Search Results - International Ophthalmology

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  1. 41
    Staff View Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2021-10-20
    Description:
    Background: Cross-country comparisons of health system performance have become increasingly important. Clear evidence is needed on the prioritization of health system performance assessment (HSPA) indicators. Selected "leading" or "headline" HSPA indicators may provide early warnings of policy impacts. The goal of this paper is to propose a set of headline indicators to frame and describe health system performance. Methods: We identified overlaps and gaps in the availability of reported indicators by looking at HSPA initiatives in Member States (MSs) of the European Union (EU), the European Commission as well as international institutions (e.g. OECD, WHO-EUR). On that basis, we conducted a two-stage online survey, the european Health System_Indicator (euHS_I) survey. The survey sought to elicit preferences from a wide range of HSPA experts on i) the most relevant HSPA domain(s), i.e. access, efficiency, quality of care, equity, for a specific indicator, and ii) the importance of indicators regarding their information content, i.e. headline, operational, explanatory. Frequency analysis was performed. Results: We identified 2168 health and health system indicators listed in 43 relevant initiatives. After adjusting for overlaps, a total of 361 indicators were assessed by 28 experts in the 1st stage of the survey. In the 2nd stage, a more balanced set of 95 indicators was constructed and assessed by 72 experts from 22 EU MSs and 3 non-EU countries. In the domain access experts assessed share of population covered by health insurance as the top headline indicator. In the domain efficiency, the highest rank was given to Total health care expenditure by all financing agents, and in the domain quality of care to rate of hospital-acquired infections. Percentage of households experiencing high levels/catastrophic of out-of-pocket health expenditures results as the top headline indicator for domain equity. Conclusions: HSPA indicators from different initiatives largely overlap and public health indicators dominate over health systems aspects. The survey allowed to quantify overlaps and gaps in HSPA indicators, their expert allocation to domain areas and establishment of an informed hierarchy structure. Yet, results show that more multidisciplinary work is needed to ensure the availability of accurate efficiency indicators which are comparable across countries.
    Keywords:
    Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Health system performance assessment; Health information; Policy making ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Health Policy ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Beurteilung ; Beurteilungskriterium ; Indikator ; internationaler Vergleich ; EU ; Indikatorenbildung ; Gesundheit ; Berichterstattung ; Qualitätssicherung ; Leistungsvergleich ; health care delivery system ; health care ; assessment ; assessment criteria ; indicator ; international comparison ; construction of indicators ; health ; reporting ; quality assurance ; performance comparison ; 10100 ; 11000
    Type:
    Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

    SSOAR
  2. 42
    Staff View Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2025-04-04
    Keywords:
    Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Sociology & anthropology ; Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen ; Sociology of Work, Industrial Sociology, Industrial Relations ; Digitalisierung ; Erwerbsarbeit ; Organisationsform ; technischer Wandel ; digitalization ; gainful work ; type of organization ; technological change
    Type:
    Sammelwerksbeitrag, collection article

    SSOAR
  3. 43
    Kelin, Ema ; Istenič, Tanja ; Sambt, Jože
    GBR
    Published 2024
    Staff View Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2024-03-14
    Description:
    Purpose: Population ageing will bring economic challenges in the future. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether increased educational level could mitigate the consequences of population ageing on economic sustainability, measured as the gap between labour income and consumption. Design/methodology/approach: Using the National Transfer Accounts (NTA) methodology, the authors decompose labour income and consumption by age and educational level (low, medium and high) and compare obtained age profiles with those calculated conventionally. In addition, using the population projections by age and educational level, the authors project both profiles to 2060 for selected EU countries and assess future economic sustainability. Findings: The results show that the highly educated have a significantly higher surplus for a longer period then those with lower and medium education. Therefore, the improved educational level of individuals will have a substantially positive impact on labour income in the future - on average by about 32% by 2060 for all EU countries included. However, as the better educated also consume more, higher production does not fully translate into improved economic sustainability, but the resulting net effect is still positive at about 19%. Originality/value: The authors present for the first time an NTA by education for 15 EU countries and show the importance of including education in the analysis of the economic life cycle. The authors also show that increased educational level will mitigate the consequences of population ageing on economic sustainability in the future.
    Keywords:
    Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Wirtschaft ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Economics ; labour income; economic sustainability; EU-SILC 2011 ; Bevölkerung ; Volkswirtschaftstheorie ; Population Studies, Sociology of Population ; National Economy ; Arbeit ; Einkommen ; Konsum ; Bildungsniveau ; demographische Alterung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; labor ; income ; consumption ; level of education ; demographic aging ; population ; sustainability
    Type:
    Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

    SSOAR
  4. 44
    Staff View Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2023-02-22
    Description:
    The new European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes enhanced requirements on digital data collection. This article reports from a 2018 German nationwide population-based probability app study in which participants were asked through a GDPR compliant consent process to share a series of digital trace data, including geolocation, accelerometer data, phone and text messaging logs, app usage, and access to their address books. With about 4,300 invitees and about 650 participants, we demonstrate (1) people were just as willing to share such extensive digital trace data as they were in studies with far more limited requests; (2) despite being provided more decision-related information, participants hardly differentiated between the different data requests made; and (3) once participants gave consent, they did not tend to revoke it. We also show (4) evidence for a widely-held belief that explanations regarding data collection and data usage are often not read carefully, at least not within the app itself, indicating the need for research and user experience improvement to adequately inform and protect participants. We close with suggestions to the field for creating a seal of approval from professional organizations to help the research community promote the safe use of data.
    Keywords:
    Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; GDPR; app data collection; informed consent; passive measurements; privacy; smartphones ; Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften ; Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods ; Datengewinnung ; Datenerfassung ; Digitale Medien ; Datenschutz ; data capture ; data acquisition ; digital media ; data protection
    Type:
    Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

    SSOAR
  5. 45
    Jagodzinski, Annika ; Johansen, Christoffer ; Koch‑Gromus, Uwe ; Aarabi, Ghazal ; Adam, Gerhard ; Anders, Sven ; Augustin, Matthias ; der Kellen, Ramona B. ; Beikler, Thomas ; Behrendt, Christian-Alexander ; Betz, Christian S. ; Bokemeyer, Carsten ; Borof, Katrin ; Briken, Peer ; Busch, Chia-Jung ; Büchel, Christian ; Brassen, Stefanie ; Debus, Eike S. ; Eggers, Larissa ; Fiehler, Jens ; Gallinat, Jürgen ; Gellißen, Simone ; Gerloff, Christian ; Girdauskas, Evaldas ; Gosau, Martin ; Graefen, Markus ; Härter, Martin ; Harth, Volker ; Heidemann, Christoph ; Heydecke, Guido ; Huber, Tobias B. ; Hussein, Yassin ; Kampf, Marvin O. ; Knesebeck, Olaf von dem ; Konnopka, Alexander ; König, Hans-Helmut ; Kromer, Robert ; Kubisch, Christian ; Kühn, Simone ; Loges, Sonja ; Löwe, Bernd ; Lund, Gunnar ; Meyer, Christian ; Nagel, Lina ; Nienhaus, Albert ; Pantel, Klaus ; Petersen, Elina ; Püschel, Klaus ; Reichenspurner, Hermann ; Sauter, Guido ; Scherer, Martin ; Scherschel, Katharina ; Schiffner, Ulrich ; Schnabel, Renate B. ; Schulz, Holger ; Smeets, Ralf ; Sokalskis, Vladislavs ; Spitzer, Martin S. ; Terschüren, Claudia ; Thederan, Imke ; Thoma, Tom ; Thomalla, Götz ; Waschki, Benjamin ; Wegscheider, Karl ; Wenzel, Jan-Per ; Wiese, Susanne ; Zyriax, Birgit-Christiane ; Zeller, Tanja ; Blankenberg, Stefan
    CHE
    Published 2021
    Staff View Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2024-04-04
    Description:
    The Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) is a large, prospective, long-term, population-based cohort study and a unique research platform and network to obtain substantial knowledge about several important risk and prognostic factors in major chronic diseases. A random sample of 45,000 participants between 45 and 74 years of age from the general population of Hamburg, Germany, are taking part in an extensive baseline assessment at one dedicated study center. Participants undergo 13 validated and 5 novel examinations primarily targeting major organ system function and structures including extensive imaging examinations. The protocol includes validate self-reports via questionnaires regarding lifestyle and environmental conditions, dietary habits, physical condition and activity, sexual dysfunction, professional life, psychosocial context and burden, quality of life, digital media use, occupational, medical and family history as well as healthcare utilization. The assessment is completed by genomic and proteomic characterization. Beyond the identification of classical risk factors for major chronic diseases and survivorship, the core intention is to gather valid prevalence and incidence, and to develop complex models predicting health outcomes based on a multitude of examination data, imaging, biomarker, psychosocial and behavioral assessments. Participants at risk for coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke and dementia are invited for a visit to conduct an additional MRI examination of either heart or brain. Endpoint assessment of the overall sample will be completed through repeated follow-up examinations and surveys as well as related individual routine data from involved health and pension insurances. The study is targeting the complex relationship between biologic and psychosocial risk and resilience factors, chronic disease, health care use, survivorship and health as well as favorable and bad prognosis within a unique, large-scale long-term assessment with the perspective of further examinations after 6 years in a representative European metropolitan population.
    Keywords:
    Medizin und Gesundheit ; Medicine and health ; Prospective cohort study; Risk factors; Coronary heart disease; Vascular diseases; Oral health; Psychiatric and psychosomatic disorders; Ocular diseases; Respiratory diseases; Obesity; Sexual dysfunction; Survivorship; MRI imaging; Cardiac MRI; Brain MRI; Health service research; Mikrozensus ; Medizin, Sozialmedizin ; Medicine, Social Medicine ; nutrition ; prognosis ; heart disease ; adipositas ; risk ; prophylaxis ; cancer ; chronic illness ; Federal Republic of Germany ; Hamburg ; stroke ; epidemiology ; mental illness ; dementia ; resilience ; longitudinal study ; public health ; life style ; health care ; health ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Gesundheit ; Public Health ; Lebensstil ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; chronische Krankheit ; Herzkrankheit ; Längsschnittuntersuchung ; Demenz ; Risiko ; Resilienz ; Prognose ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Fettsucht ; Schlaganfall ; Prophylaxe ; Ernährung ; Epidemiologie ; Krebs ; psychische Krankheit
    Type:
    Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

    SSOAR
  6. 46
    Dhondt, Pieter
    DEU
    Published 2010
    Staff View Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2018-10-25
    Description:
    'Despite several attempts in the eighteenth century to re-establish the University of Dorpat, the Baltic Germans succeeded only in 1802 in re-founding this precious institution meant for the education of the local German-speaking elite. The Baltic German nobility had power over the whole area, ruling it in political, religious, economic and cultural respect. In return for their numerous privileges, they demonstrated an almost proverbial loyalty to the Russian tsar. Until the middle of the nineteenth century, several high posts in the Russian government and in the Russian army were taken by members of the Baltic German nobility. A similar ambiguity characterized the attitude of the Finnish elite. On the one hand, the exceptionally privileged position of the Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian empire forced them to act loyally towards their occupier. On the other hand, Finnish national awareness increased from the 1820's, a development towards which the university contributed to a large extent. As the Baltic German elite was educated at the University of Dorpat, the Finnish elite had its own university, first in Turku/ Abo and, from 1827, in Helsinki. Certainly when the university moved to the new capital, it was given explicit instructions to 'build the nation'. Also the location of the new imperial university was significant in this respect: on the Senate's square with at the opposite side of the square the government and next to it the imposing cathedral.' (author's abstract)|
    Keywords:
    Geschichte ; History ; Social History, Historical Social Research ; Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung ; post-socialist country ; state formation ; education ; German language ; loyalty ; subject of study ; university ; eighteenth century ; historical analysis ; aristocracy ; Baltic States ; elite formation ; political elite ; German ; reform ; elite ; Finland ; Fin ; USSR successor state ; Elite ; Hochschule ; politische Elite ; Adel ; Finne ; Elitebildung ; Finnland ; postsozialistisches Land ; deutsche Sprache ; Bildung ; historische Analyse ; Studienfach ; Baltikum ; Reform ; Deutscher ; 18. Jahrhundert ; Loyalität ; Staatenbildung ; UdSSR-Nachfolgestaat ; historical ; historisch
    Type:
    journal article, Zeitschriftenartikel

    SSOAR
  7. 47
    Staff View Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2021-11-08
    Description:
    Infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to human life. In the case of pandemics, they can also grow into massive challenges for society as a whole - not only from a medical but also from an ethical perspective. This article takes the current COVID-19 pandemic as the occasion for an empirical medico-ethical analysis. It explores the ethical dimensions and discourses on COVID-19 and the Ebola epidemics (West Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo). Additional attention is paid to the question whether and to what extent the ethical issues raised differ and how the possible disparities can be explained. Using a methodological two-step approach (systematic literature review; qualitative content analysis), we were able to identify nine categories that map the ethical dimensions of recent outbreaks of these two diseases: (1) Prioritization of health, (2) Equitable access to resources, (3) Adequate information, (4) Health worker vulnerability, (5) Stigma and discrimination, (6) Research ethics, (7) Measures restricting freedom, (8) Global health justice, (9) Environmental ethics.
    Keywords:
    Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Sociology & anthropology ; disease outbreak; pandemic; infectious disease; lessons learned; qualitative research; categorization; COVID-19; Ebola ; Medizinsoziologie ; Medical Sociology ; Medizinethik ; Moral ; Wertorientierung ; Krankheit ; Infektionskrankheit ; Epidemie ; Public Health ; medical ethics ; morality ; value-orientation ; illness ; contagious disease ; epidemic ; public health ; 50100 ; 29900
    Type:
    Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

    SSOAR
  8. 48
    De Gruyter Published 2020
    Staff View Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2020-11-14
    Description:
    Idonesian Midwifery Research, that primarily focuses on midwives, midwifery practices and education, is trying to make a tremendous effort to reveal the consequences of industrial development which influences midwifery practice and midwifery educational. The 1st Annual Conference of Midwifery has proven its commitment to promote the spirit of the scientist which provides insight, innovation, and creativity to resolve the problems in the midwifery field which occurred in this industrial development era. Hundreds of scientists, professionals, and students have gathered to discuss, analyse, and express their opinions about the current issues today. We are proud because we can bridge their efforts in a prestigious scientific gathering in Indonesia at the 1st ACM 2019. Aims & Scope: This event will bring together midwifery experts, midwifery researcher, midwifery lecturer, and students worldwide. We expect it to be a great opportunity and an inspiring occasion for research development learning, especially to the disseminating of new findings in midwifery and to bridge the networking of midwifery professional, midwifery researcher and midwifery educator.
    Keywords:
    Medizin und Gesundheit ; Bildung und Erziehung ; Medicine and health ; Education ; Medizin, Sozialmedizin ; Sonderbereiche der Pädagogik ; Medicine, Social Medicine ; Special areas of Education ; Hebamme ; Berufspraxis ; Ausbildung ; Gesundheit ; Frau ; Schwangerschaft ; Säuglingspflege ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; frühkindliche Erziehung ; Gesundheitserziehung ; midwife ; occupational practice ; training ; health ; woman ; pregnancy ; baby care ; health care ; early childhood education and care ; health education
    Type:
    Konferenzband, Sammelwerk, conference proceedings, collection

    SSOAR
  9. 49
    De Falco, Rossella
    ESP
    Published 2021
    Staff View Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2021-10-20
    Description:
    Equitable access to healthcare is fundamental in preventing health inequities, and it is warranted by international and regional norms on socio-economic rights. However, during financial crisis, pro-cyclical fiscal austerity can shift the cost of healthcare from the public onto the individual, impinging on the right of everyone to access timely and affordable healthcare. This article analyses this process through the case study of Italy, where the 2008 Great Recession catalysed a series of draconian budget cuts in the health sector. Using disaggregated survey data on self-reported unmet needs for healthcare, it will be shown that increased user fees and downsized health staff and facilities, combined with reduced disposable income, was associated with a drastic rise in inequities in accessing healthcare in Italy.
    O acesso equitativo aos cuidados de saúde é fundamental na prevenção das injustiças na saúde e é garantido por normas internacionais e regionais sobre direitos socioeconómicos. No entanto, durante uma crise financeira, a austeridade fiscal pró-cíclica pode transferir o custo dos cuidados de saúde do público para o indivíduo, afetando o direito de todos ao acesso adequado a cuidados de saúde. Este artigo analisa este processo através do estudo de caso da Itália, onde a Grande Recessão de 2008 catalisou uma série de cortes orçamentais draconianos, no setor da saúde. Usando dados desagregados de pesquisa sobre necessidades não atendidas de cuidados de saúde autorrelatadas, será demonstrado que o aumento das taxas de utilizador e a redução das equipas e das instalações de saúde, combinados com a redução do rendimento disponível, estiveram associados a um aumento drástico das desigualdades no acesso aos cuidados de saúde em Itália.
    Keywords:
    Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; access to healthcare; austerity; health inequities; right to health; European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC); OECD Health Statistics 2019; Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Health Policy ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Sparpolitik ; Gesundheit ; soziale Ungleichheit ; Grundrecht ; Menschenrechte ; Finanzkrise ; Kosten ; Rezession ; Gesundheitswesen ; sozialer Status ; Bildungsniveau ; Beschäftigungssituation ; Staatsangehörigkeit ; regionale Faktoren ; Italien ; Fallstudie ; health care ; austerity policy ; health ; social inequality ; fundamental right ; human rights ; financial crisis ; costs ; recession ; health care delivery system ; social status ; level of education ; employment situation ; citizenship ; regional factors ; health policy ; Italy ; case study
    Type:
    Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

    SSOAR
  10. 50
    Staff View Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2024-10-24
    Description:
    Objective: This study examines the extent to which the experience of parenthood worries among Finnish first-time parents predicts the probability of a second birth, and whether the associations differ according to the parent's gender or the sufficiency of spousal support in parenting. Background: First-time parents' withdrawal from having a second child has been connected to declining fertility rates in Finland and many other high-income countries; consequently, more understanding is needed about why parents potentially refrain from subsequent childbearing. Method: We utilize longitudinal survey data collected from Finnish parents (N = 544) in three waves (2016-2020). Results: The results show that experiencing parenthood worries significantly predicts the probability of a second birth. Specifically, the accumulation of parenthood worries predicted a lower probability of a second birth, and each additional worry decreased the probability significantly more for fathers compared to mothers. Although we found no gender differences regarding the associations between specific parenthood worries and the probability of a second birth, our results showed that fathers who worried about loneliness or having sole responsibility for parenting were less likely to have a second child than fathers with no such worries. In terms of the sufficiency of spousal support in parenting, we found, first, that among parents who received insufficient spousal support, those who worried about their parenting skills adequacy had a lower probability of a second birth than those with no such worries. Second, among parents with sufficient spousal support, worrying about their own ability to cope was associated with decreased probability of a second birth compared to those who did not experience such worry. Conclusion: Our findings provide new insights into the potential influence of parenthood worries experienced by first-time parents and the role of spousal support in subsequent childbearing. - Appendix: https://ubp.uni-bamberg.de/jfr/index.php/jfr/article/view/968/770
    Fragestellung: In dieser Studie wird untersucht, inwieweit die Erfahrung von Elternschaftssorgen bei finnischen Ersteltern die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer zweiten Geburt vorhersagt und ob sich die Assoziationen je nach Geschlecht des Elternteils oder der ausreichenden Unterstützung der Ehegatten bei der Elternschaft unterscheiden. Hintergrund: Der Verzicht von Erstgebärenden auf die Geburt eines zweiten Kindes steht in Zusammenhang mit sinkenden Geburtenraten in Finnland und vielen anderen Ländern mit hohem Einkommen; daher bedarf es eines besseren Verständnisses darüber, warum Eltern möglicherweise auf eine spätere Geburt eines Kindes verzichten. Methode: Wir nutzen Längsschnittdaten, die von finnischen Eltern (N = 544) in drei Wellen (2016-2020) erhoben wurden. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Erleben von Elternsorgen einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer zweiten Geburt hat. Konkret bedeutete die Anhäufung von Sorgen um die Elternschaft für die Eltern eine geringere Wahrscheinlichkeit einer zweiten Geburt, und jede zusätzliche Sorge verringerte die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Väter deutlich stärker als für Mütter. Obwohl wir keine geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede in Bezug auf den Zusammenhang zwischen bestimmten Elternsorgen und der Wahrscheinlichkeit einer zweiten Geburt fanden, zeigten unsere Ergebnisse, dass Väter, die sich Sorgen um Einsamkeit oder die alleinige Verantwortung für die Erziehung machten, weniger wahrscheinlich ein zweites Kind bekamen als Väter, die keine derartigen Sorgen hatten. Schließlich fanden wir einen Unterschied in den Zusammenhängen zwischen zwei Sorgen und der ausreichenden Unterstützung durch den Ehepartner im Verhältnis zur Wahrscheinlichkeit einer zweiten Geburt: Erstens hatten von denjenigen Eltern, die bei der Erziehung unzureichende Unterstützung durch den Ehepartner erhielten, diejenigen, die sich Sorgen um die Angemessenheit ihrer Erziehungskompetenzen machten eine geringere Wahrscheinlichkeit einer zweiten Geburt als diejenigen, die keine derartigen Sorgen haben. Zweitens war die Sorge um die eigene Bewältigungsfähigkeit bei Eltern mit ausreichender Unterstützung durch den Ehegatten mit einer geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit einer zweiten Geburt verbunden als bei Eltern, die sich keine solchen Sorgen machten. Schlussfolgerung: Unsere Ergebnisse liefern neue Erkenntnisse über den potenziellen Einfluss von Elternsorgen bei Ersteltern und über die Rolle der ehelichen Unterstützung bei der späteren Geburt eines Kindes.
    Keywords:
    Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Sociology & anthropology ; parity progression; second birth; subsequent fertility ; Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie ; Family Sociology, Sociology of Sexual Behavior ; Elternschaft ; Kinderwunsch ; Fruchtbarkeit ; Geburtenhäufigkeit ; Arbeitsteilung ; geschlechtsspezifische Faktoren ; Finnland ; parenthood ; desire for children ; fertility ; fertility rate ; division of labor ; gender-specific factors ; Finland
    Type:
    Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

    SSOAR
  11. 51
    Dvouletý, Ondřej
    ESP
    Published 2024
    Staff View Fulltext Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2024-11-13
    Description:
    This research examines the working hours preferences of the employees in selected Central European countries, specifically in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. Using the country-representative data from the 2017 edition of the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU LFS), the study investigates the discrepancies between respondents' desired working hours and those usually worked per week. A comparative econometric analysis of those individuals who work more than they wish (overemployed) and those who work less than they desire (underemployed) is conducted. Several interesting observations came out of the performed analysis. We document some significant variables shaping these two situations occurring in the Central European labour markets. The obtained findings document the heterogeneity concerning gender, education, migration background, experience and occupation.
    Keywords:
    Wirtschaft ; Economics ; overemployment; job; EU-LFS 2017 ; Arbeitsmarktforschung ; Labor Market Research ; Arbeit ; Arbeitszeit ; Arbeitszeitwunsch ; Beschäftigung ; Unterbeschäftigung ; Berufsgruppe ; Ungarn ; Polen ; Tschechische Republik ; vergleichende Forschung ; labor ; working hours ; desired working hours ; employment ; underemployment ; occupational group ; Hungary ; Poland ; Czech Republic ; comparative research
    Type:
    Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

    SSOAR
  12. 52
    De Gruyter Published 2020
    Staff View Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2020-11-18
    Description:
    This book includes eight chapters reflecting various approaches towards the theme of play for children with disabilities that characterised the work of the members of the COST Action TD1309 "LUDI-Play for Children with Disabilities". Alongside these multifaceted points of view, some theoretical aspects emerged as a common background: the ICF-CY theoretical perspective, the vision of "play for the sake of play" and play as a fundamental right.
    Keywords:
    Bildung und Erziehung ; Education ; Sonderpädagogik ; Special Education for the Handicapped ; early childhood education and care ; children's rights ; child ; disability ; playing ; toy ; Spielzeug ; Kind ; Behinderung ; Spiel ; Kinderrechte ; frühkindliche Erziehung
    Type:
    Sammelwerk, collection

    SSOAR
  13. 53
    Staff View Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2018-07-27
    Description:
    "Improving the health status of the poor and addressing their specific health needs is crucial for poverty alleviation. In this context, the design of health care systems is one of several key challenges. This study analyses the accessibility of the Latvian health care system from a pro-poor perspective. What access barriers currently affect poor and vulnerable inhabitants of Latvia? How can these barriers be removed and the health care system be made more pro-poor? In this analysis of the Latvian health care system, three relevant dimensions of accessibility are identified: the financial, the geographical, and the informational one. For each dimension, barriers to access, existing measures to overcome these and their limits are discussed and reform proposals made. Overall, efforts to enhance the access of poor and vulnerable groups to the Latvian health care system must tackle the pooling and funding side, improve the overall stewardship of health care and social protection, and meet with a supportive general political framework." (author's abstract)
    Keywords:
    Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Medizin und Gesundheit ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Medicine and health ; Medizin, Sozialmedizin ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Health Policy ; Medicine, Social Medicine ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitswesen ; Armut ; Baltikum ; soziale Sicherung ; Information ; geographische Faktoren ; Lettland ; postsozialistisches Land ; UdSSR-Nachfolgestaat ; Finanzierung ; post-socialist country ; Latvia ; funding ; geographical factors ; social security ; health care delivery system ; health care ; Baltic States ; information ; USSR successor state ; poverty ; anwendungsorientiert ; applied research
    Type:
    research report, Forschungsbericht

    SSOAR
  14. 54
    Welzel, Julia

    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Published 2001
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1600-0846
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Background/aims: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive technique for morphological investigation of tissue. Since its development in the late 1980s it is mainly used as a diagnostic tool in ophthalmology. For examination of a highly scattering tissue like the skin, it was necessary to modify the method. Early studies on the value of OCT for skin diagnosis gave promising results.Methods: The OCT technique is based on the principle of Michelson interferometry. The light sources used for OCT are low coherent superluminescent diodes operating at a wavelength of about 1300 nm. OCT provides two-dimensional images with a scan length of a few millimeters (mm), a resolution of about 15 μm and a maximum detection depth of 1.5 mm. The image acquisition can be performed nearly in real time. The measurement is non-invasive and with no side effects.Results: The in vivo OCT images of human skin show a strong scattering from tissue with a few layers and some optical inhomogeneities. The resolution enables the visualization of architectural changes, but not of single cells. In palmoplantar skin, the thick stratum corneum is visible as a low-scattering superficial well defined layer with spiral sweat gland ducts inside. The epidermis can be distinguished from the dermis. Adnexal structures and blood vessels are low-scattering regions in the upper dermis. Skin tumors show a homogenous signal distribution. In some cases, tumor borders to healthy skin are detectable. Inflammatory skin diseases lead to changes of the OCT image, such as thickening of the epidermis and reduction of the light attenuation in the dermis. A quantification of treatment effects, such as swelling of the horny layer due to application of a moisturizer, is possible. Repeated measurements allow a monitoring of the changes over time.Conclusion: OCT is a promising new bioengineering method for investigation of skin morphology. In some cases it may be useful for diagnosis of skin diseases. Because of its non-invasive character, the technique allows monitoring of inflammatory diseases over time. An objective quantification of the efficacy and tolerance of topical treatment is also possible. Due to the high resolution and simple application, OCT is an interesting addition to other morphological techniques in dermatology.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0846.2001.007001001.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  15. 55
    Staff View Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2021-04-07
    Description:
    This paper aims to shed light on work-life balance in Latvia during the state of emergency. The COVID-19 outbreak has led many governments to introduce lockdowns. While the restrictions imposed may help to contain the spread of the virus, they may also result in substantial damage to the well-being of the population. The COVID-19 outbreak in Latvia demonstrates the extent and ways in which socio-demographics has determined different patterns of behaviour, attitudes, employment changes and harmonised work and life balance. The study describes the development of COVID-19 in the country chronologically. It shows labour migration to and from Latvia before the COVID-19 outbreak, and then discusses geographical features of the distribution of confirmed COVID-19 cases. The extent of the COVID-19 threat is assessed focusing on the global, national, regional and intra-family levels. Finally, types of employment and work-life balance are analysed according to the geography and age groups.
    Keywords:
    Wirtschaft ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Economics ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; COVID-19 outbreak; perception of threats ; Arbeitsmarktforschung ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Labor Market Research ; Health Policy ; Lettland ; Epidemie ; Work-life-balance ; Familie-Beruf ; Wahrnehmung ; Beschäftigungseffekt ; Beschäftigungsform ; Latvia ; epidemic ; work-life-balance ; work-family balance ; perception ; effect on employment ; type of employment ; 20100 ; 20400 ; 20600 ; 20500
    Type:
    Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

    SSOAR
  16. 56
    Urbano, Cláudia
    AUT
    Published 2019
    Staff View Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2019-08-08
    Description:
    Higher education is one of the most important key values for changes in societies and exchanges among different societies. Analysing higher education systems in Europe, it is clear that Southern Europe has been determining many differences with the rest of the continent, despite the effort of the Bologna Process to ensure comparability in the standards and quality of higher education qualifications. Taking into account four Southern Europe countries -Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece- and regarding their link to a certain Mediterranean culture, our proposal is to analyse these countries' higher education systems, their growth, using indicators on educational stock, economic growth and development, supply and demand of higher education and economic indicators relating training and the economy such as graduated employment rates. Also education public policies will be considered in the analysis as they interfere in higher education systems' trajectories. Comparing them we will be able to identify similitudes and singularities in these educational realities, leading us to conclude about the existence of a Southern European way of making higher education a specific value in Mediterranean culture. This topic is even more important as it may be related to the recent key focus of EU activities in Southern Mediterranean region. The Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainable Development (MSSD) recognises that education in the Mediterranean needs strengthening by introducing sustainable development, through a holistic approach, into educational curricula, from primary school right up to higher education. The search for synergies between higher education research and innovation in the Mediterranean area already started. With our post-doctoral research project focusing on higher education and its links to societies, educational policies and national economies, our goal is to share some questions and to contribute to the debate on higher education reinforcing and enriching sociological analysis on higher education between Mediterranean countries.
    Keywords:
    Bildung und Erziehung ; Education ; Makroebene des Bildungswesens ; Bildungswesen tertiärer Bereich ; Macroanalysis of the Education System, Economics of Education, Educational Policy ; University Education ; Hochschulbildung ; Hochschule ; Portugal ; Spanien ; Italien ; Griechenland ; Südeuropa ; Standardisierung ; Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Ausbildungssystem ; Europa ; Mittelmeerraum ; Nachhaltigkeit ; university level of education ; university ; Spain ; Italy ; Greece ; Southern Europe ; standardization (meth.) ; qualification ; educational policy ; vocational training system ; Europe ; Mediterranean region ; sustainability
    Type:
    Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

    SSOAR
  17. 57
    Verlag Barbara Budrich Published 2023
    Staff View Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2023-02-24
    Description:
    This publication collects contributions to understanding and addressing migration flows from Africa to Europe and supporting social coexistence in the destination countries. Written by experts in psychology and social work, the articles approach the topic of immigration based on empirical research in their academic and professional specialties. The book focuses on issues of intervention, letting the research be the starting point for further plans. This focus makes the book valuable for professionals as well as policy makers. The book unfolds through the following themes: the representation of security and governance in Germany and Italy, the emotional representation of migrants and refugees in a hosting town in Germany, the current state of art of European laws and agreement about immigrants and refugees rights, emergencies in human trafficking: how to recognise the victims, how to protect the trafficked women and how to recover them through social inclusion, the social and educational inclusion considering the mother tongue competence in children at school age, mediating different cultures and languages,a multicultural approach to psychopathology, working with the trauma providing migrants with a trusty relationship as a secure base, the importance of family bonds in migrants' wellbeing.
    Keywords:
    Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Migration ; Migration, Sociology of Migration ; Afrika ; Flucht ; Einwanderung ; Europa ; Menschenrechte ; Flüchtlingspolitik ; Asylpolitik ; soziale Unterstützung ; Sozialarbeit ; Menschenhandel ; Trauma ; psychosoziale Versorgung ; interkulturelle Kompetenz ; soziale Integration ; Africa ; flight ; migration ; immigration ; Europe ; human rights ; policy on refugees ; asylum policy ; social support ; social work ; slave trade ; trauma ; psychosocial care ; intercultural skills ; social integration
    Type:
    Sammelwerk, collection

    SSOAR
  18. 58
    Eßler, Henrik
    transcript Verlag
    Published 2023
    Staff View Fulltext Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2023-09-21
    Description:
    Moulagen - plastische Krankheitsdarstellungen - waren wichtige Dokumentations- und Lehrobjekte der Medizin. Die Moulagenbildner*innen galten in der Medizingeschichte oft als skurrile Außenseiter*innen, deren Arbeit von alchemistisch anmutender Geheimnistuerei umgeben war. Henrik Eßler widmet sich erstmals der Berufsgeschichte dieser unterschätzten Spezialist*innen. Dabei stellt er einerseits die Bedeutung der Moulage heraus, die weit über eine "naturgetreue" Nachbildung hinausging. Andererseits rückt er die Stellung der Moulagenbildner*innen im wissenschaftlichen Arbeitsprozess in ein neues Licht: Sie waren nicht nur ausführendes Organ, sondern Kooperationspartner*innen im Forschungszusammenhang.
    Keywords:
    Medizin und Gesundheit ; Geschichte ; Medicine and health ; History ; Moulage; Medizingeschichte; History of Medicine; History ; Medizin, Sozialmedizin ; Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung ; Medicine, Social Medicine ; Social History, Historical Social Research ; Medizin ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Krankheit ; Wissenschaft ; Kunst ; Technik ; Arbeit ; Technikgeschichte ; Wissenschaftsgeschichte ; Medizinsoziologie ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; medicine ; Federal Republic of Germany ; illness ; science ; art ; engineering ; labor ; history of engineering ; history of science ; medical sociology ; science of history
    Type:
    Dissertation, phd thesis

    SSOAR
  19. 59
    Peperzeel, H. A.
    Springer
    Published 1985
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1573-2630
    Keywords:
    retinoblastoma ; choroidal melanoma ; oncological teamwork
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Abstract Retinoblastoma and choroidal melanoma are two malignant ocular tumours that still give rise to discussions about diagnosis, natural history with respect to metastasis an choice of treatment. The therapeutic problems are best solved within a multidisciplinary oncology team in which the ophthalmologist, ophthalmopathologist and the general pathologist play an important role. In most institutes for ophthalmology a patient with a tumour in or in the region of the eye, is first seen by a specialist for eye diseases, who is also a surgeon in this field. In general the ophthalmologist decides on the diagnosis, the treatment and the follow-up without consulting other specialists in oncology. This solely ophthalmological approach can harbour a potential danger for the patient. Decisions on treatment made in a multidisciplinary team of specialists trained in oncological principles are responsible for the best results. Surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be a better choice than surgery alone, but even when surgery alone seems the best treatment, the discussion with the members of an oncological team can be of importance for the surgeon. The natural history of the tumour which includes the growth patterns, the growth rate and the tendency to metastasize may influence the choice of the surgical procedure; surgical intervention might be more or less extensive than previously foreseen. Dr. W.A. Manschot, professor in ophthalmic pathology, rightly advocates the contribution of the ophthalmopathologist to such an oncological team, because such a person has acquired knowledge in histopathology of the ocular tumours and experience in evaluating international literature in this field, the results of the treatment of groups of patients with the same tumour and publishing the statistically verified conclusions. As a chairman of the Dutch Eye and Orbit Tumour Committee Manschot was one of the enthousiastic initiators of its meetings of ophthalmologists, ophthalmic and orbital surgeons, radiotherapists, pathologists and medical oncologists. Two tumours have his special attention: the retinoblastoma and the choroidal melanoma.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00128374

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  20. 60
    Staff View Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2024-03-26
    Description:
    Tools based on machine learning (so-called artificial intelligence, AI) are increasingly being developed to diagnose malignant melanoma in dermatology. This contribution discusses (1) three scenarios for the use of AI in different medical settings, (2) shifts in competencies from dermatologists to non-specialists and empowered patients, (3) regulatory frameworks to ensure safety and effectiveness and their consequences for AI tools, and (4) cognitive dissonance and potential delegation of human decision-making to AI. We conclude that AI systems should not replace human medical expertise but play a supporting role. We identify needs for regulation and provide recommendations for action to help all (human) actors navigate safely through the choppy waters of this emerging market. Potential dilemmas arise when AI tools provide diagnoses that conflict with human medical expertise. Reconciling these conflicts will be a major challenge.
    Für die Diagnose von malignen Melanomen in der Dermatologie werden zunehmend Instrumente entwickelt, die auf maschinellem Lernen (sogenannter künstlicher Intelligenz, KI) basieren. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert (1) drei Szenarien für den Einsatz von KI in verschiedenen medizinischen Bereichen, (2) Kompetenzverschiebungen von Dermatolog:innen zu Nicht-Spezialist:innen und mündigen Patient:innen, (3) regulatorische Rahmenbedingungen zur Gewährleistung von Wirksamkeit und Unbedenklichkeit und ihre Folgen für KI-Tools sowie (4) kognitive Dissonanz und potenzielle Delegation menschlicher Entscheidungen an KI. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass KI-Systeme menschliche medizinische Expertise nicht ersetzen, sondern eine unterstützende Rolle spielen sollten. Wir zeigen Regulierungsbedarf auf und geben Handlungsempfehlungen, um alle (menschlichen) Akteur:innen dabei zu unterstützen, sicher durch die unruhigen Gewässer dieses neuen Marktes zu navigieren. Potenzielle Dilemmata entstehen, wenn KI-Tools Diagnosen liefern, die im Widerspruch zur menschlichen medizinischen Expertise stehen. Diese Konflikte zu lösen, wird eine große Herausforderung sein.
    Keywords:
    Technik, Technologie ; Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Technology (Applied sciences) ; Sociology & anthropology ; diagnostic accuracy; melanoma ; Technikfolgenabschätzung ; Medizinsoziologie ; Technology Assessment ; Medical Sociology ; Krebs ; Diagnose ; künstliche Intelligenz ; Arzt-Patient-Beziehung ; Diagnostik ; Medizinethik ; cancer ; diagnosis ; artificial intelligence ; physician-patient relationship ; diagnostic ; medical ethics
    Type:
    Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

    SSOAR