
|
| Published by: |
| _version_ | 1836398810402652161 |
|---|---|
| autor | Michael C. Yi, Arek V. Melkonian, James A. Ousey, Chaitan Khosla |
| beschreibung | Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a ubiquitously expressed, intracellular as well as extracellular protein with multiple modes of post-translational regulation, including an allosteric disulfide bond between Cys-370–Cys-371 that renders the enzyme inactive in the extracellular matrix. Although recent studies have established that extracellular TG2 is switched “on” by the redox cofactor protein thioredoxin-1 (TRX), it is unclear how TG2 is switched “off.” Here, we demonstrate that TG2 oxidation by small-molecule biological oxidants, including glutathione, cystine, and hydrogen peroxide, is unlikely to be the inactivation mechanism. Instead, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–resident protein 57 (ERp57), a protein in the ER that promotes folding of nascent proteins and is also present in the extracellular environment, has the cellular and biochemical characteristics for inactivating TG2. We found that ERp57 colocalizes with extracellular TG2 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). ERp57 oxidized TG2 with a rate constant that was 400–2000-fold higher than those of the aforementioned small molecule oxidants. Moreover, its specificity for TG2 was also markedly higher than those of other secreted redox proteins, including protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERp72, TRX, and quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1). Lastly, siRNA-mediated ERp57 knockdown in HUVECs increased TG2-catalyzed transamidation in the extracellular environment. We conclude that, to the best of our knowledge, the disulfide bond switch in human TG2 represents the first example of a post-translational redox regulatory mechanism that is reversibly and allosterically modulated by two distinct proteins (ERp57 and TRX). |
| citation_standardnr | 6174164 |
| datenlieferant | ipn_articles |
| feed_id | 43 |
| feed_publisher | The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) |
| feed_publisher_url | http://www.asbmb.org/ |
| insertion_date | 2018-02-24 |
| journaleissn | 1083-351X |
| journalissn | 0021-9258 |
| publikationsjahr_anzeige | 2018 |
| publikationsjahr_facette | 2018 |
| publikationsjahr_intervall | 7984:2015-2019 |
| publikationsjahr_sort | 2018 |
| publisher | The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) |
| quelle | Journal of Biological Chemistry |
| relation | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/jbc/SUcv/~3/rn2ULz9zNfk/2640.short |
| search_space | articles |
| shingle_author_1 | Michael C. Yi, Arek V. Melkonian, James A. Ousey, Chaitan Khosla |
| shingle_author_2 | Michael C. Yi, Arek V. Melkonian, James A. Ousey, Chaitan Khosla |
| shingle_author_3 | Michael C. Yi, Arek V. Melkonian, James A. Ousey, Chaitan Khosla |
| shingle_author_4 | Michael C. Yi, Arek V. Melkonian, James A. Ousey, Chaitan Khosla |
| shingle_catch_all_1 | Endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein 57 (ERp57) oxidatively inactivates human transglutaminase 2 [Enzymology] Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a ubiquitously expressed, intracellular as well as extracellular protein with multiple modes of post-translational regulation, including an allosteric disulfide bond between Cys-370–Cys-371 that renders the enzyme inactive in the extracellular matrix. Although recent studies have established that extracellular TG2 is switched “on” by the redox cofactor protein thioredoxin-1 (TRX), it is unclear how TG2 is switched “off.” Here, we demonstrate that TG2 oxidation by small-molecule biological oxidants, including glutathione, cystine, and hydrogen peroxide, is unlikely to be the inactivation mechanism. Instead, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–resident protein 57 (ERp57), a protein in the ER that promotes folding of nascent proteins and is also present in the extracellular environment, has the cellular and biochemical characteristics for inactivating TG2. We found that ERp57 colocalizes with extracellular TG2 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). ERp57 oxidized TG2 with a rate constant that was 400–2000-fold higher than those of the aforementioned small molecule oxidants. Moreover, its specificity for TG2 was also markedly higher than those of other secreted redox proteins, including protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERp72, TRX, and quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1). Lastly, siRNA-mediated ERp57 knockdown in HUVECs increased TG2-catalyzed transamidation in the extracellular environment. We conclude that, to the best of our knowledge, the disulfide bond switch in human TG2 represents the first example of a post-translational redox regulatory mechanism that is reversibly and allosterically modulated by two distinct proteins (ERp57 and TRX). Michael C. Yi, Arek V. Melkonian, James A. Ousey, Chaitan Khosla The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) 0021-9258 00219258 1083-351X 1083351X |
| shingle_catch_all_2 | Endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein 57 (ERp57) oxidatively inactivates human transglutaminase 2 [Enzymology] Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a ubiquitously expressed, intracellular as well as extracellular protein with multiple modes of post-translational regulation, including an allosteric disulfide bond between Cys-370–Cys-371 that renders the enzyme inactive in the extracellular matrix. Although recent studies have established that extracellular TG2 is switched “on” by the redox cofactor protein thioredoxin-1 (TRX), it is unclear how TG2 is switched “off.” Here, we demonstrate that TG2 oxidation by small-molecule biological oxidants, including glutathione, cystine, and hydrogen peroxide, is unlikely to be the inactivation mechanism. Instead, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–resident protein 57 (ERp57), a protein in the ER that promotes folding of nascent proteins and is also present in the extracellular environment, has the cellular and biochemical characteristics for inactivating TG2. We found that ERp57 colocalizes with extracellular TG2 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). ERp57 oxidized TG2 with a rate constant that was 400–2000-fold higher than those of the aforementioned small molecule oxidants. Moreover, its specificity for TG2 was also markedly higher than those of other secreted redox proteins, including protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERp72, TRX, and quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1). Lastly, siRNA-mediated ERp57 knockdown in HUVECs increased TG2-catalyzed transamidation in the extracellular environment. We conclude that, to the best of our knowledge, the disulfide bond switch in human TG2 represents the first example of a post-translational redox regulatory mechanism that is reversibly and allosterically modulated by two distinct proteins (ERp57 and TRX). Michael C. Yi, Arek V. Melkonian, James A. Ousey, Chaitan Khosla The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) 0021-9258 00219258 1083-351X 1083351X |
| shingle_catch_all_3 | Endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein 57 (ERp57) oxidatively inactivates human transglutaminase 2 [Enzymology] Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a ubiquitously expressed, intracellular as well as extracellular protein with multiple modes of post-translational regulation, including an allosteric disulfide bond between Cys-370–Cys-371 that renders the enzyme inactive in the extracellular matrix. Although recent studies have established that extracellular TG2 is switched “on” by the redox cofactor protein thioredoxin-1 (TRX), it is unclear how TG2 is switched “off.” Here, we demonstrate that TG2 oxidation by small-molecule biological oxidants, including glutathione, cystine, and hydrogen peroxide, is unlikely to be the inactivation mechanism. Instead, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–resident protein 57 (ERp57), a protein in the ER that promotes folding of nascent proteins and is also present in the extracellular environment, has the cellular and biochemical characteristics for inactivating TG2. We found that ERp57 colocalizes with extracellular TG2 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). ERp57 oxidized TG2 with a rate constant that was 400–2000-fold higher than those of the aforementioned small molecule oxidants. Moreover, its specificity for TG2 was also markedly higher than those of other secreted redox proteins, including protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERp72, TRX, and quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1). Lastly, siRNA-mediated ERp57 knockdown in HUVECs increased TG2-catalyzed transamidation in the extracellular environment. We conclude that, to the best of our knowledge, the disulfide bond switch in human TG2 represents the first example of a post-translational redox regulatory mechanism that is reversibly and allosterically modulated by two distinct proteins (ERp57 and TRX). Michael C. Yi, Arek V. Melkonian, James A. Ousey, Chaitan Khosla The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) 0021-9258 00219258 1083-351X 1083351X |
| shingle_catch_all_4 | Endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein 57 (ERp57) oxidatively inactivates human transglutaminase 2 [Enzymology] Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a ubiquitously expressed, intracellular as well as extracellular protein with multiple modes of post-translational regulation, including an allosteric disulfide bond between Cys-370–Cys-371 that renders the enzyme inactive in the extracellular matrix. Although recent studies have established that extracellular TG2 is switched “on” by the redox cofactor protein thioredoxin-1 (TRX), it is unclear how TG2 is switched “off.” Here, we demonstrate that TG2 oxidation by small-molecule biological oxidants, including glutathione, cystine, and hydrogen peroxide, is unlikely to be the inactivation mechanism. Instead, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–resident protein 57 (ERp57), a protein in the ER that promotes folding of nascent proteins and is also present in the extracellular environment, has the cellular and biochemical characteristics for inactivating TG2. We found that ERp57 colocalizes with extracellular TG2 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). ERp57 oxidized TG2 with a rate constant that was 400–2000-fold higher than those of the aforementioned small molecule oxidants. Moreover, its specificity for TG2 was also markedly higher than those of other secreted redox proteins, including protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERp72, TRX, and quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1). Lastly, siRNA-mediated ERp57 knockdown in HUVECs increased TG2-catalyzed transamidation in the extracellular environment. We conclude that, to the best of our knowledge, the disulfide bond switch in human TG2 represents the first example of a post-translational redox regulatory mechanism that is reversibly and allosterically modulated by two distinct proteins (ERp57 and TRX). Michael C. Yi, Arek V. Melkonian, James A. Ousey, Chaitan Khosla The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) 0021-9258 00219258 1083-351X 1083351X |
| shingle_title_1 | Endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein 57 (ERp57) oxidatively inactivates human transglutaminase 2 [Enzymology] |
| shingle_title_2 | Endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein 57 (ERp57) oxidatively inactivates human transglutaminase 2 [Enzymology] |
| shingle_title_3 | Endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein 57 (ERp57) oxidatively inactivates human transglutaminase 2 [Enzymology] |
| shingle_title_4 | Endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein 57 (ERp57) oxidatively inactivates human transglutaminase 2 [Enzymology] |
| timestamp | 2025-06-30T23:33:00.026Z |
| titel | Endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein 57 (ERp57) oxidatively inactivates human transglutaminase 2 [Enzymology] |
| titel_suche | Endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein 57 (ERp57) oxidatively inactivates human transglutaminase 2 [Enzymology] |
| topic | W V |
| uid | ipn_articles_6174164 |