Search Results - "International Ophthalmology"

Springer

0165-5701

1573-2630

Medicine

Augenheilkunde

1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

immunoglobulins ; secretory-IgA ; Sjögren syndrome ; tears

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The objective of the present study was to examine Secretory IgA in tears and serum of Sjögren patients (34 patients and 23 controls). The test was performed in a parallel study using a polyclonal and a monoclonal method (Inter-Assay variation 9.1/Intra-Assay variation 5.5). No differences in the levels of tear secretory IgA were found between patients and controls. In serum however, secretory IgA, total IgA, IgM and IgG showed a significant increase in the Sjögren patients. The fact that secretory IgA levels remain normal in the ocular mucosa of these patients may explain that, despite the autoimmune destruction of the lacrimal gland, humoral defense factors are normally present on the surface of the eye to combat infections.

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

anterior vitrectomy ; aphakic/pseudophakic glaucoma ; high intra ocular pressure ; trabeculectomy

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract In 15 eyes with uncontrolled aphakic/pseudophakic glaucoma, trabeculectomy with anterior vitrectomy was performed. Mean pre-operative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 38.2 ± 6.7 mmHg and mean post operative IOP was 19.3 ± 5.2 mmHg after follow-up of 11.2 2 months. The anterior chamber maintainer technique during vitrectomy has been employed. Success rate (IOP 〈 21 mmHg with or without glaucoma medication) was 80 %. Visual acuity remained unchanged in 4 eyes, improved in 5 eyes and worsened in 6 eyes. Post-operative complications included: two eyes with cystoid macular edema, two eyes with choroidal effusion and prolonged hypotony, one eye with self-absorbing vitreus hemorrhage and one eye with some opacification of the corneal graft. In aphakic/pseudophakic glaucoma where vitreus is filling the anterior chamber - a combined trabeculectomy with anterior vitrectomy is indicated for removal of vitreus from the sclerostomy site with better aqueous flow through the sclerostomy and adequate control of IOP.

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

Trabecular meshwork cells ; migration ; conditioned medium

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Media conditioned by bovine corneal endothelium and scleral fibroblasts were found to induce the migration of bovine trabecular meshwork cells. The migrational activity had both chemokinetic (stimulated random motion) and chemotactic (directional migration) components. That produced by corneal endothelial cells had a markedly more potent effect. The relevance of these in vitro studies is discussed. Biochemically stimulated migration and loss of meshwork cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

birth trauma ; macular hemorrhage

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Retinal hemorrhages occur with increased frequency in neonates following prolonged or difficult labor, especially if associated with primipara, surgical or mechanical intervention, low Apgar scores, perinatal hypoxia, low birth weight or coagulopathy. When involvement occurs peripheral to the arcades resolution occurs generally without sequalae. Hemorrhages involving the macula are much more serious since resolution in these cases may result in degenerative changes or an exudative or glial scar, resulting in amblyopia and possible strabismus. Early examination is warranted in high-risk infants in order to facilitate intervention and the prevention of more serious visual sequalae.

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

cost-effectiveness ; cataract blindness ; vision screening ; health education interventions

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The cost and effectiveness of eight approaches to reducing barriers to cataract surgery were evaluated in a rural area of South India during 1987–1989. The approaches were based on four intervention alternativesaphakic motivator (AM), basic eye health worker (BW), screening van (SV), and mass media (MM). Each intervention was offered at two levels of economic incentive: partial, which provides free surgery and hospital stay, and full, which also provides transport from the recipient's village to the hospital and free food during the hospital stay. Evaluations took place in a probability selection of 90 villages, including ten control villages not subjected to either of the interventions. Only costs unique to patients from the intervention villages were considered: Health education and screening costs were included, surgery costs were not. Percentage reductions in the cataract blind backlog and increases in surgical coverage were used as effectiveness measures. Analyses suggest that the SV and AM interventions, both with full economic incentive, offer the greatest advantage. The AM intervention is the more effective of the two, but also the more costly.

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

anterior eye segment ; diagnostic ultrasound ; immersion technique

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Because the part of the globe in direct contact with the transducer cannot be visualised and focussed transducers have poor imaging qualities at a distance less than 5–8 mm from their surface, diagnostic ultrasound of the anterior eye segment has been treated in a stepmotherly way. With a simplified immersion technique we can visualize quite accurately a variety of pathologic conditions of the cornea, anterior chamber, iris, lens and ciliary body. The B-mode information is superior to the A-mode in this part of the eye.

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

Dexamethasone ; intravitreal toxicity ; retina

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The intravitreal toxicity of a high concentration of dexamethasone was studied in New Zealand white rabbits. No toxicity was observed after intravitreal injections of up to 4.8 mg/0.2 ml.

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

sclera ; traumatic cyst

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The author describes a traumatic implantation cyst of the sclera which developed about two years after an injury with a knife, which caused a perforating scleral wound. The wound was sutured with the operating microscope. The possible mechanisms of the development of this cyst are discussed. Ophthalmologists should still bear in mind the possibility of the development of cysts of the sclera after injuries, which are rare complication nowadays.

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

primary angle closure glaucoma ; intercapsular cataract extraction ; posterior chamber lens implantation

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract In this study we retrospectively evaluated the effect of intercapsular or extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation in 67 eyes of 57 patients with different types of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in combination with cataract. We subdivided this patient population into three groups, based on the preoperative methods of intraocular pressure (IOP) control. The best results were obtained in patients with acute PACG (55% IOP reduction) and in patients with uncontrolled PACG (44% IOP reduction). In the other PACG groups an IOP reduction of between 20 and 33% was achieved. A long-term postoperative IOP of less than 21 mmHg was established in 63 eyes or 94%. In 91% the glaucoma medication was reduced, 65% of all eyes needed no glaucoma medication post-operatively. We conclude that an intercapsular cataract extraction with PC-IOL implantation should be considered in both controlled and uncontrolled PACG in patients with cataract, instead of filtering surgery or combined procedures. Even in eyes with relatively good visual acuity, cataract extraction might be considered as a means of achieving glaucoma control.

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

computer assistance ; contact lens ; corneal physiology ; high Dk material ; keratoconus

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Keratoconus is a condition in which the cornea assumes a complex irregular curvature caused by central corneal thinning. The abnormal topography of the cornea in combination with central corneal scarring results in an impaired visual acuity. Even in mild cases spectacles do not correct vision adequately. The use of hard contact lenses with a spherical geometry in the past has already given a marked therapeutic improvement. The use of these lenses however, is complicated by hypoxia and mechanical trauma of the cornea. These complications could theoretically be avoided by fitting elliptical lenses with a high oxygen transmission. To investigate this hypothesis we compared low oxygen-permeable spherical lenses with high oxygen-permeable elliptical contact lenses in a group of twenty patients with mild keratoconus. Our results showed both a marked subjective and objective visual improvement after fitting elliptical lenses with a low incidence of complications.

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

iris ; extramedullary hematopoiesis ; precursor cells ; erythroblastosis

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary Hematopoietic islands of erythroblastic precursor cells with mitotic activity were found pathologically in the distorted iris of a 35-year-old diabetic male. The eye had been enucleated for absolute hemorrhagic glaucoma occurring secondary to central vein occlusion and complicating previous vitrectomy, repair of retinal detachment and extracapsular cataract extraction.

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

β-blocker ; glaucoma ; intra-ocular pressure ; Pilogel

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract In a multicentre clinical trial thirteen patients with primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were followed during at least six months while selfinstilling Pilogel (once daily) and topical β-blocker (twice daily). After six months of combination therapy there was an average decrease in intra-ocular pressure (IOP) of 33.6% 9.5 hours after Pilogel administration and an IOP decrease of 23.4% 22.5 hours after Pilogel administration. With topical β-blocker alone, an average IOP decrease of 15% was measured. Throughout the study we observed in six patients (46.1%) a superficial punctate keratitis which mostly spontaneously cleared. We did not see any serious side-effects after six months of combination therapy.

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

visual field index ; Octopus ; Humphrey ; automated perimetry ; fluctuation-weighting

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The main visual field indices of Flammer and the analogous ones of Heijl have been compared based on a population of 113 glaucomatous visual fields. It is shown that for the population studied, the differences between the two sets of indices are negligible for Octopus G1 program results and that they may thus be used interchangeably.

Electronic Resource