Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:Y. Shyr)

2014-02-14

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Aging/metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics ; Death ; Energy Metabolism ; Environment ; Glyoxylates/metabolism ; Hermaphroditic Organisms ; *Longevity/genetics/physiology ; Male ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Muscles/cytology ; Mutation ; Oxidative Stress ; Receptor, Insulin/genetics ; Reproduction ; Stochastic Processes ; Superoxides/analysis/*metabolism ; Time Factors

2018-03-06

The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

1078-0432

1557-3265

Medicine

2018-04-12

BMJ Publishing

2044-6055

Medicine

Open access, Ear, nose and throat/otolaryngology

1432-1998

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Background. The use of radiographic contrast media in the setting of possible bowel ischemia and potential perforation is known to be associated with increased clinical risk. However, there is a lack of controlled studies using a standard native fecal load to define and compare the intrinsic mortality and morbidity among options of contrast media currently available to the radiologist. We have compared the mortality and gross and histopathologic morbidity of a standard intraperitoneal native fecal dose in the guinea pig, using barium, two iodinated media, saline and air.¶Materials and methods. The study was performed on adult Hartley guinea pigs. A standard native fecal solution with a colony count of 108 aerobes and 2 × 107 anaerobes was prepared, and the LD50 of intraperitoneal injection of the solution was determined. The standard solution at the LD50 dose was then used to compare the mortality and morbidity when commercial barium sulfate (18 % w/v), Conray 30 (iothalamate meglumine 30 %), 1:1 dilution of Conray 30 with sterile water, termed Conray “15” (iothalamate meglumine 15 %), saline and air, were added to the intraperitoneal injection of the fecal solution in five groups of 20 animals each. Mortality and acute (96 h) and chronic (30 days) gross and histopathology were assessed and graded according to a standard system and analyzed statistically.¶Results. Barium was significantly more deleterious than the dilute water-soluble iodinated media, saline and air. Mortality occurred within 24 h in the barium group and within the initial 48 h in all groups as follows: barium 19/20 (95 %); Conray 30 16/20 (80 %); Conray “15”¶7/20 (35 %); saline 0; air 0. Acute gross and histopathology showed extensive grade 4 lesions in 19/19 barium animals; less severe lesions were present in a lesser percentage of the animals in the other four groups. Entirely chronic lesions were present only in the single surviving barium animal and were non-significant (〈400 μm) or absent in the other four groups.¶Conclusions. In our study, barium incurred the most significant deleterious short and long-term effects in the setting of fecal peritonitis. Dilute water-soluble media offer a much greater margin of safety. Saline under sonographic guidance is less deleterious than any of the positive radiographic contrast media. However, in our study, air was the safest contrast medium in the setting of peritoneal soiling.

Electronic Resource

0168-9452

5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase ; carrot ; gene amplification ; glyphosate

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Electronic Resource

1432-198X

Key words Angiotensin converting enzyme ; Angiotensin ; Polymorphism ; Uropathy ; Renal failure

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract  We investigated angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE I/D) polymorphism as a risk for progressive renal damage in congenital uropathies. The ACE I/D genotype was determined in 196 Caucasian patients with congenital uropathies and 163 individuals with no clinical or sonographic evidence of any urological malformations. The study group included patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (n=49), primary obstructive megaureter (n=19), primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) (n=67), and posterior urethral valves (n=27). Thirty-four patients were excluded because of additional diseases or insufficient follow-up. There was no difference in the ACE I/D distribution between children with uropathies and normal controls (II 16%, ID 56%, DD 28% vs. II 26%, ID 50%, DD 24%). Renal lesions were found in 99 of 162 children by ultrasonography, intravenous pyelography, and nuclear scans. In these children there was significant over-representation of the DD genotype (II 11%, ID 53%, DD 36%) compared with normals (P〈0.005, X2=14.9) or with patients with uropathies but no renal lesions (II 23%, ID 62%, DD 15%, P〈0.005, X2=14.9). Because ACE I/D has been linked with progressive deterioration of renal function, we evaluated a subset of patients with initially normal kidneys who developed radiographic renal lesions (n=28). Among these patients there was an even greater over-representation of the DD genotype (II 0%, ID 43%, DD 57%, P〈0.001, X2=22.6) compared with patients with uropathies but no radiographic lesions. Multivariate analysis revealed that the DD genotype is a risk factor for parenchymal destruction, which was independent of time of diagnosis, surgical intervention, or urinary tract infection. This finding was particularly relevant in patients with VUR who constituted the majority with initially normal kidneys who developed radiographic damage (22/28). Indeed, the odds ratio of developing parenchymal damage with VUR was significantly increased if the individual had the DD genotype (4.2, 95% confidence interval 1.4–13.0). In conclusion the ACE I/D gene polymorphism is a risk factor for renal parenchymal damage in patients with congenital urological abnormalities and appears particularly relevant in children with VUR, where it is an independent predisposing factor.

Electronic Resource