Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:X. Mao)

2018-06-01

The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

0099-2240

1098-5336

Biology

2018-05-08

Rockefeller University Press

0022-1007

1540-9538

Medicine

Autoimmunity, Innate Immunity and Inflammation

2018-08-25

American Chemical Society (ACS)

1523-7060

1523-7052

Chemistry and Pharmacology

2018-07-25

National Academy of Sciences

0027-8424

1091-6490

Biology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

2014-08-15

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

2012-05-12

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Cell Polarity/physiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; Female ; Frizzled Receptors/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Oncogene Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Stability ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Wnt/*metabolism ; Thrombospondins/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/chemistry/*deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; Xenopus ; Zebrafish ; beta Catenin/metabolism

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Superconducting Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O films doped with Sb have been fabricated on MgO single-crystal substrates without post-annealing, using pulsed excimer laser deposition. Deposition at 800 °C in 0.2 Torr oxygen environment from a target doped with Sb yielded as-deposited superconducting films with zero resistance at 70 K. X-ray diffraction data show the films are c-axis oriented 2212 phase material. Scanning electron micrographs indicate that doping with Sb enhances grain growth. These results demonstrate that Sb acts to stabilize the 2212 phase in the as-deposited films.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The use of an intermediate layer is necessary for the growth of YBaCuO thin films on polycrystalline metallic alloys for tape conductor applications. A pulsed laser deposition process to grow controlled-orientation yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) films as intermediate layers on Haynes Alloy No. 230 was developed and characterized. YBaCuO films deposited on these YSZ-coated substrates are primarily c-axis oriented and superconducting as deposited. The best YBaCuO films grow on (001) oriented YSZ intermediate layers and have Tc (R=0) = 86.0 K and Jc ∼ 3×103 A/cm2 at 77 K.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

A dramatic change in plasma characteristics, as well as a significant increase in the quantity of ablated mass were observed at a laser power density threshold of 20 GW/cm2. The electron number density and temperature of the laser-induced plasma show dramatic changes in their nonlinear behavior in the range of 2–80 GW/cm2. The crater volume undergoes some type of phase explosion at the threshold. Mechanisms such as inverse bremsstrahlung and self-regulation were used to describe the behavior below threshold. Self-focusing and critical temperature are discussed to explain the dramatic changes at the threshold. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

© 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The craters resulting from high-irradiance (1×109–1×1011 W/cm2) single-pulse laser ablation of single-crystal silicon show a dramatic increase in volume at a threshold irradiance of 2.2×1010 W/CM2. Time-resolved shadowgraph images show ejection of large particulates from the sample above this threshold irradiance, with a time delay ∼300 ns. A numerical model was used to estimate the thickness of a superheated layer near the critical state. Considering the transformation of liquid metal into liquid dielectric near the critical state (i.e., induced transparency), the calculated thickness of the superheated layer at a delay time of 200–300 ns agreed with the measured crater depths. This agreement suggests that induced transparency promotes the formation of a deep superheated layer, and explosive boiling within this layer leads to particulate ejection from the sample. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The influence of plasma shielding on the coupling of laser energy to a target surface during picosecond pulsed laser–material interactions is demonstrated using a He and Ar gas atmosphere. An inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) is used to monitor the quantity of copper material removed during picosecond and nanosecond pulsed-laser sampling. The intensity of Cu i emission from the ICP-AES was found to be 16.4 times larger with He as the gas medium compared to Ar during picosecond laser sampling. It was also observed that depth of craters in the copper targets decreased as the gas pressure was increased beyond 10 Torr in Ar and 100 Torr in He. Possible mechanisms of shock waves, multiphoton ionization, and plasma shielding to explain these observations are discussed. For plasma shielding to occur in the picosecond time regime, the existence of high-energy photoelectrons emitted from a Cu sample during the leading edge of laser pulse is postulated. These electrons form a plasma in the gas above the target via an inverse bremsstrahlung process and the plasma absorbs part of laser energy. The electron density versus pressure was calculated from a simple model and found to have similar behavior as the crater-depth data.

Electronic Resource

1365-2222

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background A recent report provided evidence that a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 33 (ADAM33), a member of the ADAM family, is a novel susceptibility gene in asthma linked to bronchial hyper-responsiveness. However, there has been no investigation of the genetic role of ADAM33 variants in nasal allergy.Objective The purpose of this study was to test the association between ADAM33 polymorphisms and Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCPsis), a most common seasonal allergic rhinitis in Japan.Methods We conducted a case–control association study among a Japanese population, involving 95 adult individuals with JCPsis and 95 normal healthy controls. A total of 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADAM33 were genotyped using PCR-based molecular methods.Results Six SNPs of ADAM33 gene, three in introns (7575G/A, 9073G/A and 12540C/T) and three in the coding region (10918G/C, 12433T/C and 12462C/T), were strongly associated with JCPsis (P=0.0002−0.022 for absolute allele frequencies) and most of the SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium with each other. A higher frequency of the common alleles of these SNPs was noted for the subjects with JCPsis in comparison with healthy controls. We also identified a haplotype associated with the disease susceptibility. In addition, associations were found between ADAM33 polymorphisms and various cedar pollinosis phenotypes including clinical severity, eosinophil counts in nasal secretion and allergen-specific IgE levels in sera, but not total serum IgE levels.Conclusion These results indicate that polymorphisms in the ADAM33 gene are associated with susceptibility to allergic rhinitis due to Japanese cedar pollen, but the functional relationship still needs clarification.

Electronic Resource

1365-2222

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1365-2958

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Medicine

We previously described a mutation feeB1 conferring a temperature-sensitive filamentation phenotype and resistance to the calmodulin inhibitor 48/80 in Escherichia coli, which constitutes a single base change in the acceptor stem of the rare tRNA3Leu recognizing CUA codons. We now describe a second mutant, feeA1, unlinked to feeB, but displaying a similar phenotype, 48/80 resistance and a reduced growth rate at the permissive temperature, 30°C, and temperature-sensitive, forming short filaments at 42°C. In the feeA mutant, tRNA3Leu expression (but not that of tRNA1Leu) was reduced approximately fivefold relative to the wild type. We previously showed that the synthesis of β-galactosidase, which unusually requires the translation of 6-CUA codons, was substantially reduced, particularly at 42°C, in feeB mutants. The feeA mutant also shows drastically reduced synthesis of β-galactosidase at the non-permissive temperature and reduced levels even at the permissive temperature. We also show that increased copy numbers of the abundant tRNA1Leu, which can also read CUA codons at low efficiency, suppressed the effects of feeA1 under some conditions, providing further evidence that the mutant was deficient in CUA translation. This, and the previous study, demonstrates that mutations which either reduce the activity of tRNA3Leu or the cellular amount of tRNA3Leu confer resistance to the drug 48/80, with concomitant inhibition of cell division at 42°C.

Electronic Resource

1398-9995

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

We recently described a protective effect of the low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP) BC genotype, associated with the highest total enzymatic activity, against high serum IgE levels both in the English and the Italian populations. Here we test the hypothesis of a role of LMPTP in the negative modulation of IL-4 signal transduction checking for genetic interaction between interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4RA) genetic polymorphisms and LMPTP polymorphism in the predisposition to high total IgE levels in the English population. We find a significant interaction between LMPTP polymorphism and the intracellular Gln/Arg polymorphism in position 551 of IL-4RA. Our data support the hypothesis of a direct or indirect biochemical interaction between LMPTP and IL-4RA resulting in different modulation of IL-4 signal transduction among joint genotypes.

Electronic Resource

1365-2133

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background Data on genome-wide surveys for chromosome aberrations in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) are limited. Objectives To investigate genetic aberrations in CTCL. Methods We analysed 18 cases of Sézary syndrome (SS) and 16 cases of mycosis fungoides (MF) by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis, and correlated findings with the results of additional conventional cytogenetics, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and allelotyping studies. Results CGH analysis showed chromosome imbalances (CIs) in 19 of 34 CTCL cases (56%). The mean ± SD number of CIs per sample was 1·8 ± 2·4, with losses (1·2 ± 2·0) slightly more frequent than gains (0·6 ± 1·0). The most frequent losses involved chromosomes 1p (38%), 17p (21%), 10q/10 (15%) and 19 (15%), with minimal regions of deletion at 1p31p36 and 10q26. The commonly detected chromosomal gains involved 4/4q (18%), 18 (15%) and 17q/17 (12%). Both SS and late stages of MF showed a similar pattern of CIs, but no chromosomal changes were found in three patients with T1 stage MF. Of the 18 SS cases also analysed by cytogenetics, seven showed clonal chromosome abnormalities (39%). Five cases had structural aberrations affecting chromosomes 10 and 17, four demonstrated rearrangement of 1p and three revealed an abnormality of either 6q or 14q consistent with CGH findings. FISH analysis showed chromosome 1p and 17q rearrangements in five of 15 SS cases, and chromosome 10 abnormalities in four SS cases consistent with both the G-banded karyotype and the CGH results. In addition, allelotyping analysis of 33 MF patients using chromosome 1 markers suggested minimal regions of deletion at D1S228 (1p36), D1S2766 (1p22) and D1S397 (1q25). Conclusions These findings provide a comprehensive assessment of genetic abnormalities in CTCL and a rational approach for further studies.

Electronic Resource

1365-2133

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background  BCL2 is upregulated in nodal and extranodal B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, with a consequent antiapoptotic effect. However, loss of BCL2 has also been noted in some malignancies, suggesting a different molecular pathogenesis.Objectives  To investigate genomic and protein expression status of BCL2 and to compare the results with that of JUNB in primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs).Methods  We analysed gene copy number of BCL2 and JUNB in 88 DNA samples from 80 patients with PCL consisting of Sézary syndrome/mycosis fungoides (SS/MF), primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL) and primary cutaneous CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (C-ALCL) by the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Real-time PCR and IHC findings were subsequently compared with the results of additional fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of 23 cases of SS and Affymetrix cDNA expression microarray study of two primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) cell lines.Results  Real-time PCR analysis showed loss of BCL2 gene copy number in 22 of 80 PCL cases (28%), including 17 of 42 SS/MF, three of 13 C-ALCL and two of 33 PCBCL samples, and gain of BCL2 in four PCBCL samples. Gain of JUNB was identified in 18 of 71 PCL cases (25%), including nine of 35 SS/MF, seven of 13 C-ALCL and two of 31 PCBCL samples. IHC analysis revealed absent nuclear expression of BCL2 protein in 47 of 73 PCL cases, comprising 28 of 36 SS/MF, eight of eight C-ALCL and 11 of 29 PCBCL cases. In contrast, BCL2 protein expression was detected in 26 of 73 PCL cases, consisting of 18 of 29 PCBCL and eight of 36 SS/MF cases. JUNB protein expression was present in tumour cells from 30 of 33 of SS/MF and eight of eight C-ALCL, and was absent in tumour cells from 18 of 27 PCBCL cases. A comparison between BCL2 and JUNB revealed loss of BCL2 and gain of JUNB in five of 35 SS/MF samples, and expression of JUNB protein and absent BCL2 expression in 25 SS/MF and eight of eight C-ALCL cases. In contrast, expression of BCL2 and absent JUNB expression were detected in 67% of PCBCL cases. Additional FISH analysis revealed deletion of BCL2 in 19 of 23 SS cases (83%), including eight cases with BCL2 loss shown by real-time PCR. Furthermore, Affymetrix expression microarray demonstrated decreased expression of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic genes involved in BCL2 signalling pathways such as BOK, BIM, HRK, RASA1 and STAT2 in two CTCL cell lines with BCL2 loss and absent BCL2 expression. Increased expression of JUNB was also identified in the MF cell line.Conclusions  These findings provide a comprehensive assessment of BCL2 and JUNB status in PCL, and suggest that there is a selection pressure in a subset of CTCL cases for tumour cells showing BCL2 loss and upregulation of JUNB primarily through chromosomal deletion and amplification, respectively.

Electronic Resource

1365-2133

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a neoplasm of mature helper (CD4) T lymphocytes. Little is known, however, about the chromosome aberrations associated with the pathogenesis of this malignancy. Using molecular cytogenetic techniques we, therefore, investigated a 44-year-old man who had a 7-year history of ATLL with cutaneous involvement mimicking primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Conventional cytogenetics revealed gross chromosomal changes with chromosome numbers ranging from 71 to 82. There were structural abnormalities of chromosomes 7 and 9, partial deletions of chromosomes 1, 3, 5 and 6, and loss of chromosomes 2, 4, 9, 11–14, 21 and 22. Multiplex-fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) identified two derivative chromosomes, der(6)t(6;7)(q16;q21) and der(7)t(6;7)(q16;q21)ins(6;12)(q2?;?), and a deletion of chromosome 1p. Conventional FISH confirmed the M-FISH findings. Comparative genomic hybridization of the blood revealed gains of DNA copy number at 1q12–25, 6p24–25, 9p23, 16p13–q13, 17q11–21, 19p13 and 20q13 and loss at 11p15 while lymph nodes showed gains at 3p22–24, 3q27–29, 7q36 and 15q26 and losses at 2p24–25, 2q37, 10p14–15, 11p15, 13q33–34 and 16p13.3. No DNA copy number changes were seen in a skin lesion. These results show the extent of genetic abnormalities within this malignancy.

Electronic Resource

0022-2313

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource