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1S. Sawcer ; G. Hellenthal ; M. Pirinen ; C. C. Spencer ; N. A. Patsopoulos ; L. Moutsianas ; A. Dilthey ; Z. Su ; C. Freeman ; S. E. Hunt ; S. Edkins ; E. Gray ; D. R. Booth ; S. C. Potter ; A. Goris ; G. Band ; A. B. Oturai ; A. Strange ; J. Saarela ; C. Bellenguez ; B. Fontaine ; M. Gillman ; B. Hemmer ; R. Gwilliam ; F. Zipp ; A. Jayakumar ; R. Martin ; S. Leslie ; S. Hawkins ; E. Giannoulatou ; S. D'Alfonso ; H. Blackburn ; F. Martinelli Boneschi ; J. Liddle ; H. F. Harbo ; M. L. Perez ; A. Spurkland ; M. J. Waller ; M. P. Mycko ; M. Ricketts ; M. Comabella ; N. Hammond ; I. Kockum ; O. T. McCann ; M. Ban ; P. Whittaker ; A. Kemppinen ; P. Weston ; C. Hawkins ; S. Widaa ; J. Zajicek ; S. Dronov ; N. Robertson ; S. J. Bumpstead ; L. F. Barcellos ; R. Ravindrarajah ; R. Abraham ; L. Alfredsson ; K. Ardlie ; C. Aubin ; A. Baker ; K. Baker ; S. E. Baranzini ; L. Bergamaschi ; R. Bergamaschi ; A. Bernstein ; A. Berthele ; M. Boggild ; J. P. Bradfield ; D. Brassat ; S. A. Broadley ; D. Buck ; H. Butzkueven ; R. Capra ; W. M. Carroll ; P. Cavalla ; E. G. Celius ; S. Cepok ; R. Chiavacci ; F. Clerget-Darpoux ; K. Clysters ; G. Comi ; M. Cossburn ; I. Cournu-Rebeix ; M. B. Cox ; W. Cozen ; B. A. Cree ; A. H. Cross ; D. Cusi ; M. J. Daly ; E. Davis ; P. I. de Bakker ; M. Debouverie ; B. D'Hooghe M ; K. Dixon ; R. Dobosi ; B. Dubois ; D. Ellinghaus ; I. Elovaara ; F. Esposito ; C. Fontenille ; S. Foote ; A. Franke ; D. Galimberti ; A. Ghezzi ; J. Glessner ; R. Gomez ; O. Gout ; C. Graham ; S. F. Grant ; F. R. Guerini ; H. Hakonarson ; P. Hall ; A. Hamsten ; H. P. Hartung ; R. N. Heard ; S. Heath ; J. Hobart ; M. Hoshi ; C. Infante-Duarte ; G. Ingram ; W. Ingram ; T. Islam ; M. Jagodic ; M. Kabesch ; A. G. Kermode ; T. J. Kilpatrick ; C. Kim ; N. Klopp ; K. Koivisto ; M. Larsson ; M. Lathrop ; J. S. Lechner-Scott ; M. A. Leone ; V. Leppa ; U. Liljedahl ; I. L. Bomfim ; R. R. Lincoln ; J. Link ; J. Liu ; A. R. Lorentzen ; S. Lupoli ; F. Macciardi ; T. Mack ; M. Marriott ; V. Martinelli ; D. Mason ; J. L. McCauley ; F. Mentch ; I. L. Mero ; T. Mihalova ; X. Montalban ; J. Mottershead ; K. M. Myhr ; P. Naldi ; W. Ollier ; A. Page ; A. Palotie ; J. Pelletier ; L. Piccio ; T. Pickersgill ; F. Piehl ; S. Pobywajlo ; H. L. Quach ; P. P. Ramsay ; M. Reunanen ; R. Reynolds ; J. D. Rioux ; M. Rodegher ; S. Roesner ; J. P. Rubio ; I. M. Ruckert ; M. Salvetti ; E. Salvi ; A. Santaniello ; C. A. Schaefer ; S. Schreiber ; C. Schulze ; R. J. Scott ; F. Sellebjerg ; K. W. Selmaj ; D. Sexton ; L. Shen ; B. Simms-Acuna ; S. Skidmore ; P. M. Sleiman ; C. Smestad ; P. S. Sorensen ; H. B. Sondergaard ; J. Stankovich ; R. C. Strange ; A. M. Sulonen ; E. Sundqvist ; A. C. Syvanen ; F. Taddeo ; B. Taylor ; J. M. Blackwell ; P. Tienari ; E. Bramon ; A. Tourbah ; M. A. Brown ; E. Tronczynska ; J. P. Casas ; N. Tubridy ; A. Corvin ; J. Vickery ; J. Jankowski ; P. Villoslada ; H. S. Markus ; K. Wang ; C. G. Mathew ; J. Wason ; C. N. Palmer ; H. E. Wichmann ; R. Plomin ; E. Willoughby ; A. Rautanen ; J. Winkelmann ; M. Wittig ; R. C. Trembath ; J. Yaouanq ; A. C. Viswanathan ; H. Zhang ; N. W. Wood ; R. Zuvich ; P. Deloukas ; C. Langford ; A. Duncanson ; J. R. Oksenberg ; M. A. Pericak-Vance ; J. L. Haines ; T. Olsson ; J. Hillert ; A. J. Ivinson ; P. L. De Jager ; L. Peltonen ; G. J. Stewart ; D. A. Hafler ; S. L. Hauser ; G. McVean ; P. Donnelly ; A. Compston
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Published 2011Staff ViewPublication Date: 2011-08-13Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Alleles ; Cell Differentiation/immunology ; Europe/ethnology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; HLA-A Antigens/genetics ; HLA-DR Antigens/genetics ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular/genetics/*immunology ; Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics ; Multiple Sclerosis/*genetics/*immunology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Sample Size ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology/immunologyPublished by: -
2A. S. Morrissy ; L. Garzia ; D. J. Shih ; S. Zuyderduyn ; X. Huang ; P. Skowron ; M. Remke ; F. M. Cavalli ; V. Ramaswamy ; P. E. Lindsay ; S. Jelveh ; L. K. Donovan ; X. Wang ; B. Luu ; K. Zayne ; Y. Li ; C. Mayoh ; N. Thiessen ; E. Mercier ; K. L. Mungall ; Y. Ma ; K. Tse ; T. Zeng ; K. Shumansky ; A. J. Roth ; S. Shah ; H. Farooq ; N. Kijima ; B. L. Holgado ; J. J. Lee ; S. Matan-Lithwick ; J. Liu ; S. C. Mack ; A. Manno ; K. A. Michealraj ; C. Nor ; J. Peacock ; L. Qin ; J. Reimand ; A. Rolider ; Y. Y. Thompson ; X. Wu ; T. Pugh ; A. Ally ; M. Bilenky ; Y. S. Butterfield ; R. Carlsen ; Y. Cheng ; E. Chuah ; R. D. Corbett ; N. Dhalla ; A. He ; D. Lee ; H. I. Li ; W. Long ; M. Mayo ; P. Plettner ; J. Q. Qian ; J. E. Schein ; A. Tam ; T. Wong ; I. Birol ; Y. Zhao ; C. C. Faria ; J. Pimentel ; S. Nunes ; T. Shalaby ; M. Grotzer ; I. F. Pollack ; R. L. Hamilton ; X. N. Li ; A. E. Bendel ; D. W. Fults ; A. W. Walter ; T. Kumabe ; T. Tominaga ; V. P. Collins ; Y. J. Cho ; C. Hoffman ; D. Lyden ; J. H. Wisoff ; J. H. Garvin, Jr. ; D. S. Stearns ; L. Massimi ; U. Schuller ; J. Sterba ; K. Zitterbart ; S. Puget ; O. Ayrault ; S. E. Dunn ; D. P. Tirapelli ; C. G. Carlotti ; H. Wheeler ; A. R. Hallahan ; W. Ingram ; T. J. MacDonald ; J. J. Olson ; E. G. Van Meir ; J. Y. Lee ; K. C. Wang ; S. K. Kim ; B. K. Cho ; T. Pietsch ; G. Fleischhack ; S. Tippelt ; Y. S. Ra ; S. Bailey ; J. C. Lindsey ; S. C. Clifford ; C. G. Eberhart ; M. K. Cooper ; R. J. Packer ; M. Massimino ; M. L. Garre ; U. Bartels ; U. Tabori ; C. E. Hawkins ; P. Dirks ; E. Bouffet ; J. T. Rutka ; R. J. Wechsler-Reya ; W. A. Weiss ; L. S. Collier ; A. J. Dupuy ; A. Korshunov ; D. T. Jones ; M. Kool ; P. A. Northcott ; S. M. Pfister ; D. A. Largaespada ; A. J. Mungall ; R. A. Moore ; N. Jabado ; G. D. Bader ; S. J. Jones ; D. Malkin ; M. A. Marra ; M. D. Taylor
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Published 2016Staff ViewPublication Date: 2016-01-14Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsPublished by: -
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ISSN: 8755-4615Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: Computer ScienceEducationType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
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ISSN: 8755-4615Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: Computer ScienceEducationType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
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ISSN: 1476-4687Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsNotes: [Auszug] Tea mite is widespread and common, and though it can cause considerable leaf damage it has not been shown to reduce yields in Uganda8; it is readily controlled by DDT-miscible liquid sprays8. The cotton red mite is of doubtful taxonomic status2'4'5, and it would seem advisable to leave it as 'the ...Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
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ISSN: 1476-4687Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsNotes: [Auszug] The model is an 11-level atmospheric general-circulation model on a 5°x7.5° (latitude x longitude) horizontal grid coupled to a 50-m mixed-layer ocean with a prescribed sea-sonally and geographically varying oceanic heat convergence to represent heat advection by ocean currents8. In the ...Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
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ISSN: 1476-4687Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsNotes: [Auszug] Recent work at Serere in eastern Uganda suggests that this may not be true of the drier areas. Analysis of a large insecticidal experiment using DDT showed that a high degree of control of spiny bollworm (Earias spp., Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) was being obtained, as illustrated by the results from a ...Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
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ISSN: 1573-4803Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision MechanicsNotes: Abstract An investigation of the wettability of the intermetallic compound NiAl by a liquid Ni–4.5 wt% Si–3.2 wt% B filler metal is presented in this paper. Dynamic observations of spreading of Ni–Si–B droplets, conducted using hot-stage light microscopy, are correlated with post-cooling microscopy and analysis. The paper examines the influence of the oxide layer on the NiAl substrates, on the progression of spreading of the Ni–Si–B liquid. Termination of spreading of the Ni–Si–B droplets by the onset of isothermal solidification at the spreading front is considered. Spreading of the Ni–Si–B droplets was found to be rapid until the onset of isothermal solidification at the spreading front. However, once isothermal solidification commenced, negligible further spreading was observed. The Ni–Si–B filler metal was observed to spread by undermining of the substrate oxide. However, a marked reaction occurred between the substrate oxide and the Ni–Si–B filler metal. This reaction served to remove the substrate oxide layer. The paper contrasts the mechanisms of substrate oxide undermining and isothermal solidification of liquid Ni–Si–B droplets on NiAl with those occurring during the spreading of the same liquid on pure nickel and Ni–Cr alloys.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
9Mitchell, John F. B. ; Johns, T. C. ; Eagles, M. ; Ingram, W. J. ; Davis, R. A.
Springer
Published 1999Staff ViewISSN: 1573-1480Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: GeosciencesPhysicsNotes: Abstract Climate impacts assessments need regional scenarios of climate change for a wide range of projected emissions. General circulation models (GCMs) are the most promising approach to providing such information, but as yet there is considerable uncertainty in their regional projections and they are still too costly to run for a large number of emission scenarios. Simpler models have been used to estimate global-mean temperature changes under a range of scenarios. In this paper we investigate whether a fixed pattern from a GCM experiment scaled by global-mean temperature changes from a simple model provides an acceptable estimate of the regional climate change over a range of scenarios. Changes estimated using this approximate approach are evaluated by comparing them with results from ensembles of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Five specific emissions scenarios are considered. For increases in greenhouse gases only, the 'error' in annual mean temperature for the cases considered is smaller than the sampling error due to the model's internal variability. The method may break down for scenarios of stabilisation of concentrations, because the patterns change as the model approaches equilibrium. The inclusion of large local perturbations due to sulphate aerosols can lead to significant deviations of the temperature pattern from that obtained using greenhouse gases alone. Combining separate patterns for the responses to greenhouse gases and aerosols may improve the accuracy of approximation. Finally, the accuracy of the scaling approach is more difficult to assess for deriving changes in regional precipitation because many of the regional changes are not statistically significant in the climate change projections considered here. If precipitation changes are only marginally significant in other models, the apparent disagreement between different models may be as much due to sampling error as to genuine differences in model response.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
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ISSN: 1573-8248Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, NutritionDescription / Table of Contents: Résumé Cet article a pour base 20 mois de prospection et d'études en laboratoire des parasitoïdes deSpodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) à Chypre en 1971–72. Un échantillonnage régulier a révélé la présence de 19 autres macrolépidoptères faisant partie de l'écosystème, notammentS. exigua (Hbn.),Heliothis spp. et «Plusia». Ils sont attaqués par au moins 37 parasitoïdes primaires déterminés et par un seul parasitoïde secondaire. On donne de brèves indications sur leurs hôtes, leur fréquence, leurs plantes-hôtes et leur biologie. Les plus courants sont l'ichneumonideHyposoter didymator (Thnb.) et les braconides,Chelonus inanitus (L.),Meteorus unicolor (Wesm.) etMicroplitis rufiventris Kok. Presque tous les parasitoïdes sont polyphages et avec une large gamme de plantes-hôtes, ce qui semble améliorer la survie des parasitoïdes et permettre davantage de parasitisme des ravageurs principaux,S. littoralis etS. exigua. Le % de parasitisme varie considérablement suivant la situation; on trouve le plus élevé dans les champs de luzerne non traités et dans les cultures maraîchères non traitées et le plus bas dans les champs de pommes de terre et dans les cultures de légumes traitées. On recommande de réduire autant que possible les pulvérisations des cultures, de laisser pousser les mauvaises herbes, dans certaines conditions, de réaliser l'élevage en masse et la libération d'un parasitoïde endémique (C. inanitus) et de combler les lacunes du complexe parasitaire par l'introduction de parasitoïdes exotiques.Notes: Abstract This paper is based on 20 months survey and laboratory studies of the parasitoids ofSpodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lep.: Noctuidae) carried out in Cyprus in 1971–72. Regular sampling revealed the presence of 19 further macrolepidopterous members of the ecosystem, includingS. exigua (Hbn.),Heliothis spp. and “Plusia” spp. Attacking these were a complex of at least 37 named primary parasitoids and a single secondary parasitoid. The commonest were the ichneumonidHyposoter didymator (Thnb.) and the braconidsChelonus inanitus (L.),Meteorus unicolor (Wesm.) andMicroplitis rufiventris Kok. and notes on their hosts, hostplants and biology are given. Almost all of the parasitoids were polyphagous and this, together with a wide range of hostplants, appears to improve the carry-over of the parasitoids and permit for greater parasitism of the main pests,S. littoralis andS. exigua. The % parasitism is shown to vary greatly with the situation, being highest in unsprayed lucerne field and unsprayed market gardens, and lowest in potato fields and sprayed vegetable plots. Recommendations are made for possible reductions in crop spraying, permitting the growth of weeds, under certain conditions, mass-rearing and liberation of an endemic parasitoid (C. inanitus) and filling gaps in the parasite complex by the introduction of exotic parasitoids.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
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ISSN: 0003-276XKeywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental BiologySource: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000Topics: MedicineType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
12Fisher, C. ; Ingram, W. R. ; Hare, W. K. ; Ranson, S. W.
New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
Published 1935Staff ViewISSN: 0003-276XKeywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental BiologySource: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000Topics: MedicineAdditional Material: 9 Ill.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
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ISSN: 0003-276XKeywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental BiologySource: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000Topics: MedicineType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: