Search Results - "International Ophthalmology"

1573-2630

diabetic retinopathy ; light coagulation ; optic disc new vessels

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The effects of treatment by argon laser and xenon arc photocoagulation in 165 diabetic patients with optic disc new vessel formation have been studied retrospectively. Visual acuity and degree of new vessel formation have been assessed over a period of between six months and seven years of follow-up (mean 23 months). Visual acuity improved in 36% of treated eyes and remained unchanged in 34%. Improvement was most marked in those with initially poor acuity (less than 6/36). There was no association between improvement in visual acuity and regression of disc vessels, the latter occurring in 79% of treated eyes. Only 6% of eyes became blind during the period of follow-up, principally as a result of vitreous haemorrhage and retinal detachment. There was no difference between the results produced by the use of separate or combined argon laser and xenon arc photocoagulation on the regression of disc new vessels. However, our results suggest that argon laser treatment was more effective than xenon arc photocoagulation in improving visual acuity. These findings suggest that either form of treatment or a combination offers considerable benefit in the management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, even when very severe at presentation.

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1573-2630

diathermy ; cryopexy ; histopathology ; early lesion ; retina ; pigment epithelium

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract We examined the histopathologic appearance of both cryopexy and diathermy lesions, ten to 60 minutes after application in the rabbit retina. Both lesions showed immediate subretinal fluid accumulation. Thus we would not substantiate the speculation that a diathermy lesion might have greater immediate adhesive strength than a cryotherapy lesion. This explains the clinical experience that retina tends to slip with either modality when trying to treat giant retinal tears.

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1573-2630

leukemia ; optic nerve involvement ; histopathology

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The clinical course and ophthalmic manifestations of an eight year old child with acute undifferentiated leukemia and unilateral blindness secondary to leukemic optic nerve head infiltration are described. At autopsy the involved nerve head and peripapillary retina demonstrated massive leukemic cell infiltration and hemorrhagic necrosis. This manifestation of leukemia is quite uncommon and prognosis for life in such cases is poor with existing methods of therapy.

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1573-2630

specular endothelium photography ; counting grid ; digital data recording ; slip-in diaphragm plate

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract We supplied a digital data recording system and a slip-in diaphragm plate on the Nikon high magnification photo slit-lamp camera. This last improvement with the camera gives better endothelium photographs without the disturbing epithelial reflex.

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

fluorescein iris angiography ; iritis ; sarcoidosis ; uveitis

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The value of fluorescein iris angiography in the diagnosis and follow-up of nodular sarcoid iritis was studied in five patients with nodular iritis and histologically verified generalized sarcoidosis. On the angiograms the sarcoid nodules appeared as hyperfluorescent patches which always exceeded the number of nodules seen by biomicroscopy. Fresh iris nodules were characterized by mild diffuse fluorescence and dilatation and leakage of the adjacent vessels whereas old granulomas were covered by tortuous neovascular vessels which in the active stage of the disease leaked fluorescein profusely. After recovery or between recurrent attacks the amount of leakage decreased or stopped although the neovascular network did not disappear. At recurrences new areas of fluorescence due to fresh nodules were observed in addition to intense leakage from some of the previous lesions. Most of the small nodules were situated in the pupillary part of the iris resulting in dilatation and abnormal permeability of all the peripupillary vessels. The weakness of absence or diffuse leakage from the radial vessels of the iris agrees with the proliferative nature of sarcoid nodular iritis and explains the low-grade symptoms of the patients.

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1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

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1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

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1573-2630

epiretinal membrane ; macular pucker ; membrane dissection

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract In this paper we present the results of fiftheen consecutive patients who underwent vitrectomy surgery for epiretinal membranes in the posterior pole of the eye, resulting in a visual improvement in 75% of the cases. Complaints of metamorphopia disappeared or decreased considerably in nearly all cases.

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1573-2630

Q-switched laser ; optical breakdown ; pathology of anterior segment

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract A series of pathological conditions such as pupillary block glaucoma, angle block glaucoma, acoria, pupillary membranes and goniosynechias of various origins have been treated successfully by means of pulses emitted from a Nd: YAG Q-switched laser above optical breakdown threshold. Since linear absorption is not required, non-pigmented or entirely transparent structures are easily dissected by this method. We have also opened the supraciliary and suprachoroidal space in a series of cases of wide angle glaucomas. In all cases however, the clefts closed by secondary wound reactions. This method may be applied to extracapsular cataract surgery for opening the anterior capsule before lens extraction and to the hydrophthalmic eye.

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1573-2630

branch retinal vein ; obstruction ; neovascularization ; photocoagulation

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Fifty patients who developed preretinal or papillary neovascularization following tributary vein occlusion were treated by laser photocoagulation. Areas of non-perfused retina within the distribution of the obstructed vein were identified by fluorescein angiography and ablated using moderately intense laser photocoagulation burns. In forty-six patients there was satisfactory atrophy of both prerentinal and papillary neovascularization without further complication or vitreous haemorrhage. Four patients who responded poorly to laser photocoagulation did so either because areas of ischaemic retina were inadequately treated or because they were unamenable to laser photocoagulation e.g., sited in the parafoveal region. Ablation of ischaemic perimacular retina together with associated intraretinal microvascular abnormalities aided the resolution of macular oedema in 19 patients. No post-operative complications could be attributed to laser photocoagulation excepting the development of fine perimacular retinal folds in one patient.

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1573-2630

amblyopia ; CAM-treatment ; occlusion ; strabismus

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract In a controlled study, the amblyopic eye of a group of 12 patients was stimulated in accordance with the original method of Campbell et al. (1978), using gratings, and a control group of 10 patients with black and white pictures. As in other controlled studies, no specific benefits ensued from the use of gratings. In both groups only slight visual improvements resulted, probably due to the repeated testing of visual acuity and nonspecific effects of short-term occlusion. A clear improvement in visual acuity and fixation behaviour was only observed after subsequent long-term occlusion.

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1573-2630

immune complex disease ; altered vascular permeability ; uveitis ; prostaglandin ; ocular inflammation

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Increasing ocular vascular permeability by topical application of prostaglandin E2 was found not to be a sufficient stimulus to induce inflammation in either spontaneous immune disease in NZB or induced immune complex disease in rabbits.

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

electro-oculogram ; fast slow oscillations ; normal parameters ; clinical procedure ; applications

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract A new method is described for the simultaneous registration of the slow and fast oscillations of the corneo-fundal potential. The means and standard errors of the parameters are given, and the relation of these parameters with the sex, age and iris pigmentation is discussed.

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1573-2630

secondary demonstration teaching eyepiece ; flexible fiberscope

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract We used a fiber demonstration teaching attachment of Olympus, lecture scope model LS-R, mounted on the Kowa RC-W retinal camera for simultaneous monocular observation during retinal photography and fluorescence angiography. This enables two observers to watch the same object simultaneously (Fig. 1). Unlike other systems the glass fiber bundle ensures optimum flexibility. It is our opinion that this fiberscope can also be adapted easily to other retinal cameras and photo-slitlamps.

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1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1573-2630

albinism ; Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome ; ceroid ; lipofuscin ; electroretinogram

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, a ‘tyrosinase positive’ form of oculocutaneous albinism, is a triad comprising albinism, a hemorrhagic diathesis and ceroid-lipofuscin storage. A pedigree is presented showing consanguinity with a pattern of pseudodominance. Electroretinography in two isolated Hermansky-Pudlak subjects was distinctly abnormal, showing decreased rod and cone responses (as well as abnormal flicker fusion responses) in one patient, and reduced photopic and scotopic responses in another. The decreased ERG responses are discussed with reference to the known retinal abnormalities in both generalized oculocutaneous albinism and Batten's disease, another ceroidlipofuscin storage disorder.

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1573-2630

econazole ; oculomycosis ; rabbits ; miconazole ; clotrimazole

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The possible role of econazole in the management of fungal eye infections is presented in this study. An animal model of oculomycosis was used to demonstrate the efficacy of econazole in an in vivo system both as a prophylactic and as a powerful therapeutic agent against sensitive fungal pathogens. In vitro tests on 114 ocular pathogenic fungal isolates exemplified the superiority of econazole to other available imidazoles.

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1573-2630

herpes simplex virus ; iridocyclitis ; uveitis ; acyclovir ; idoxuridine

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Twenty patients with presumptive herpetic iridocyclitis without active corneal inflammation received either topical idoxuridine 0.5% or acyclovir 3% ointment. The uveitis of all ten patients treated with acyclovir resolved within one to eight weeks. Four of ten patients treated with idoxuridine worsened but subsequently responded to topical prednisolone 0.3%. The pathogenesis of herpetic iridocyclitis is discussed with a literature review.

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1573-2630

autoimmunity ; lens-induced uveitis ; histopathology ; sympathetic ophthalmia ; uveitis

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract One hundred cases of clinically acceptable sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) were evaluated histologically to determine the incidence of atypical features and correlate them with the severity of choroidal inflammation. The inflammatory response in the choroid varied from a focal non-granulomatous to a diffuse non-necrotizing granulomatous process. The choriocapillaris was focally involved rather frequently (in 40% of the cases). This was associated with severe inflammation. Chorioretinal adhesions were noted in 7% of the cases. Retinal detachment was observed in 50% of the cases, and this was associated with severe uveal inflammation. Fifty percent of the cases showed retinal perivasculitis and 18% a mild inflammatory infiltrate of the retina. Involvement of the meninges (a finding present in 22% of the cases) and severe inflammation in the scleral canals were both related to the severity of choroidal inflammation. Lens-induced endophthalmitis was observed in 14 cases and was not associated with the severity of the choroidal inflammation. Our observations indicate that the changes interpreted as atypical in SO are usually associated with severe choroidal inflammation, suggesting that these features may be the response to high doses of the antigenic agent. The classical histopathologic description of SO may represent only one manifestation of the pathologic response of this disease.

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1573-2630

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource