The evolution and anatomy of the horse manus with an emphasis on digit reduction

Publication Date:
2018-01-25
Publisher:
Royal Society
Electronic ISSN:
2054-5703
Topics:
Natural Sciences in General
Keywords:
palaeontology
Published by:
http://royalsocietypublishing.org/
_version_ 1836398762696638464
autor Solounias, N., Danowitz, M., Stachtiaris, E., Khurana, A., Araim, M., Sayegh, M., Natale, J.
beschreibung We revisit digit reduction in the horse and propose that all five digits are partially present in the modern adult forelimb. Osteological descriptions of selected tetradactyl, tridactyl and monodactyl equids demonstrate the evolution of the forelimb. Histological, osteological and palaeontological evidence suggest that the Equus distal forelimb is more complex than traditionally conceived. The current understanding is that the horse distal forelimb consists of one complete digit (III) and two reduced splint metacarpals (II and IV). Metacarpals II and IV each exhibit a ventral ridge, which we suggest represents the undifferentiated digits I and V. These ridges are present in the tridactyl Mesohippus , but are absent in the tetradactyl Hyracotherium. The carpal articulations of the five metacarpals match those of pentadactyl taxa. Distally, the frog, a V-shaped structure on the ventral hoof represents digits II and IV, and the wings and hoof cartilages of the distal phalanx are digits I and V. We relate this revised interpretation of the Equus forelimb to Laetoli footprints, and suggest the Hipparion side impressions are created from the hooves of I and V, rather than from II and IV. We show shades of pentadactyly within the Equus manus.
citation_standardnr 6146064
datenlieferant ipn_articles
feed_id 220702
feed_publisher Royal Society
feed_publisher_url http://royalsocietypublishing.org/
insertion_date 2018-01-25
journaleissn 2054-5703
publikationsjahr_anzeige 2018
publikationsjahr_facette 2018
publikationsjahr_intervall 7984:2015-2019
publikationsjahr_sort 2018
publisher Royal Society
quelle Royal Society Open Science
relation http://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/content/short/5/1/171782?rss=1
schlagwort palaeontology
search_space articles
shingle_author_1 Solounias, N., Danowitz, M., Stachtiaris, E., Khurana, A., Araim, M., Sayegh, M., Natale, J.
shingle_author_2 Solounias, N., Danowitz, M., Stachtiaris, E., Khurana, A., Araim, M., Sayegh, M., Natale, J.
shingle_author_3 Solounias, N., Danowitz, M., Stachtiaris, E., Khurana, A., Araim, M., Sayegh, M., Natale, J.
shingle_author_4 Solounias, N., Danowitz, M., Stachtiaris, E., Khurana, A., Araim, M., Sayegh, M., Natale, J.
shingle_catch_all_1 The evolution and anatomy of the horse manus with an emphasis on digit reduction
palaeontology
We revisit digit reduction in the horse and propose that all five digits are partially present in the modern adult forelimb. Osteological descriptions of selected tetradactyl, tridactyl and monodactyl equids demonstrate the evolution of the forelimb. Histological, osteological and palaeontological evidence suggest that the Equus distal forelimb is more complex than traditionally conceived. The current understanding is that the horse distal forelimb consists of one complete digit (III) and two reduced splint metacarpals (II and IV). Metacarpals II and IV each exhibit a ventral ridge, which we suggest represents the undifferentiated digits I and V. These ridges are present in the tridactyl Mesohippus , but are absent in the tetradactyl Hyracotherium. The carpal articulations of the five metacarpals match those of pentadactyl taxa. Distally, the frog, a V-shaped structure on the ventral hoof represents digits II and IV, and the wings and hoof cartilages of the distal phalanx are digits I and V. We relate this revised interpretation of the Equus forelimb to Laetoli footprints, and suggest the Hipparion side impressions are created from the hooves of I and V, rather than from II and IV. We show shades of pentadactyly within the Equus manus.
Solounias, N., Danowitz, M., Stachtiaris, E., Khurana, A., Araim, M., Sayegh, M., Natale, J.
Royal Society
2054-5703
20545703
shingle_catch_all_2 The evolution and anatomy of the horse manus with an emphasis on digit reduction
palaeontology
We revisit digit reduction in the horse and propose that all five digits are partially present in the modern adult forelimb. Osteological descriptions of selected tetradactyl, tridactyl and monodactyl equids demonstrate the evolution of the forelimb. Histological, osteological and palaeontological evidence suggest that the Equus distal forelimb is more complex than traditionally conceived. The current understanding is that the horse distal forelimb consists of one complete digit (III) and two reduced splint metacarpals (II and IV). Metacarpals II and IV each exhibit a ventral ridge, which we suggest represents the undifferentiated digits I and V. These ridges are present in the tridactyl Mesohippus , but are absent in the tetradactyl Hyracotherium. The carpal articulations of the five metacarpals match those of pentadactyl taxa. Distally, the frog, a V-shaped structure on the ventral hoof represents digits II and IV, and the wings and hoof cartilages of the distal phalanx are digits I and V. We relate this revised interpretation of the Equus forelimb to Laetoli footprints, and suggest the Hipparion side impressions are created from the hooves of I and V, rather than from II and IV. We show shades of pentadactyly within the Equus manus.
Solounias, N., Danowitz, M., Stachtiaris, E., Khurana, A., Araim, M., Sayegh, M., Natale, J.
Royal Society
2054-5703
20545703
shingle_catch_all_3 The evolution and anatomy of the horse manus with an emphasis on digit reduction
palaeontology
We revisit digit reduction in the horse and propose that all five digits are partially present in the modern adult forelimb. Osteological descriptions of selected tetradactyl, tridactyl and monodactyl equids demonstrate the evolution of the forelimb. Histological, osteological and palaeontological evidence suggest that the Equus distal forelimb is more complex than traditionally conceived. The current understanding is that the horse distal forelimb consists of one complete digit (III) and two reduced splint metacarpals (II and IV). Metacarpals II and IV each exhibit a ventral ridge, which we suggest represents the undifferentiated digits I and V. These ridges are present in the tridactyl Mesohippus , but are absent in the tetradactyl Hyracotherium. The carpal articulations of the five metacarpals match those of pentadactyl taxa. Distally, the frog, a V-shaped structure on the ventral hoof represents digits II and IV, and the wings and hoof cartilages of the distal phalanx are digits I and V. We relate this revised interpretation of the Equus forelimb to Laetoli footprints, and suggest the Hipparion side impressions are created from the hooves of I and V, rather than from II and IV. We show shades of pentadactyly within the Equus manus.
Solounias, N., Danowitz, M., Stachtiaris, E., Khurana, A., Araim, M., Sayegh, M., Natale, J.
Royal Society
2054-5703
20545703
shingle_catch_all_4 The evolution and anatomy of the horse manus with an emphasis on digit reduction
palaeontology
We revisit digit reduction in the horse and propose that all five digits are partially present in the modern adult forelimb. Osteological descriptions of selected tetradactyl, tridactyl and monodactyl equids demonstrate the evolution of the forelimb. Histological, osteological and palaeontological evidence suggest that the Equus distal forelimb is more complex than traditionally conceived. The current understanding is that the horse distal forelimb consists of one complete digit (III) and two reduced splint metacarpals (II and IV). Metacarpals II and IV each exhibit a ventral ridge, which we suggest represents the undifferentiated digits I and V. These ridges are present in the tridactyl Mesohippus , but are absent in the tetradactyl Hyracotherium. The carpal articulations of the five metacarpals match those of pentadactyl taxa. Distally, the frog, a V-shaped structure on the ventral hoof represents digits II and IV, and the wings and hoof cartilages of the distal phalanx are digits I and V. We relate this revised interpretation of the Equus forelimb to Laetoli footprints, and suggest the Hipparion side impressions are created from the hooves of I and V, rather than from II and IV. We show shades of pentadactyly within the Equus manus.
Solounias, N., Danowitz, M., Stachtiaris, E., Khurana, A., Araim, M., Sayegh, M., Natale, J.
Royal Society
2054-5703
20545703
shingle_title_1 The evolution and anatomy of the horse manus with an emphasis on digit reduction
shingle_title_2 The evolution and anatomy of the horse manus with an emphasis on digit reduction
shingle_title_3 The evolution and anatomy of the horse manus with an emphasis on digit reduction
shingle_title_4 The evolution and anatomy of the horse manus with an emphasis on digit reduction
timestamp 2025-06-30T23:32:14.385Z
titel The evolution and anatomy of the horse manus with an emphasis on digit reduction
titel_suche The evolution and anatomy of the horse manus with an emphasis on digit reduction
topic TA-TD
uid ipn_articles_6146064