Sinorhizobium meliloti Glutathione Reductase Is Required for both Redox Homeostasis and Symbiosis [Plant Microbiology]
Tang, G., Li, N., Liu, Y., Yu, L., Yan, J., Luo, L.
The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
Published 2018
The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
Published 2018
| Publication Date: |
2018-01-18
|
|---|---|
| Publisher: |
The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
|
| Print ISSN: |
0099-2240
|
| Electronic ISSN: |
1098-5336
|
| Topics: |
Biology
|
| Published by: |
| _version_ | 1836398754333196288 |
|---|---|
| autor | Tang, G., Li, N., Liu, Y., Yu, L., Yan, J., Luo, L. |
| beschreibung | Glutathione ( l --glutamyl- l -cysteinylglycine) (GSH), one of the key antioxidants in Sinorhizobium meliloti , is required for the development of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) nitrogen-fixing nodules. Glutathione exists as either reduced glutathione (GSH) or oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and its content is regulated by two pathways in S. meliloti . The first pathway is the de novo synthesis of glutathione from its constituent amino acids, namely, Glu, Cys, and Gly, catalyzed by -glutamylcysteine synthetase (GshA) and glutathione synthetase (GshB). The second pathway is the recycling of GSSG via glutathione reductase (GR). However, whether the S. meliloti GR functions similarly to GshA and GshB1 during symbiotic interactions with alfalfa remains unknown. In this study, a plasmid insertion mutation of the S. meliloti gor gene, which encodes GR, was constructed, and the mutant exhibited delayed alfalfa nodulation, with 75% reduction in nitrogen-fixing capacity. The gor mutant demonstrated increased accumulation of GSSG and a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio in cells. The mutant also showed defective growth in rich broth and minimal broth and was more sensitive to the oxidants H 2 O 2 and sodium nitroprusside. Interestingly, the expression of gshA , gshB1 , katA , and katB was induced in the mutant. These findings reveal that the recycling of glutathione is important for S. meliloti to maintain redox homeostasis and to interact symbiotically with alfalfa. IMPORTANCE The antioxidant glutathione is regulated by its synthetase and reductase in cells. In the symbiotic bacterium S. meliloti , the de novo synthesis of glutathione is essential for alfalfa nodulation and nitrogen fixation. In this study, we observed that the recycling of glutathione from GSSG not only was required for redox homeostasis and oxidative stress protection in S. meliloti cells but also contributed to alfalfa nodule development and competition capacity. Our findings demonstrate that the recycling of glutathione plays a key role in nitrogen fixation symbiosis. |
| citation_standardnr | 6140802 |
| datenlieferant | ipn_articles |
| feed_id | 516 |
| feed_publisher | The American Society for Microbiology (ASM) |
| feed_publisher_url | http://www.asm.org/ |
| insertion_date | 2018-01-18 |
| journaleissn | 1098-5336 |
| journalissn | 0099-2240 |
| publikationsjahr_anzeige | 2018 |
| publikationsjahr_facette | 2018 |
| publikationsjahr_intervall | 7984:2015-2019 |
| publikationsjahr_sort | 2018 |
| publisher | The American Society for Microbiology (ASM) |
| quelle | Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
| relation | http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/short/84/3/e01937-17?rss=1 |
| search_space | articles |
| shingle_author_1 | Tang, G., Li, N., Liu, Y., Yu, L., Yan, J., Luo, L. |
| shingle_author_2 | Tang, G., Li, N., Liu, Y., Yu, L., Yan, J., Luo, L. |
| shingle_author_3 | Tang, G., Li, N., Liu, Y., Yu, L., Yan, J., Luo, L. |
| shingle_author_4 | Tang, G., Li, N., Liu, Y., Yu, L., Yan, J., Luo, L. |
| shingle_catch_all_1 | Sinorhizobium meliloti Glutathione Reductase Is Required for both Redox Homeostasis and Symbiosis [Plant Microbiology] Glutathione ( l --glutamyl- l -cysteinylglycine) (GSH), one of the key antioxidants in Sinorhizobium meliloti , is required for the development of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) nitrogen-fixing nodules. Glutathione exists as either reduced glutathione (GSH) or oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and its content is regulated by two pathways in S. meliloti . The first pathway is the de novo synthesis of glutathione from its constituent amino acids, namely, Glu, Cys, and Gly, catalyzed by -glutamylcysteine synthetase (GshA) and glutathione synthetase (GshB). The second pathway is the recycling of GSSG via glutathione reductase (GR). However, whether the S. meliloti GR functions similarly to GshA and GshB1 during symbiotic interactions with alfalfa remains unknown. In this study, a plasmid insertion mutation of the S. meliloti gor gene, which encodes GR, was constructed, and the mutant exhibited delayed alfalfa nodulation, with 75% reduction in nitrogen-fixing capacity. The gor mutant demonstrated increased accumulation of GSSG and a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio in cells. The mutant also showed defective growth in rich broth and minimal broth and was more sensitive to the oxidants H 2 O 2 and sodium nitroprusside. Interestingly, the expression of gshA , gshB1 , katA , and katB was induced in the mutant. These findings reveal that the recycling of glutathione is important for S. meliloti to maintain redox homeostasis and to interact symbiotically with alfalfa. IMPORTANCE The antioxidant glutathione is regulated by its synthetase and reductase in cells. In the symbiotic bacterium S. meliloti , the de novo synthesis of glutathione is essential for alfalfa nodulation and nitrogen fixation. In this study, we observed that the recycling of glutathione from GSSG not only was required for redox homeostasis and oxidative stress protection in S. meliloti cells but also contributed to alfalfa nodule development and competition capacity. Our findings demonstrate that the recycling of glutathione plays a key role in nitrogen fixation symbiosis. Tang, G., Li, N., Liu, Y., Yu, L., Yan, J., Luo, L. The American Society for Microbiology (ASM) 0099-2240 00992240 1098-5336 10985336 |
| shingle_catch_all_2 | Sinorhizobium meliloti Glutathione Reductase Is Required for both Redox Homeostasis and Symbiosis [Plant Microbiology] Glutathione ( l --glutamyl- l -cysteinylglycine) (GSH), one of the key antioxidants in Sinorhizobium meliloti , is required for the development of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) nitrogen-fixing nodules. Glutathione exists as either reduced glutathione (GSH) or oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and its content is regulated by two pathways in S. meliloti . The first pathway is the de novo synthesis of glutathione from its constituent amino acids, namely, Glu, Cys, and Gly, catalyzed by -glutamylcysteine synthetase (GshA) and glutathione synthetase (GshB). The second pathway is the recycling of GSSG via glutathione reductase (GR). However, whether the S. meliloti GR functions similarly to GshA and GshB1 during symbiotic interactions with alfalfa remains unknown. In this study, a plasmid insertion mutation of the S. meliloti gor gene, which encodes GR, was constructed, and the mutant exhibited delayed alfalfa nodulation, with 75% reduction in nitrogen-fixing capacity. The gor mutant demonstrated increased accumulation of GSSG and a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio in cells. The mutant also showed defective growth in rich broth and minimal broth and was more sensitive to the oxidants H 2 O 2 and sodium nitroprusside. Interestingly, the expression of gshA , gshB1 , katA , and katB was induced in the mutant. These findings reveal that the recycling of glutathione is important for S. meliloti to maintain redox homeostasis and to interact symbiotically with alfalfa. IMPORTANCE The antioxidant glutathione is regulated by its synthetase and reductase in cells. In the symbiotic bacterium S. meliloti , the de novo synthesis of glutathione is essential for alfalfa nodulation and nitrogen fixation. In this study, we observed that the recycling of glutathione from GSSG not only was required for redox homeostasis and oxidative stress protection in S. meliloti cells but also contributed to alfalfa nodule development and competition capacity. Our findings demonstrate that the recycling of glutathione plays a key role in nitrogen fixation symbiosis. Tang, G., Li, N., Liu, Y., Yu, L., Yan, J., Luo, L. The American Society for Microbiology (ASM) 0099-2240 00992240 1098-5336 10985336 |
| shingle_catch_all_3 | Sinorhizobium meliloti Glutathione Reductase Is Required for both Redox Homeostasis and Symbiosis [Plant Microbiology] Glutathione ( l --glutamyl- l -cysteinylglycine) (GSH), one of the key antioxidants in Sinorhizobium meliloti , is required for the development of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) nitrogen-fixing nodules. Glutathione exists as either reduced glutathione (GSH) or oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and its content is regulated by two pathways in S. meliloti . The first pathway is the de novo synthesis of glutathione from its constituent amino acids, namely, Glu, Cys, and Gly, catalyzed by -glutamylcysteine synthetase (GshA) and glutathione synthetase (GshB). The second pathway is the recycling of GSSG via glutathione reductase (GR). However, whether the S. meliloti GR functions similarly to GshA and GshB1 during symbiotic interactions with alfalfa remains unknown. In this study, a plasmid insertion mutation of the S. meliloti gor gene, which encodes GR, was constructed, and the mutant exhibited delayed alfalfa nodulation, with 75% reduction in nitrogen-fixing capacity. The gor mutant demonstrated increased accumulation of GSSG and a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio in cells. The mutant also showed defective growth in rich broth and minimal broth and was more sensitive to the oxidants H 2 O 2 and sodium nitroprusside. Interestingly, the expression of gshA , gshB1 , katA , and katB was induced in the mutant. These findings reveal that the recycling of glutathione is important for S. meliloti to maintain redox homeostasis and to interact symbiotically with alfalfa. IMPORTANCE The antioxidant glutathione is regulated by its synthetase and reductase in cells. In the symbiotic bacterium S. meliloti , the de novo synthesis of glutathione is essential for alfalfa nodulation and nitrogen fixation. In this study, we observed that the recycling of glutathione from GSSG not only was required for redox homeostasis and oxidative stress protection in S. meliloti cells but also contributed to alfalfa nodule development and competition capacity. Our findings demonstrate that the recycling of glutathione plays a key role in nitrogen fixation symbiosis. Tang, G., Li, N., Liu, Y., Yu, L., Yan, J., Luo, L. The American Society for Microbiology (ASM) 0099-2240 00992240 1098-5336 10985336 |
| shingle_catch_all_4 | Sinorhizobium meliloti Glutathione Reductase Is Required for both Redox Homeostasis and Symbiosis [Plant Microbiology] Glutathione ( l --glutamyl- l -cysteinylglycine) (GSH), one of the key antioxidants in Sinorhizobium meliloti , is required for the development of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) nitrogen-fixing nodules. Glutathione exists as either reduced glutathione (GSH) or oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and its content is regulated by two pathways in S. meliloti . The first pathway is the de novo synthesis of glutathione from its constituent amino acids, namely, Glu, Cys, and Gly, catalyzed by -glutamylcysteine synthetase (GshA) and glutathione synthetase (GshB). The second pathway is the recycling of GSSG via glutathione reductase (GR). However, whether the S. meliloti GR functions similarly to GshA and GshB1 during symbiotic interactions with alfalfa remains unknown. In this study, a plasmid insertion mutation of the S. meliloti gor gene, which encodes GR, was constructed, and the mutant exhibited delayed alfalfa nodulation, with 75% reduction in nitrogen-fixing capacity. The gor mutant demonstrated increased accumulation of GSSG and a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio in cells. The mutant also showed defective growth in rich broth and minimal broth and was more sensitive to the oxidants H 2 O 2 and sodium nitroprusside. Interestingly, the expression of gshA , gshB1 , katA , and katB was induced in the mutant. These findings reveal that the recycling of glutathione is important for S. meliloti to maintain redox homeostasis and to interact symbiotically with alfalfa. IMPORTANCE The antioxidant glutathione is regulated by its synthetase and reductase in cells. In the symbiotic bacterium S. meliloti , the de novo synthesis of glutathione is essential for alfalfa nodulation and nitrogen fixation. In this study, we observed that the recycling of glutathione from GSSG not only was required for redox homeostasis and oxidative stress protection in S. meliloti cells but also contributed to alfalfa nodule development and competition capacity. Our findings demonstrate that the recycling of glutathione plays a key role in nitrogen fixation symbiosis. Tang, G., Li, N., Liu, Y., Yu, L., Yan, J., Luo, L. The American Society for Microbiology (ASM) 0099-2240 00992240 1098-5336 10985336 |
| shingle_title_1 | Sinorhizobium meliloti Glutathione Reductase Is Required for both Redox Homeostasis and Symbiosis [Plant Microbiology] |
| shingle_title_2 | Sinorhizobium meliloti Glutathione Reductase Is Required for both Redox Homeostasis and Symbiosis [Plant Microbiology] |
| shingle_title_3 | Sinorhizobium meliloti Glutathione Reductase Is Required for both Redox Homeostasis and Symbiosis [Plant Microbiology] |
| shingle_title_4 | Sinorhizobium meliloti Glutathione Reductase Is Required for both Redox Homeostasis and Symbiosis [Plant Microbiology] |
| timestamp | 2025-06-30T23:32:05.329Z |
| titel | Sinorhizobium meliloti Glutathione Reductase Is Required for both Redox Homeostasis and Symbiosis [Plant Microbiology] |
| titel_suche | Sinorhizobium meliloti Glutathione Reductase Is Required for both Redox Homeostasis and Symbiosis [Plant Microbiology] |
| topic | W |
| uid | ipn_articles_6140802 |