Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:Volkmann)

Volkmann, Harald [Herausgeber]; Gottschalk, Herbert [Sonstige]; Zeiss, Carl [Gefeierter]

Book

140 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.

German

1420-8903

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mathematics

Electronic Resource

1420-8903

Primary 39B10, 39B30

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mathematics

Electronic Resource

1420-8903

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mathematics

Electronic Resource

1420-8903

Primary 39B10, 39B30

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mathematics

Electronic Resource

2018-07-27

This paper aims at explaining the importance of the democracy stance as compared to the efficiency stance in order to deal with complexity in biodiversity conservation. While the efficiency stance refers to the realm of relatively simple systems, individual rationality, and instrumental values, the complexity stance transcends these boundaries into the realm of complex systems, social rationality and intrinsic values. We argue that the task of biodiversity conservation is impossible to achieve in economically efficient ways, because (a) it is impossible to come to a (fully informed) complete account of all values, not only because it is costly but also because (b) moral values are involved which (by their nature) exclude themselves from being accounted for, and (c) biodiversity conservation can be regarded as an end in itself instead of only a means towards an end. The point we raise is, that in order to cope with biodiversity conservation we need to apply valuation methods which are from the complexity stance, take better account of intrinsic values and feelings, as well as consider social rationality. Economic valuation methods are themselves 'value articulating institutions' and as biodiversity conservation confronts us with the complexity of social-ecological systems, the choice of the 'value articulating institutions' needs to consider their ability to capture instrumental and intrinsic values of biodiversity. We demonstrate a method, based on cybernetics, which is able to take into account the issues raised.

Ökologie ; Ecology ; Biodiversity conservation; efficiency; complexity; values; institutions ; Ökologie und Umwelt ; Ecology, Environment ; institutional factors ; conservation ; political factors ; value ; value-orientation ; economic efficiency ; biodiversity ; rationality ; environmental protection ; attitude ; method ; democracy ; performance ; institutionelle Faktoren ; Rationalität ; Wertorientierung ; Demokratie ; politische Faktoren ; Methode ; Biodiversität ; Naturschutz ; Wirtschaftlichkeit ; Leistungsfähigkeit ; Wert ; Umweltschutz ; Einstellung ; theory formation ; basic research ; Grundlagenforschung ; Theoriebildung

Arbeitspapier, working paper

2020-02-04

Das Projekt Lebenschancen im Quartier erforscht den Einfluss eines Stadtviertels auf die Möglichkeiten und Wahlfreiheiten bei der Lebensgestaltung seiner Bewohner_innen. Benachteiligungen bei der Realisierung von Lebenschancen entstehen aus dem Zusammenwirken von individuell fehlenden Ressourcen und fehlenden nahräumlichen Möglichkeiten, um sich wichtige Bedürfnisse zu erfüllen. Aufgrund unterschiedlicher Lebenssituationen und individuell unterschiedlicher Bedürfnisse und Möglichkeiten zu deren Befriedigung können die Wirkungen eines Quartiers auf seine Bewohnerschaft sehr unterschiedlich ausfallen. Statt von ‚benachteiligenden Quartieren‘ zu sprechen, betrachten wir daher benachteiligende Lebenslagen und verknüpfen diese mit stadträumlichen Lebensbedingungen. Der politische Fokus liegt damit auf den Fragen, wie für Menschen in schwierigen Lebenslagen die Möglichkeiten der Bedürfnisbefriedigung im Wohnumfeld verbessert werden und wie stadträumliche Bedingungen dazu beitragen können, den Bewohner_innen eine Erweiterung ihrer Ressourcen zu ermöglichen.

Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Sociology & anthropology ; Lebenschancen; Quartier; Einfluss; Lebensgestaltung; Handlungsspielräume; Kommune ; Siedlungssoziologie, Stadtsoziologie ; Sociology of Settlements and Housing, Urban Sociology ; Stadtteil ; sozialer Raum ; Sozialstruktur ; soziale Lage ; Bewohner ; Benachteiligung ; soziale Ungleichheit ; Bedürfnisbefriedigung ; soziale Chance ; Wohnort ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; city quarter ; social space ; social structure ; social situation ; inhabitant ; deprivation ; social inequality ; need satisfaction ; social opportunity ; place of residence ; Federal Republic of Germany

