Search Results - "International Ophthalmology"

1573-2630

automated perimeter ; glaucoma ; visual field defect ; Goldmann perimeter

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The efficacy of automated suprathreshold perimetry with Fieldmaster automated perimeter (model 101 PR and 200) was evaluated in the screening for very early glaucomatous visual field defects which failed to be detected with kinetic perimetry using a Goldmann perimeter. Evaluation of 117 eyes with elevated intraocular pressure revealed a small, relative defect in the central field in 14 eyes which was confirmed by static perimetry with a Tübinger perimeter. Although Fieldmaster model 200 is equipped with more target positions than model 101 PR, detectability of early defects was almost identical between two models. Automated suprathreshold perimetry with either model of Fieldmaster perimeter is useful in detecting the early changes which may be missed by kinetic perimetry with a Goldmann perimeter. Based on the difference in the false positive rate (45.6% with model 200 vs 26.7% with model 101 PR) the screening with 101 PR seems to be more rewarding.

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1573-2630

lens implant surgery ; developing country ; traumatic cataract ; pseudophakos

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Unilateral, mostly traumatic cataract in children and adults is considered a good indication for lens implant surgery in developing countries. In Suriname fourteen patients with unilateral, non-senile cataract underwent pseudophakos surgery, from 1975 to 1980. No major complications occurred. In ten of the fourteen patients good binocular vision was achieved. Two patients had good visual acuity with poor fusion. One patient had persistent deprivation amblyoplia. Six patients were ultimately lost to follow-up.

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1573-2630

corneal graft reaction ; corneal transplantation

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract One hundred consecutive perforating corneal grafts were studied with respect to a corneal graft reaction. The results in first, second, third and fourth grafts were compared as well as the influence of host corneal diseases and the graft reactions in bilateral grafts.

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

keratoscope

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract A simple keratoscope is described which can be used at the slit lamp or in the operating room with the microscope. It is a qualitative keratometer which provides direct information concerning the shape of the whole cornea. Any lightsource from the outside produces corneal placido reflections originating in the inner wall of the device.

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1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

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1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

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1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

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1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

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1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

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1573-2630

coagulase negative staphylococcus ; experimental keratitis ; staphylococcus epidermidis ; bacterial ; corneal ulcers

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Thirty strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, ten each from normal conjunctival sacs, corneal ulcer cases and from those who developed postoperative endophthalmitis, were examined for their dermonecrotic and haemolytic activities. Dermonecrosis was studied on rabbit skin whereas haemolysis was determined against sheep, guineapig, rabbit and human erythrocytes. None of the cell free filtrates from strains derived from normal sacs showed any evidenc of toxin production. Four strains from corneal ulcer cases and five from postoperative infections produced + to + + + dermonecrosis whereas haemolytic activity was exhibited by one strain in the former and by two in the latter. Only those strains that were highly dermonecrotoxic were haemolytic. Experimental corneal lesions in the rabbit were mild by strains from normal sacs. Those showing highest dermonecrotoxic reaction, irrespective of their source, produced identical and most severe corneal pathology when compared to those producing minimal necrosis.

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1573-2630

ketoconazole ; topical toxicity studies ; rabbits

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Ketoconazole, acetyl-dichlorophenyl-imidazole, when administered topically to the eyes of normal New Zealand white rabbits in concentrations of 1%, 3% and 5% in arachis oil has been shown to have no toxic effect to the conjunctival and corneal epithelium of these animals. No toxic effects were also noted on the iris sphincter and the crystalline lens of these animals. Five per cent ketoconazole in arachis oil showed some minimal conjunctival hyperaemia in two of the test eyes (33.3%) after two weeks of continuous administration. Arachis oil, the carrier for the test drug showed no ocular toxicity in all the rabbits tested.

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1573-2630

ketoconazole ; prophylaxis ; therapy ; keratomycosis ; rabbits ; minimal inhibitory concentration ; nitrogen base medium

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract A highly reproducible quantitative model of fungal infection of the rabbit's corneal stromal was produced using multiple corneal microtrephination. Aspergillus flavus (K4/77), at a concentration of 106 spores per ml was systematically implanted into the trephine sites in the cornea, and the degree of corneal infection determined. By pre-inoculation and post-inoculation challenge of these cornea with 1% ketoconazole in arachis oil, the prophylactic potential and the therapeutic usefulness of ketoconazole was determined. Ketoconazole, acetyl-dichlorophenyl-imidazole, has a significant prophylactic potential in inhibiting the development of corneal stromal fungal lesions when it is administered to the cornea of New Zealand white male rabbits as a 1% solution in arachis oil for two consecutive times hourly for two hours before the inoculation of the rabbits cornea with an ocular pathogenic Aspergillus flavus. Ketoconazole also has a therapeutic effect in the reduction of well established A. Flavus keratitis in rabbits. When administered as 1% solution in arachis oil for ten consecutive hours daily to well established A. flavus lesions of the cornea of New Zealand albino rabbits, ketoconazole took about sixteen days to cure all the corneal lesions. Finally, using a yeast nitrogen base liquid medium, the in vitro minimal inhibitory concentrations of ketoconazole to twentyfive various human ocular pathogenic fungal isolates were determined and used to recommend those fungi for which ketoconazole would be a good choice for therapy.

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1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

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1573-2630

mycolase II ; pimaricin ; interaction keratomycosis ; rabbits ; candida albicans

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract An animal model of keratomycosis was used to study the interaction between the new enzyme antifungal compound mycolase II and the polyene antifungal antibiotic pimaricin. Well established corneal infection caused by an ocular pathogenic candida albicans on New Zealand white male rabbits were treated with 3% mycolase II, 5% pimaricin and a combination of 3% mycolase II and 5% pimaricin respectively. The rates of resolution of the corneal lesions for each group of eyes treated by the various drugs were determined and the results were analysed by computer using a two-way analysis of variance to determine the interaction or independence of 3% mycolase II in combination therapy with 5% pimaricin in rabbit keratomycosis. The analysis of variance showed a significant level of positive interaction after each period of treatment. (P 〈 0.001).

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1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

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1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

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1573-2630

automatic perimetry ; visual field examination ; automation

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The development of an experimental automatic perimeter, the Scoperimeter, is described. We use an oscilloscope as campimeter screen for the examination of the central 25° of the visual field. The oscilloscope beam generates a homogeneous background luminance (0.1 cd/m2) and single stimulus static stimuli in any given position. The effective luminance-range of the stimuli is 3.0–3.5 log.unit. The visual field examination is controlled by a small computer system. Four examination programs written in Basic, are described. The screening programs using threshold related suprathreshold stimuli appear to be the most efficient compromise between speed and accuracy of the examination. The printout of these programs consists of a non-interpolated grey-scale presentation. Other programs perform static meridional perimetry or measure luminance threshold in 60 regularly distributed positions in the visual field. We have taken into consideration the factors that may influence the outcome of the examination: the presence of an instruction phase, the possibility to follow the progress of the examination and carefull stimulus-timing. In a second paper we present clinical results we obtained using our instrument (Greve et al. 1982).

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1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

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1573-2630

automatic perimetry ; visual field examination ; maculopathies ; glaucoma

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The Scoperimeter is an experimental automatic campimeter based on an oscilloscope connected with a microcomputer and a printer-plotter. The instrument has 60 stimuli in the 25° visual field and uses a suprathreshold gradient-adapted threshold related strategy (1). The report describes the results of a comparative examination of the threshold related gradient-adapted suprathreshold detection and limited assessment programme in 20 eyes with normal visual fields, 24 eyes of patients with glaucomatous defects and 10 eyes of patients with (para) central defects due to maculopathies. The Scoperimeter detected all larger defects. The Scoperimeter detected 60% of very early glaucomatous defects. The remaining 40% was detected by high resolution (1°) manual meridional static perimetry. The configuration of defects was demonstrated satisfactorily only for homogeneous defects of considerable size. The strategy is quite satisfactory for the detection of glaucomatous defects provided the resolution is increased and the peripheral field can be examined. A high resolution threshold strategy serving as a data base for follow-up examination is under investigation. The Scoperimeter's low resolution grid and suprathreshold strategy are not suitable for the detection and assessment of small relative (para) central defects.

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1573-2630

trypsin digestion ; corrosion cast technique ; vortex vein

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract We examined the architecture of the choriocapillaris in enucleated human eyes by flat preparation using trypsin digestion and corrosion cast technique by injecting methacrylate into the vortex vein. The choriocapillaris in the posterior fundus had a distinct lobular pattern of about 600μ in diameter. An arteriole entered the lobule at its center, and a ring of collector capillaries surrounded the lobule. In the equatorial and more peripheral fundus, arterioles and veins were located in the plane of the choriocapillaris, and the choriocapillaris was segmental in arrangement.

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