Search Results - International Ophthalmology

2022-02-28

Die Covid-19-Pandemie hat den Mangel an Gesundheits­personal als globales Problem offen zutage treten lassen. Dies gilt auch für die Rekrutierung, Aus- und Weiterbildung sowie die Verteilung von Gesundheitsfachkräften. International fehlt es an belastbaren Governance-Strukturen. Die Stärkung von Gesundheitsfachkräften kann dazu beitragen, die Ziele der Nachhaltigkeitsagenda der Vereinten Nationen zu erreichen, vor allem in den Bereichen Gesundheit, Sicherheit, Wirtschaft und Geschlech­ter­gerechtigkeit. Der Länderkontext Ghanas offenbart zentrale Herausforderungen. Zu nennen sind der Mangel an und die ungleiche Verteilung von Gesundheitspersonal, fehlende Ausstattung in Gesundheitseinrichtungen, begrenzter fiskalischer Spielraum, eine unzureichende Informationslage zum Gesundheitspersonal, Migration und die kaum vorhandene Aufnahmefähigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes für ausgebildetes Personal. Externe Akteurinnen und Akteure wie Deutschland haben nur begrenzten Handlungsspielraum in der bilateralen Zusammenarbeit. Doch selbst diesen nutzen sie nicht genug dafür, die Chancen für eine nachhaltige Stärkung des Gesundheitspersonals mit positiven Effekten auf andere Politikfelder zu ergreifen. Entwicklungs- und außenpolitisch könnte sich die Bundesregierung mit einem intensivierten internationalen Engagement im Gesundheitssektor langfristige Partnerschaften mit Ländern des Globalen Südens sichern. Eine nachhaltige globale Gesundheitspersonalpolitik sollte sich auf fol­gende bi- und multilaterale Handlungsoptionen konzentrieren: Gesundheitsdaten, Training von Gesundheitspersonal, Ausstattung mit Gesundheitsgütern, bedarfsorientierte Migrationsprogramme und nachhaltige Finanzierung der globalen Gesundheitsgovernance. (Autorenreferat)

Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Internationale Beziehungen ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; International relations ; Internationale Partnerschaft; Deutschland; COVID-19; Epidemie/Pandemie; Internationale Migration; Arbeitsmarkt ; Gesundheitspolitik ; internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik ; Health Policy ; International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy ; Ghana ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitspersonal ; Ausbildung ; nachhaltige Entwicklung ; internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Westafrika ; health policy ; health care delivery system ; health care ; health professionals ; training ; sustainable development ; international cooperation ; Federal Republic of Germany ; development policy ; West Africa ; 10500

Forschungsbericht, research report

2018-07-25

NO-DO, the Spanish official newsreel produced by Franco's dictatorship (1939–1975), held a 30-year monopoly over audio-visual information in Spain from 1943 to 1975. This paper reports on an analysis of the coverage of medical technologies by the Spanish Cinematic Newsreel Service, NO-DO, from 1943 to 1970. The study focuses on the changing roles played by cultural representations of medical technologies deployed in NO-DO. Our analysis shows how these representations offered a new space for the legitimization of the regime and, more importantly, played a key role in the attempts to construct and enforce a hegemonic national identity after the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). During the period of isolationist autocracy that ended in the mid-1950s, the images of medical technologies reinforced the idea of a self-sufficient “national space” and deepened the break with the historical past. Once the international isolation of the regime was overcome in the late 1950s and the 1960s, the representation of medical technologies contributed to establishing a Spanish national identity that mirrored the outside world, the foreign space. Finally, gender representations in NO-DO are also explored.

journal article, Zeitschriftenartikel

2018-10-25

'This paper presents empirical (both statistical and prosopographical) data about the professional cluster of women medical doctors in Bulgaria from the establishment of Bulgarian Nation State till the Second World War. Medical doctors in Bulgaria were a main part of national intellectual elites, formed as a professional group of the Bulgarian intelligentsia during the 1830s-1870s. The first Bulgarian woman graduated from a university in the very beginning of national independence (1878) and she was a medical doctor, Anastassia Golovina. 1) This paper deals with the education and training of Bulgarian women medical doctors. Data regarding their number, educational centers and migrations would be summoned in order to explain if the relevant social transformation was influenced by foreign experience. The paper summarizes facts concerning the professional career of Bulgarian women medical doctors: employment opportunities, career interruptions, discriminatory appointment and promotion practices, cultural stereotyping. Also their professional activity in promoting hygiene and vaccination, in school medical care and as pioneers in the fields of neurology and gynecology will be commented. Some biographical examples should be presented there. The paper dwells upon the social, political and cultural activities of women medical doctors. They were members and leaders of feminist, charity and Social-Democratic organizations, as well as gifted translators and publicists. The paper makes an attempt to compare the 'Bulgarian case' of women doctors with the experience of women doctors in the same period in the Southeastern and the Western Europe.' (author's abstract)|

Wirtschaft ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Geschichte ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Economics ; History ; Berufsforschung, Berufssoziologie ; Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung ; Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung ; Occupational Research, Occupational Sociology ; Social History, Historical Social Research ; Women's Studies, Feminist Studies, Gender Studies ; post-socialist country ; modernization ; neurology ; health care delivery system ; Western Europe ; Bulgaria ; intellectual ; training ; professionalization ; medicine ; career advancement ; transformation ; Europe ; physician ; international comparison ; nation state ; elite ; woman ; occupation ; gynecology ; social change ; career ; university level of education ; Elite ; Intellektueller ; Gesundheitswesen ; Transformation ; Hochschulbildung ; Professionalisierung ; Frau ; Arzt ; Neurologie ; Europa ; Nationalstaat ; beruflicher Aufstieg ; postsozialistisches Land ; Bulgarien ; Medizin ; Ausbildung ; Karriere ; Beruf ; sozialer Wandel ; internationaler Vergleich ; Gynäkologie ; Modernisierung ; Westeuropa ; historical ; historisch

journal article, Zeitschriftenartikel

2024-04-23

The European Union's (EU) Global Health Strategy calls for open and strategic autonomy in the field of pharmaceuticals, which would lead to the redesign of EU global supply and value chains as well as trade relations. As the EU and Germany are seeking to diversify their trade partners, the Mercosur countries offer latent potential. Mercosur is the name of the South American trade bloc consisting of Argentina, Brazil, Para­guay and Uruguay, with Venezuela's membership currently suspended. The associate states of the bloc are Chile, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Suriname. Bolivia is currently awaiting final approval to become a full member of the bloc. (author's abstract)

Internationale Beziehungen ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; International relations ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Global Health Governance; Lieferer-Abnehmer-Beziehungen; Pharmazeutische Produkte; Gesundheitshilfe (Auslandshilfe) ; internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik ; Gesundheitspolitik ; International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy ; Health Policy ; EU ; MERCOSUR ; pharmazeutische Industrie ; Arzneimittelmarkt ; Apotheke ; Gesundheitswesen ; Governance ; Lateinamerika ; Handel ; Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; health policy ; pharmaceutical industry ; pharmaceutical market ; pharmacy ; health care delivery system ; governance ; Latin America ; commerce ; economic relations ; 10500

Stellungnahme, comment

2024-05-07

Die globale Gesundheitsstrategie der Europäischen Union (EU) von November 2022 zielt auf eine offene strategische Autonomie im Arzneimittelsektor. Dies wird zwangs­läufig zu einer Neugestaltung sowohl der Liefer- und Wertschöpfungsketten der EU als auch ihrer Handelsbeziehungen führen. Das Streben der Union nach Diversifizie­rung wirft die Frage nach geeigneten, vertrauenswürdigen Handelspartnern im Phar­mabereich auf. Potenzial hat eine Kooperation mit dem südamerikanischen Handels­block Mercosur - Argentinien, Brasilien, Paraguay und Uruguay -, der beiden Seiten Chancen für einen gedeihlichen Handel bietet. (Autorenreferat)

Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Internationale Beziehungen ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; International relations ; Global Health Governance; Lieferer-Abnehmer-Beziehungen; Pharmazeutische Produkte; Gesundheitshilfe (Auslandshilfe) ; Gesundheitspolitik ; internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik ; Health Policy ; International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy ; EU ; MERCOSUR ; pharmazeutische Industrie ; Arzneimittelmarkt ; Apotheke ; Gesundheitswesen ; Governance ; Lateinamerika ; Handel ; Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; health policy ; pharmaceutical industry ; pharmaceutical market ; pharmacy ; health care delivery system ; governance ; Latin America ; commerce ; economic relations ; 10500

Stellungnahme, comment

2018-07-27

Over the last six decades, reliance of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries’ economy on expatriate workforce has increased incessantly. Majority of private sector workforce in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are expatriates. Recent attempts by governments in GCC countries to localise the workforce, through their workforce nationalisation programmes, have offered limited results. Thus dependence on expatriate workforce will continue in near future and GCC countries, short of professionally and technically qualified local workers will need to employee a large number of expatriates to support their economic and social developments plans. This calls for a systematic approach to understand the specific challenges faced by expatriates of different nationalities in GCC countries, so that these challenges can be addressed to enable GCC countries to become a preferred destination for technically and professionally qualified expatriate workers. This paper presents an overview of GCC countries; reasons for their dependence on expatriate workforce; key current challenges faced by expatriates in GCC countries and suggestions for facilitating adjustment of expatriate workers in GCC countries.

Wirtschaft ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Economics ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Personalwesen ; Migration ; Labor Market Policy ; Human Resources Management ; Migration, Sociology of Migration ; Persischer Golf ; ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitskräfte ; Rekrutierung ; Arbeitskräftenachfrage ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Lebensbedingungen ; Arbeitsrecht ; geschlechtsspezifische Faktoren ; Arbeitsmigration ; Arbeitnehmerschutz ; Persian Gulf ; foreign worker ; manpower ; recruitment ; labor demand ; working conditions ; living conditions ; labor law ; gender-specific factors ; labor migration ; protection of employee rights ; 10100

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2024-03-14

Drawing from recent advances in the field of health sociology, our study highlights topics and framings of health technologies (HT) diffused online by more than 4,000 identified actors actively involved in HT discussions on Twitter. Adopting an exploratory approach, we distinguish between health institutions, specialists, and advocates, and we assess key topics and framings promoted online by these actors. First, we show that the geographical distribution of important actors correlates with the citizens' reliance on social media to seek health information. Then, relying on 'state-of-the-art' methods in textual analysis, we identify prevalent online topics and show that the United States focuses more on risk management and private funding, whereas Europe focuses more on health literacy, practitioners, and start-ups. Furthermore, institutions focus more on indirect, global, and strategic problematics, whereas specialists are more concerned with direct and concrete problems. We also use creative visualisations displaying semantic relationships along important dimensions of HT, notably in terms of concerns related to technological priorities, professional skills, and privacy issues, as well as a possible shift in concerns related to privacy issues before and after the COVID pandemic. We conclude by discussing future research paths, particularly by giving insights into what are potential further survey interests.

Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Publizistische Medien, Journalismus,Verlagswesen ; Sociology & anthropology ; News media, journalism, publishing ; Corona; COVID-19; Coronavirus; health technologies; topic modelling; word embeddings; Flash Eurobarometer 404 (European Citizens' Digital Health Literacy) (ZA5948 v1.0.0) ; Medizinsoziologie ; interaktive, elektronische Medien ; Medical Sociology ; Interactive, electronic Media ; Eurobarometer ; Gesundheit ; Technologie ; Soziale Medien ; vergleichende Forschung ; Infektionskrankheit ; Epidemie ; Information ; health ; technology ; social media ; comparative research ; contagious disease ; epidemic ; information

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2018-07-25

Objective: summarizing the scientific content produced about the risk factors for corneal injury in critically ill patients in intensive care. Method: this is an integrative review of the literature conducted by question: “Which risk factors are involved in the development of corneal injury in critically ill patients in intensive care?” We searched the banks of BDENF, LILACS, SciELO and MEDLINE. The collection was performed according to the research protocol from January to April 2014. Results: the risk factors found are related to impairment of defense mechanisms, ventilation, and level of consciousness, severity and hemodynamic instability and use of specific medications. Conclusion: there was noted the scarcity of scientific papers about the subject in our country, which makes it imperative to urgent investigation into our reality, in order to demonstrate the problems of this disease.

Medizin und Gesundheit ; Medicine and health ; Corneal ulcer; intensive care; nursing ; Medizin, Sozialmedizin ; Medicine, Social Medicine

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2022-06-30

Vision impairment is the most common disability worldwide and it is untreated in large parts of the developing world. We assess the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for eyeglasses among adults in a resource-poor rural setting. We elicit the WTP using the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) method. We combine this approach with a layaway scheme and a video intervention to probe to what extent liquidity constraints and information influence the WTP. Our results show that the average WTP is close to the cost of production for corrective glasses. Nevertheless, we find evidence for information constraints. Our video intervention raises the WTP for corrective glasses by 16 percent. We do not find evidence of screening effects, that is after 6 months, use is unrelated to the initial WTP.

Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Health Policy ; Westafrika ; Burkina Faso ; Sehbehinderung ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Nachfrage ; Preis ; Zahlungsbereitschaft ; ländlicher Raum ; West Africa ; visual impairment ; health ; health care delivery system ; demand ; price ; willingness to pay ; rural area ; 10500

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2018-07-26

This is a case study with the aims of presenting the history of a child dependent on technology and identify the social network to support the development of the children dependent on technology. The collected data were described using flowcharts as genogram and eco-map. It was observed the difficulty and complexity of maintaining the quality of life with a child who needs full time care. There is a need for more studies on this subject since there is the need to improve the care provided to these children, which is possible only through studies and research on the topic.

Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Soziale Probleme und Sozialdienste ; Sociology & anthropology ; Social problems and services ; Medizinsoziologie ; soziale Probleme ; Medical Sociology ; Social Problems ; Kind ; Behinderung ; Pflege ; Lebensqualität ; Krankenpflege ; Behindertenhilfe ; soziales Netzwerk ; neue Technologie ; child ; disability ; caregiving ; quality of life ; nursing ; handicapped assistance ; social network ; new technology

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2021-07-15

Background: Many policy makers and other stakeholders in the EU have expressed interest in better understanding the performance of their own health systems to identify opportunities for improvement in effectiveness, efficiency and equity. Health system performance assessment (HSPA) has received considerable attention at EU level as an instrument to improve transparency and accountability. This is equally important for population health and sustainable health spending. The goal of this paper is to synthesise and map the current state and developments in the field of HSPA relevant in the EU context and by this aid the navigation in the growing HSPA system, understand the available tools and identify opportunities for improvement. Methods: Structured synthesis of the literature on initiatives in the field of HSPA at EU level was carried out. Key literature was identified by a focused review performed between October 2015 and June 2016 on websites of key institutions including the EU, OECD and WHO and Google engine. We used six predefined criteria for identifying key literature. Identified initiatives were classified according to analytical and conceptual output or whether a guiding or advisory role was resumed. A visual map of the relationships between the different actions and actors involved in HSPA was developed. In addition, expert opinion was sought to refine the map. Results: We identified a total of 64 relevant initiatives and their relationships in the field of HSPA. These include institutions such as the European Commission (73%), European Council (8%), OECD (9%) and WHO-EUR (9%). 24 initiatives produced analytical outputs, four developed conceptual outputs and six had a guiding role. The role of the EU in HSPA and collaboration with other key actors have intensified considerably since the adoption of the EU Health Strategy in 2013. The EU HSPA landscape is complex with seemingly few streamlining activities. Conclusions: Knowledge transfer and exchange of expertise are key to HSPA. While cooperation between the key actors have intensified recently and clearly reflect the "Health in all Policies" (HIAP) approach, there is considerable room for improved streamlining activities to share knowledge and avoid overlapping efforts, especially within the European Commission.

Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Health system performance assessment; Health information; Policy making; European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Health Policy ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheit ; internationaler Vergleich ; EU ; Public Health ; Indikator ; Informationssystem ; Wissenstransfer ; health care delivery system ; health ; international comparison ; public health ; indicator ; information system ; knowledge transfer ; 11000

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2014-10-14

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Adolescent ; Alleles ; Child ; Cytokines/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Endopeptidases/chemistry/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Inflammation/genetics/immunology/*prevention & control ; Interferon Type I/*immunology/metabolism ; Intracellular Space/*metabolism ; Male ; Pedigree ; S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitination ; Ubiquitins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Viruses/immunology

2016-01-07

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Respiration ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/*growth & development/*metabolism ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction

2018-07-27

The volume contains the papers presented during the 9th International Congress of the International Association on Public and Nonprofit Marketing (IAPNM) entitled "Regulation and Best Practices in Public and Nonprofit Marketing". Structured in accordance with the sessions of the mentioned Congress, the volume includes papers and relevant contributions on marketing research development in the public administration, healthcare and social assistance, higher education, local development and, more generally, nonprofit organizations. The social marketing specific issues take an important part of the volume giving the diversity of the approached topics as well as the large number of researchers concerned with this matter. Though of small dimensions, the contents of the sessions dedicated the revival and reinvention of public marketing must be underlined, as well as of the transfer of public marketing best practices to the South-Eastern European states. Publishing this volume represents a term of the interest expressed by over 40 academic and research groups in Europe and other continents with interests in the public and nonprofit marketing field, as well as in other European states’ bodies that develop specific empirical studies.

Social problems and services ; Sociology & anthropology ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Economics ; Wirtschaft ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Soziale Probleme und Sozialdienste ; Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Social Marketing; Marketing in Public Administrations; Reviving and Reinventing Public Marketing; Marketing Fits Local Development; Marketing and Health Institutions and Social Assistance; Transferring Public and Nonprofit Marketing Best Practices to South-Eastern Europe; The Path to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); Marketing in Nonprofit Organizations; Marketing and Higher Education Institutions ; Organisationssoziologie, Militärsoziologie ; Marketing ; Sozialarbeit und Sozialpädagogik ; Sozialpolitik ; Social Welfare ; Social Policy ; Organizational Sociology

Konferenzband, conference proceedings

2020-10-03

Low literacy among adolescents and adults worldwide remains a serious problem, even in economically developed countries. The consequences of low reading proficiency levels can be harmful in many ways for both the individuals concerned and their communities in terms of health, political, social and economic outcomes. While large-scale international assessments do assess reading proficiency, the data they provide for the bottom end of the scale are still somewhat undifferentiated. What is of particular concern to scholars and policymakers alike is to better understand the nature of reading difficulties among low-literate adolescents and adults. Addressing this need, the authors of this article present a new integrative process model which takes into consideration reader-related, text-related and task-related factors along different stages of the reading process that can cause reading difficulties. The process model incorporates different traditions of research on low reading proficiency: large-scale assessments, cognitive psychology, and research on developmental precursors of reading comprehension. It enabled the authors to identify core difficulty-generating factors, in particular task and text characteristics relevant in evaluating the difficulty of a reading task and thus in determining whether low-literate readers can solve it. The process model also proved suitable for incorporation into standard-setting practice. The authors demonstrate how the process model provided a framework for developing proficiency level descriptors (PLDs) which were then applied for the purpose of standard setting in a German large-scale assessment, the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). Their results show that the PLDs were indeed suitable for differentiating between a low reading proficiency level and a functional reading proficiency level among adolescents and adults.

Psychologie ; Psychology ; process model; low reading proficiency; large-scale assessments; difficulty-generating factors; standard setting ; psychologische Diagnostik und Beratung, psychologische Methoden ; Psychological Testing, Psychological Counseling, Psychological Methodology ; Kompetenz ; Lesen ; Bildungsniveau ; kognitive Fähigkeit ; competence ; reading ; level of education ; cognitive ability

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2024-07-30

The management facilitated by Triage Systems raises numerous inquiries for both healthcare professionals and users, rendering it an increasingly pertinent concern. In Portugal, emergency services cater to millions of individuals annually. The dynamic shifts in care are abundant and contingent on the specific nature of the healthcare required. Change, therefore, stands as a perpetual element in the realm of medicine, with alterations unfolding at an accelerating pace and growing complexity. Within the realm of emergency services, Triage serves as the inaugural stage in the healthcare delivery process. It necessitates a meticulous and rigorous approach, a task reserved for adept professionals who are adequately prepared for responsibility. The intricate nature of Triage underscores its pivotal role, setting the tone for the subsequent stages of healthcare provision. As the landscape of healthcare continues to evolve, the effectiveness and precision of Triage become even more crucial, emphasizing the need for ongoing training and adaptability among healthcare professionals. The methodology of the research consists of a thorough literature review to compare different screening systems in healthcare, to better understand the current situation. The findings indicate that the Screening System is both valid and beneficial. Nevertheless, ongoing adjustments in service management are required to enhance its effectiveness and alignment.

Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Triage; Emergency Medical Services; National Health System; Healthcare Management; Screening Management ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Health Policy ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitswesen ; Portugal ; Medizinischer Dienst ; health care ; health care delivery system ; medical service

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2018-07-25

Objective: to implement best practices guidelines for minimizing chemical exposure risk of nurses in a chemotherapy unit (CTU) using the knowledge, attitudes and practices survey (KAP). Method: quantitative, descriptive KAP survey-type study. Results: 26 participants (96,2%) considered themselves vulnerable to chemical risk. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was considered a precaution for safe handling of antineoplastic drugs by 76,9% of the participants. Regarding care provided by the institute to those who handled antineoplastic drugs, 53,8% cited periodical health exams. Conclusion: Professionals who worked in the CTU were aware and considered themselves exposed to chemical risk. Interventions are needed to increase the adherence to preventive measures such as the use of PPE and the implementation of strategic infrastructure for workers' safety. Best practice guidelines will help nurses minimize chemical exposure risk.

Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Sociology & anthropology ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Medizinsoziologie ; Arbeitswelt ; Medical Sociology ; Working Conditions ; Krankenschwester ; Krebs ; Krankheit ; Therapie ; Gesundheit ; Wissen ; Einstellung ; Praxis ; Sicherheit ; Krankenpflege ; Risiko ; Arzneimittel ; Chemie ; Arbeitsschutz ; nurse ; cancer ; illness ; therapy ; health ; knowledge ; attitude ; practice ; security ; nursing ; risk ; pharmaceutical ; chemistry ; occupational safety

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2025-01-31

This essay offers a comparative analysis of health law and telemedicine in Iran and the United States. It explores unique aspects of healthcare systems, regulations, challenges, and opportunities in both nations, tracing the historical development of health law and virtual health from inception to modern times. Specific challenges and opportunities exist within each country's healthcare systems, telemedicine practices, and regulations. For instance, in Iran, the coexistence of traditional and modern legal frameworks makes it essential to ensure that the laws are updated. The United States has a complex landscape of virtual health that needs to be maintained and integrated. What is similar in both countries is the importance of privacy. The analysis emphasizes the importance of adapting legal frameworks to accommodate technological advancements while protecting patient interests. Enhancing health laws and expanding telemedicine capabilities in both countries can improve access to virtual healthcare and enhance the quality and safety of patient care.

Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Recht ; Publizistische Medien, Journalismus,Verlagswesen ; Sociology & anthropology ; Law ; News media, journalism, publishing ; comparative analysis; elemedicine; virtual health ; Medizinsoziologie ; interaktive, elektronische Medien ; Medical Sociology ; Interactive, electronic Media ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; USA ; Iran ; Digitalisierung ; Internet ; Digitale Medien ; Gesundheitsrecht ; Gesundheitswesen ; historische Entwicklung ; Privatsphäre ; health care ; United States of America ; digitalization ; digital media ; health law ; health care delivery system ; historical development ; privacy

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2024-08-05

To examine whether changes in vision and hearing problems are associated with changes in psychosocial outcomes (in terms of depressive symptoms, loneliness, and perceived social isolation). We used longitudinal data from the nationally representative German Ageing Survey, which covers individuals aged 43 years and over (wave 6 and wave 7, with 7108 observations and mean age of 67.5 years, SD 10.2 years). The 6-item De Jong Gierveld tool was used to quantify loneliness, the Bude and Lantermann tool was used to quantify perceived social isolation, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (15-item version) was used to quantify depressive symptoms. Self-rated problems reading the newspaper due to vision problems and self-rated difficulties recognizing known people on the street due to vision problems were used to quantify vision problems. In addition, self-rated hearing problems on the telephone and self-rated hearing problems in groups of more than four people were used to quantify hearing problems. Adjusting for various confounders, longitudinal regressions showed that the onset of major vision problems referring to difficulties recognizing people one knows on the street was associated with increases in loneliness (β = 0.17, p 〈 .01) and depressive symptoms (β = 1.90, p 〈 0.05). Moreover, the onset of some vision problems referring to difficulties reading the newspaper was associated with increases in perceived social isolation (β = 0.06, p 〈 0.01). Additionally, the onset of some hearing problems in groups of more than four people was associated with increases in depressive symptoms (β = 0.43, p 〈 0.05). Our longitudinal study showed that vision and hearing problems can contribute differently to psychosocial factors. Delaying sensory impairment may result in favorable psychosocial factors in later life.

Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Psychologie ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Psychology ; DEAS 2017; DEAS 2020/21; Sehschwäche; Hörschwäche; Mentale Gesundheit ; Gerontologie, Alterssoziologie ; psychische Störungen, Behandlung und Prävention ; Gerontology ; Psychological Disorders, Mental Health Treatment and Prevention ; Sehbehinderung ; Hörbehinderung ; psychische Folgen ; psychosoziale Faktoren ; psychische Gesundheit ; Depression ; Einsamkeit ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; visual impairment ; hearing impairment ; psychological consequences ; psychosocial factors ; mental health ; depression ; solitude ; Federal Republic of Germany ; 20300

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2023-01-23

The COVID-19 pandemic forced a large number of people into telework. The change of working conditions was not done with the help of specialists or with the support from employers, resulting in improvisations that had negative consequences for employee health. The survey conducted by the Bureau of Social Research at the end of 2020 measured the impact of work from home on various health problems and body organs. The results clearly show a deterioration of the bones, muscles and joints, the mental system, the stomach, the eyes and the heart for an important segment of the employees. The most vulnerable people were those aged 40-60, PhD graduates, domiciled in medium and small cities, employed by the state in areas that had the greatest difficulties in adapting to digitization and working on online platforms: culture, education, public administration. As experts say that working from home will continue in the coming years even after the pandemic disappears, the deterioration of employees' health will intensify.

Medizin und Gesundheit ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Medicine and health ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; sedentary behavior; COVID-19 ; Medizin, Sozialmedizin ; Arbeitswelt ; Medicine, Social Medicine ; Working Conditions ; Telearbeit ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Arbeitsumgebung ; gesundheitliche Folgen ; psychische Folgen ; Stress ; Rumänien ; telecommuting ; working conditions ; work environment ; health consequences ; psychological consequences ; psychophysical stress ; Romania ; 50100 ; 10200

Konferenzbeitrag, conference paper