Kurzbericht, abridged report

2020-02-04

Ausgehend vom Befähigungsansatz untersucht die vorliegende Studie den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Wohnquartier und den Lebenschancen der Bewohner_innen. Lebenschancen konzipieren wir anhand von individuell bedeutsamen Bedürfnissen und erforschen, inwiefern der sozialräumliche Kontext auf die Möglichkeiten und Wahlfreiheiten bei der Bedürfniserfüllung wirkt. Unser Augenmerk liegt dabei auf dem Zusammenspiel zwischen Orten/Räumen der Bedürfnisbefriedigung und den individuell verfügbaren Ressourcen, um diese nutzen zu können. Aufgrund von diversifizierten Lebenslagen ist die Wirkung des Quartiers auf seine Bewohnerschaft sehr unterschiedlich. Daher fokussieren wir benachteiligende Lebenslagen im Quartier, anstatt von 'benachteiligenden Quartieren' zu sprechen. Benachteiligungen stellen wir dort fest, wo sowohl nahräumliche Möglichkeiten der Bedürfnisbefriedigung fehlen als auch die individuellen Ressourcen, die den Zugang zu Orten/Räumen der Bedürfnisbefriedigung gewährleisten.

Starting from the capability approach, the study examines the interference between neighborhood and individual life chances. We use the concept of basic needs to conceptualize life chances and analyze how a neighborhood determines the fulfillment of needs and the freedom of choice. Thus, we focus on the relation between the relevant facilities and infrastructures for the fulfillment of needs in places or spaces and the individual resources to make use of these facilities. Due to the diversity of social circumstances, neighborhoods have very different effects on their inhabitants. Instead of focusing on ‘disadvantaged neighborhoods’ we refer to disadvantaging life circumstances in neighborhoods. We particularly observe disadvantage whenever there is a lack of both, local facilities as well as individual resources.

Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Sociology & anthropology ; Lebenschancen; Quartier; Einfluss; Lebensgestaltung; Handlungsspielräume; Kommune ; Siedlungssoziologie, Stadtsoziologie ; Sociology of Settlements and Housing, Urban Sociology ; Stadtteil ; sozialer Raum ; Sozialstruktur ; soziale Lage ; Bewohner ; Benachteiligung ; soziale Ungleichheit ; Bedürfnisbefriedigung ; soziale Chance ; Wohnort ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; city quarter ; social space ; social structure ; social situation ; inhabitant ; deprivation ; social inequality ; need satisfaction ; social opportunity ; place of residence ; Federal Republic of Germany

Forschungsbericht, research report

2021-08-13

Der Beitrag lotet aus, inwiefern über den Begriff "Technikvertrauen" komplementär zu den in der Technikfolgenabschätzung bereits etablierten Begriffen "Akzeptanz" und "Akzeptabilität" ein konzeptueller Beitrag für eine ethische Technikbewertung geleistet werden kann. Es wird gezeigt, dass gerade für Digitaltechniken Aspekte der Angriffssicherheit besser adressiert werden können, weil hier an die Begrifflichkeiten der IT-Sicherheitsforschung angeschlossen werden kann. Zudem erlaubt "vertrauenswürdige Technik" eine bessere Einbeziehung von Laienperspektiven, da ein rational begründetes Vertrauen im Sinne von Risikoerwartungen interpersonell durch Expertisen vermittelt werden kann. Insbesondere für die Bewertung von Digitaltechniken kann "Technikvertrauen" somit eine Lücke zwischen Akzeptanz und Akzeptabilität schließen.

This article explores the potential for "trust in technology" to make a productive conceptual contribution to the ethical evaluation of technology, complementing the concepts of "acceptance" and "acceptability" already established in technology assessment. It shows that for digital technologies in particular, "trust" can better address aspects of security against attacks as it allows to integrate concepts of IT security. Furthermore, "trustworthy technology" allows for a better inclusion of lay perspectives, since rationally justified trust in the sense of risk expectations can be mediated interpersonally by experts. Especially for the evaluation of digital technologies, "trust in technology" can thus bridge a conceptual gap between acceptance and acceptability.

Technik, Technologie ; Technology (Applied sciences) ; IT security; digital technology; technology ethics ; Technikfolgenabschätzung ; Technology Assessment ; Digitalisierung ; Technologie ; Ethik ; Vertrauen ; Risikoabschätzung ; technology assessment ; digitalization ; technology ; ethics ; confidence ; risk assessment

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2025-04-15

30 Jahre nach der Wiedervereinigung sind ostdeutsche Städte von starker sozialer Segregation geprägt. Die Autor*innen gehen der Frage nach, wie es dazu kommen konnte. Am Beispiel der Stadt Halle (Saale) analysieren sie "Weichenstellungen" für die Stadtentwicklung und ihre Bedeutung für das Wohnverhalten unterschiedlicher Haushaltstypen. Im Fokus stehen dabei drei exemplarische Segregationsprozesse: die Gentrifizierung von Gründerzeitvierteln, der Wandel der Großwohnsiedlungen sowie die Suburbanisierung und Abwanderung in das Umland. So entsteht ein komplexes Bild über die Spezifika ostdeutscher Städte.

Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Sociology & anthropology ; City; Eastern Germany; Factors affecting social behavior; Founder's District; Groups of people; Großwohnsiedlung; Gründerzeitviertel; Habitation; Halle (Saale); Human geography; Large Housing Estate; Ostdeutschland; Space; Transformation; Urban Studies; Urban and municipal planning and policy ; Siedlungssoziologie, Stadtsoziologie ; Sociology of Settlements and Housing, Urban Sociology ; Architektur ; Kulturgeographie ; Gentrifizierung ; Geographie ; Gesellschaft ; Kunst ; Wiedervereinigung ; Stadtplanung ; Wohnen ; Stadtentwicklung ; Stadt ; Suburbanisierung ; DDR ; Segregation ; Raum ; Sozialgeographie ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Wohnsiedlung ; architecture ; cultural geography ; gentrification ; geography ; society ; art ; reunification ; urban planning ; residential behavior ; urban development ; town ; suburbanization ; German Democratic Republic (GDR) ; segregation ; zone ; social geography ; Federal Republic of Germany ; housing development

Monographie, monograph

2020-10-02

Gesellschaftliche Differenzierung bildete von jeher ein zentrales Thema soziologischer Gesellschaftstheorie. Von den Klassikern bis heute finden sich Modelle von unterschiedlichem Erklärungspotential für die Analyse moderner Gesellschaft. Gegenwärtig erweisen sich insbesondere Kombinationen von system- und akteurtheoretischen Herangehensweisen als ausbaufähig. Weitere mögliche Entwicklungsperspektiven der Differenzierungstheorie liegen in einer Verknüpfung mit ungleichheitstheoretischen Aspekten, in einem verstärkten Teilsystemvergleich und in einer Nutzung für soziologische Gegenwartsdiagnosen.

Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Sociology & anthropology ; Einführung; Gesellschaft; Introduction; Society; Sociological Theory; Sociology; Soziale Differenzierung; Soziologie; Soziologische Theorie ; Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie ; General Sociology, Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Sociology, Sociological Theories ; soziale Differenzierung ; Gesellschaftstheorie ; Bourdieu, P. ; Emergenz ; soziale Folgen ; social differentiation ; theory of society ; emergence ; social effects

Monographie, monograph

2018-07-27

Sociology & anthropology ; Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Wirtschaftssoziologie ; Sociology of Economics

Sammelwerksbeitrag, collection article

2020-08-14

Um Lebenschancen räumlich differenziert zu erfassen, stellt unser Beitrag in Anknüpfung an die Quartierseffekteforschung und den "capability approach" einen Ansatz vor, der Lebenschancen als räumlich strukturierte Möglichkeiten und Wahlfreiheiten bei der Erfüllung von Bedürfnissen konzipiert. Individuelle Ressourcen entscheiden darüber, welche Möglichkeitsräume der Bedürfnisbefriedigung erschlossen werden können. Dies ist abhängig von der Lebenslage und verändert sich im Lebensverlauf, womit sich auch die Rolle des Quartiers für die Lebenschancen ändert. Anstatt von "benachteiligenden Quartieren" zu sprechen, fokussieren wir auf benachteiligende Lebenslagen im Quartier.

In order to capture individual life chances and their spatial relations, the paper expands the neighbourhood effects research by referring to the capability approach. We conceptualise life chances as the opportunities and freedom to fulfil human needs, which is determined by individual resources. The opportunities and freedoms depend on the life circumstances and underly profound changes during life course, with corresponding changes of the neighbourhoods' significance for life chances. Instead of "disadvantaged neighbourhoods" we focus on disadvantaged life circumstances in neighbourhoods.

Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Sociology & anthropology ; Lebenschancen; Life chances; Neighbourhood effects; Quartierseffekte; Resources; Socio-spatial disadvantages ; Siedlungssoziologie, Stadtsoziologie ; Sociology of Settlements and Housing, Urban Sociology ; sozialer Raum ; Stadtteil ; Lebenswelt ; Lebenssituation ; Bedürfnisbefriedigung ; Benachteiligung ; soziale Lage ; Mobilität ; Nordrhein-Westfalen ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; social space ; city quarter ; lebenswelt ; life situation ; need satisfaction ; deprivation ; social situation ; mobility ; North Rhine-Westphalia ; Federal Republic of Germany

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2020-08-08

Der Artikel beschreibt, welches Angebot über einen moralpragmatischen Ansatz in der Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) konkret gemacht werden kann. Ethisch argumentierende TA, so die These, lässt sich mit John Dewey als eine Kartografie situativer Wertungskonflikte begreifen. Die entstehenden "moralischen Landkarten" zu konkreten technischen Entscheidungssituationen zielen darauf ab, den Bedarf an wissenschaftsgestützter, möglichst neutraler Beratung für den öffentlich-politischen Prozess zu ermitteln. Pragmatisch kann "Neutralität" allerdings nicht als normative Abstinenz verstanden werden. Vielmehr soll der Ausgang von einer Rekonstruktion der normativen Konflikte genommen werden, wobei die Wertvorstellungen, die in den Entscheidungssituationen technischen Handelns jeweils relevant sind, bewusst aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven erschlossen werden.

The article describes what a moral pragmatic approach in technology assessment (TA) can offer in practice. Our thesis, following John Dewey, is that argumentative ethical TA can be understood as a kind of cartography of situational value conflicts. The resulting "moral maps" aim to identify the need for scientific advice that informs public and political debate in specific decision-making situations as neutrally as possible. From a pragmatic perspective, however, "neutrality" does not entail normative abstinence. Rather, the point of departure is to re-construct the normative conflicts that are relevant in specific situations of technical decision making, deliberately approaching the values from multiple perspectives.

Technik, Technologie ; Technology (Applied sciences) ; moral pragmatism ; Technikfolgenabschätzung ; Technology Assessment ; Wertorientierung ; Neutralität ; Normativität ; Pragmatismus ; Ethik ; Dewey, J. ; Hermeneutik ; technology assessment ; value-orientation ; neutrality ; normativity ; pragmatism ; ethics ; hermeneutics

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

1550-7408

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Two strains of Trichomonas vaginalis, JH162A, with low pathogenicity, and Balt 44, with high pathogenicity, as well as one highly pathogenic strain, KV-1, of Tritrichomonas foetus were studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy.The protoplasmic faces (PFs) of the cell membranes of all three strains of both species had similar numbers of intramembranous particles (IMPs); however, the particles in the external faces (EFs) of these membranes were least abundant in Trichomonas vaginalis strain Balt 44 and most numerous in those of strain JH162A of this species. In Tritrichomonas foetus strain KV-1 the number of IMPs in the EF was close to but somewhat lower than that in the mild strain of the human urogenital trichomonad. In both species, the anterior, but not the recurrent, flagella had rosette-like formations, consisting of ∼9 to 12 IMPs on both the PFs and EFs. The numbers and distribution of the rosettes appeared to vary among different flagella and in different areas of individual flagella of a single organism belonging to either species. The freeze-fracture electron micrographs provided a more complete understanding of the fine structure of undulating membranes of Trichomonadinae, as represented by Trichomonas vaginalis, and of Tritrichomonadinae (the Tritrichomonas augusta-type), as exemplified by Tritrichomonas foetus, than was gained from previous transmission and scanning electron microscope studies. Typically three longitudinal rows of IMPs on the PF of the recurrent flagellum of Trichomonas vaginalis were noted in the area of attachment of this flagellum to the undulating membrane. The functional aspects of the various structures and differences between certain organelles revealed in the two trichomonad species by the freeze-fracture method are discussed.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

One of the important problems in bulk ferromagnetism is still the determination of magnetization as a function of temperature. The problem becomes more complicated when one tries to explain the magnetization of thin films near Tc. The experimental situation is far from clear, mainly because the experiments are difficult to perform. We have implemented a thermogravimetric technique using a modern microbalance to determine the magnetization behavior of thin films of pure Fe near Tc. We are able to obtain very precisely the films' magnetization, by measuring the force exerted over the films when they are imbedded in a fixed external magnetic field, with this technique. We prepared several samples of pure Fe films, evaporated in ultrahigh vacuum conditions onto Cu foils ranging in thickness between 50 and 300 nm and measured their magnetization near the critical point. The value of the Tc of the films is systematically lowered from the bulk Tc, being 342 K lower for the 50 nm films. The magnetization curves show a dependence on the temperature as a series containing terms in (T/Tc)3/2, (T/Tc)5/2, and (T/Tc)7/2 at temperatures low compared with Tc. Near Tc, the magnetization decreases linearly on temperature for films of all thicknesses. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Co–Pd alloy melts are characterized by a low heat of fusion and, as a consequence, by a comparably small critical undercooling for the hypercooling limit ΔThyp of the order of 300 K. It is shown that containerless processing of bulk melts by electromagnetic levitation offers undercooling levels of ΔT(approximate)350 K thus exceeding the hypercooling limit considerably. Solidification of undercooled melts from the hypercooling regime leads to rapid crystallization of the entire sample under nonequilibrium conditions. The electromagnetic levitation technique in combination with time-resolved recalescence detection was used to measure the growth velocity of Co–Pd alloy melts as a function of undercooling prior to solidification. The growth velocities of undercooled metallic melts were measured in an undercooling range exceeding the hypercooling limit. The experimental results are discussed within current theory of dendritic growth. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Electromagnetic levitation was used to melt and solidify containerlessly Nd–Fe–B alloys. A method was developed to reduce and evaporate stable solid Nd oxides at the surface of the liquid samples. The oxides otherwise limit the undercoolability of the highly reactive Nd-based alloys. In such a way, undercoolings up to 150 K of the levitation processed samples were achieved. Owing to the large undercooling range, the intermetallic Nd2Fe14B1 phase with the hard magnetic properties was primarily crystallized at undercoolings exceeding 50 K. Solidification of the pro-peritectic γ-Fe with soft magnetic properties was successfully suppressed. At the largest undercoolings, a metastable phase, likely to be of the composition Nd2Fe17Bx (x(approximate)1) is primarily formed while the crystallization of Nd2Fe14B1 phase is followed up in a subsequent step. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1467-8551

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Economics

The rise and fall of the ‘New Economy’ at the turn of the millennium, most visibly evidenced by the stellar rise and subsequent collapse of the Nasdaq composite index of technology stocks, represents one of the most significant business phenomena in recent times. This paper examines the ‘New Economy’ phenomenon as a culturally embedded discourse through an analysis of 133 print advertisements collected from the UK edition of the Financial Times between February and December 2000. It investigates the social construction of the concept ‘New Economy’ in a rapidly changing business environment. The contribution of the paper lies in the empirical study of discursive phenomena in late capitalist societies. From a discursive perspective, the ‘New Economy’ can be seen as a signifier that points to itself, whose form is its very content. The paper suggests the ‘New Economy’ must be understood in terms of its ability to accommodate multiple meanings, and it is this very ability which is profoundly ideological, in that it allows essentially socio-historical obsessions and anxieties (e.g. about novelty and change) to appear as seemingly ‘natural’ or logical behaviour.

Electronic Resource

1089-7690

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Using high-resolution ellipsometry and stray light intensity measurements, we have investigated during successive heating-cooling cycles the optical thickness and surface roughness of thin dotriacontane (n-C32H66) films adsorbed from a heptane (n-C7H16) solution onto SiO2-coated Si(100) single-crystal substrates. Our results suggest a model of a solid dotriacontane film that has a phase closest to the SiO2 surface in which the long-axis of the molecules is oriented parallel to the interface. Above this "parallel film" phase, a solid monolayer adsorbs in which the molecules are oriented perpendicular to the interface. At still higher coverages and at temperatures below the bulk melting point at Tb=341 K, solid bulk particles coexist on top of the "perpendicular film." For higher temperatures in the range Tb〈T〈Ts where Ts=345 K is the wetting temperature of the bulk phase, the coexisting bulk particles melt into droplets; and for T〉Ts, a uniformly thick fluid film wets to the parallel film phase. This structure of the alkane/SiO2 interfacial region differs qualitatively from that which occurs in the surface freezing effect at the bulk alkane fluid/vapor interface. In that case, there is again a perpendicular film phase adjacent to the air interface but no parallel film phase intervenes between it and the bulk alkane fluid. Similarities and differences between our model of the alkane/SiO2 interface and one proposed recently will be discussed. Our ellipsometric measurements also show evidence of a crystalline-to-plastic transition in the perpendicular film phase similar to that occurring in the solid bulk particles present at higher coverages. In addition, we have performed high-resolution ellipsometry and stray-light measurements on dotriacontane films deposited from solution onto highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrates. After film deposition, these substrates proved to be less stable in air than SiO2. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource