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1Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressA.M. Baldini, E. Baracchini, G. Cavoto, F. Cei, M. Chiappini, G. Chiarello, C. Chiri, M. Francesconi, L. Galli, F. Grancagnolo, M. Grassi, M. Hildebrandt, V. Martinelli, M. Meucci, D. Nicolò, M. Panareo, A. Papa, A. Pepino, B. Pruneti, F. Raffaelli, F. Renga, E. Ripiccini, G. Signorelli, G.F. Tassielli and C. Voena
Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP)
Published 2018Staff ViewPublication Date: 2018-06-27Publisher: Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP)Electronic ISSN: 1748-0221Topics: PhysicsPublished by: -
2Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressS. Sawcer ; G. Hellenthal ; M. Pirinen ; C. C. Spencer ; N. A. Patsopoulos ; L. Moutsianas ; A. Dilthey ; Z. Su ; C. Freeman ; S. E. Hunt ; S. Edkins ; E. Gray ; D. R. Booth ; S. C. Potter ; A. Goris ; G. Band ; A. B. Oturai ; A. Strange ; J. Saarela ; C. Bellenguez ; B. Fontaine ; M. Gillman ; B. Hemmer ; R. Gwilliam ; F. Zipp ; A. Jayakumar ; R. Martin ; S. Leslie ; S. Hawkins ; E. Giannoulatou ; S. D'Alfonso ; H. Blackburn ; F. Martinelli Boneschi ; J. Liddle ; H. F. Harbo ; M. L. Perez ; A. Spurkland ; M. J. Waller ; M. P. Mycko ; M. Ricketts ; M. Comabella ; N. Hammond ; I. Kockum ; O. T. McCann ; M. Ban ; P. Whittaker ; A. Kemppinen ; P. Weston ; C. Hawkins ; S. Widaa ; J. Zajicek ; S. Dronov ; N. Robertson ; S. J. Bumpstead ; L. F. Barcellos ; R. Ravindrarajah ; R. Abraham ; L. Alfredsson ; K. Ardlie ; C. Aubin ; A. Baker ; K. Baker ; S. E. Baranzini ; L. Bergamaschi ; R. Bergamaschi ; A. Bernstein ; A. Berthele ; M. Boggild ; J. P. Bradfield ; D. Brassat ; S. A. Broadley ; D. Buck ; H. Butzkueven ; R. Capra ; W. M. Carroll ; P. Cavalla ; E. G. Celius ; S. Cepok ; R. Chiavacci ; F. Clerget-Darpoux ; K. Clysters ; G. Comi ; M. Cossburn ; I. Cournu-Rebeix ; M. B. Cox ; W. Cozen ; B. A. Cree ; A. H. Cross ; D. Cusi ; M. J. Daly ; E. Davis ; P. I. de Bakker ; M. Debouverie ; B. D'Hooghe M ; K. Dixon ; R. Dobosi ; B. Dubois ; D. Ellinghaus ; I. Elovaara ; F. Esposito ; C. Fontenille ; S. Foote ; A. Franke ; D. Galimberti ; A. Ghezzi ; J. Glessner ; R. Gomez ; O. Gout ; C. Graham ; S. F. Grant ; F. R. Guerini ; H. Hakonarson ; P. Hall ; A. Hamsten ; H. P. Hartung ; R. N. Heard ; S. Heath ; J. Hobart ; M. Hoshi ; C. Infante-Duarte ; G. Ingram ; W. Ingram ; T. Islam ; M. Jagodic ; M. Kabesch ; A. G. Kermode ; T. J. Kilpatrick ; C. Kim ; N. Klopp ; K. Koivisto ; M. Larsson ; M. Lathrop ; J. S. Lechner-Scott ; M. A. Leone ; V. Leppa ; U. Liljedahl ; I. L. Bomfim ; R. R. Lincoln ; J. Link ; J. Liu ; A. R. Lorentzen ; S. Lupoli ; F. Macciardi ; T. Mack ; M. Marriott ; V. Martinelli ; D. Mason ; J. L. McCauley ; F. Mentch ; I. L. Mero ; T. Mihalova ; X. Montalban ; J. Mottershead ; K. M. Myhr ; P. Naldi ; W. Ollier ; A. Page ; A. Palotie ; J. Pelletier ; L. Piccio ; T. Pickersgill ; F. Piehl ; S. Pobywajlo ; H. L. Quach ; P. P. Ramsay ; M. Reunanen ; R. Reynolds ; J. D. Rioux ; M. Rodegher ; S. Roesner ; J. P. Rubio ; I. M. Ruckert ; M. Salvetti ; E. Salvi ; A. Santaniello ; C. A. Schaefer ; S. Schreiber ; C. Schulze ; R. J. Scott ; F. Sellebjerg ; K. W. Selmaj ; D. Sexton ; L. Shen ; B. Simms-Acuna ; S. Skidmore ; P. M. Sleiman ; C. Smestad ; P. S. Sorensen ; H. B. Sondergaard ; J. Stankovich ; R. C. Strange ; A. M. Sulonen ; E. Sundqvist ; A. C. Syvanen ; F. Taddeo ; B. Taylor ; J. M. Blackwell ; P. Tienari ; E. Bramon ; A. Tourbah ; M. A. Brown ; E. Tronczynska ; J. P. Casas ; N. Tubridy ; A. Corvin ; J. Vickery ; J. Jankowski ; P. Villoslada ; H. S. Markus ; K. Wang ; C. G. Mathew ; J. Wason ; C. N. Palmer ; H. E. Wichmann ; R. Plomin ; E. Willoughby ; A. Rautanen ; J. Winkelmann ; M. Wittig ; R. C. Trembath ; J. Yaouanq ; A. C. Viswanathan ; H. Zhang ; N. W. Wood ; R. Zuvich ; P. Deloukas ; C. Langford ; A. Duncanson ; J. R. Oksenberg ; M. A. Pericak-Vance ; J. L. Haines ; T. Olsson ; J. Hillert ; A. J. Ivinson ; P. L. De Jager ; L. Peltonen ; G. J. Stewart ; D. A. Hafler ; S. L. Hauser ; G. McVean ; P. Donnelly ; A. Compston
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Published 2011Staff ViewPublication Date: 2011-08-13Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Alleles ; Cell Differentiation/immunology ; Europe/ethnology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; HLA-A Antigens/genetics ; HLA-DR Antigens/genetics ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular/genetics/*immunology ; Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics ; Multiple Sclerosis/*genetics/*immunology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Sample Size ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology/immunologyPublished by: -
3Articles: DFG German National LicensesBaldo, A. ; Sammarco, E. ; Plaitano, R. ; Martinelli, V. ; Monfrecola, G.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
Published 2002Staff ViewISSN: 1365-2133Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Summary Background There are several reports of the efficacy of broadband ultraviolet (UV) phototherapy in the treatment of pruritus associated with polycythaemia vera. Objectives To evaluate whether narrowband (TL-01) UVB phototherapy is also effective in treating this condition. Methods Ten patients with pruritus associated with polycythaemia vera were treated with narrowband (TL-01) UVB phototherapy. The first irradiation dose was 2/3 of the minimal erythema dose; the treatment schedule consisted of three irradiation sessions per week, with dose increments of 10% each session for skin types I and II, and 15% for skin types III and IV. Results Patients reported a marked relief of symptoms after an average of six treatments (median cumulative dose 1851·52 mJ cm−2, range 1180·4–2468·4). A complete remission of the pruritus occurred within 2–10 weeks of treatment (median cumulative dose 5371·46 mJ cm−2, range 3271·2–7336·3) in eight of 10 patients. Two patients had only a partial and temporary relief of pruritus after two cycles of treatment and a cumulative dose of 3271·2 mJ cm−2. Conclusions Narrowband UVB phototherapy is effective for treatment of pruritus associated with polycythaemia vera, and has the advantage of being less erythemogenic than broadband UVB.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
4Articles: DFG German National LicensesEoli, M. ; Ferrarini, M. ; Dufour, A. ; Heltaj, S. ; Bevilacqua, L. ; Comi, G. ; Cosi, V. ; Filippini, G. ; Martinelli, V. ; Milanese, C. ; LaMantia, L. ; Salmaggi, A.
Springer
Published 1993Staff ViewISSN: 1432-1459Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; T-cell subsetsSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract Abnormalities of T-cell subsets in patients with multiple sclerosis are well known; in order to assess whether immunological abnormalities are relevant in the pathogenesis of the disease after its clinical onset, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD4+ CD45RA+, CD4+CD45RA−, CD8+, CD8+CD57+, CD57+, CD25+) were analysed serially in 25 patients at the first clinical episode suggestive of inflammatory demyelinating disease and in an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls. During the follow-up period (12–18 months, mean 14) 6 of 25 patients presented new relapses: in this subgroup of patients, significant changes in CD4+ ratio (% CD4+CD45RA−/%CD4+CD45RA−) were detected in comparison both with healthy controls and with clinically stable patients. Patients clinically stable at follow-up did not display immunological abnormalities, regardless of the presence or absence of cerebrospinal fluid and/or magnetic resonance imaging alterations consistent with multiple sclerosis. These findings suggest a possible prognostic role of early T-cell subset imbalance in multiple sclerosis.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
5Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1122-0732Topics: Art HistoryURL: -
6Articles: DFG German National LicensesMartinelli, V. ; Comi, G. ; Rovaris, M. ; Filippi, M. ; Colombo, B. ; Locatelli, T. ; Campi, A. ; Rodegher, M. ; Canal, N.
Springer
Published 1995Staff ViewISSN: 1432-1459Keywords: Acute myelopathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Evoked potentials ; Multiple sclerosisSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract Brain and spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multimodal evoked potentials (EPs) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis were performed in 27 patients with acute myelopathy of unknown aetiology (AMUA), to detect the diagnostic and prognostic values of paraclinical tests at presentation. Spinal cord MRI was abnormal in 56% and brain MRI in 33% of the patients. Visual EPs were abnormal in 7%, median somatosensory EPs in 17%, tibial somatosensory EPs in 56% and motor EPs in 35% of the cases examined. Brain-stem acoustic EPs were normal in all the patients. CSF oligoclonal bands (OBs) were detected in 30% of cases. The patients were divided into subgroups according to the short-term clinical outcome (complete, partial or absent recovery). There were no significant differences among the three groups as regards MRI findings. Patients with complete recovery showed a significantly lower frequency of tibial somatosensory EP and motor EP abnormalities. According to the paraclinical findings at onset and on the basis of a long-term clinical follow-up (mean duration 24 months), 6 patients were diagnosed as having clinically definite multiple sclerosis, while 21 did not develop further neurological disturbances. Only the presence of CSF OBs was significantly more frequent in patients with definite multiple sclerosis. Our study indicates that EPs exploring spinal cord function are more powerful than spinal MRI for predicting the short-term outcome of AMUA, while the combined use of brain MRI and CSF OBs has the highest negative predictive value for the subsequent development of clinically definite multiple sclerosis.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
7Articles: DFG German National LicensesGhezzi, A. ; Martinelli, V. ; Torri, V. ; Zaffaroni, M. ; Rodegher, M. ; Comi, G. ; Zibetti, A. ; Canal, N.
Springer
Published 1999Staff ViewISSN: 1432-1459Keywords: Key words Optic neuritis ; Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance ; imaging ; CSF examination ; Oligoclonal bands ; Evoked ; potentialsSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract We evaluated the risk of developing clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) after an acute attack of isolated optic neuritis (ON) in 112 patients, in relation to demographic and paraclinical findings. Patients were examined by brain MRI, CSF analysis, and multiple evoked potentials (EPs); 10 were lost to follow-up, and the other 102 were enrolled in a prospective study (follow-up duration 6.3 ± 2.2 years). Of these, 37 (36.3%) developed CDMS after a mean interval of 2.3 ± 1.6 years. The risk of developing CDMS was 13% after 2 years, 30% after 4, 37% after 6, and 42% after 8 and 10 years. Gender, age, and season of ON onset did not affect the risk. MS occurred in 37 of 71 patients (52.1%) with one MRI lesion or more; no patient with a normal MRI developed the disease. MS developed more frequently in patients with intrathecal IgG synthesis than in those without (43% vs. 28%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Multiple EPs showed a slight predictive value only including somatosensory EPs of the lower limb. Multiple sclerosis was mild in most cases (EDSS 2.2 ± 1.9). The EDSS was less than 4 in 32 cases (86%), between 4 and 6 in 2 (5%), higher than 6.5 in 3 (8%).Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
8Articles: DFG German National LicensesFilippi, M. ; Martinelli, V. ; Locatelli, T. ; Medaglini, S. ; Poggi, A. ; Visciani, A. ; Scotti, G. ; Canal, N. ; Comi, G.
Springer
Published 1990Staff ViewISSN: 1432-1459Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Myelopathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Evoked potentialsSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Summary Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multimodality evoked potentials (EPs) and cerebrospinal fluid examination were performed in 42 patients with myelopathy of undetermined aetiology in order to detect abnormalities usually related to multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients were divided into three groups: insidious-onset myelopathy with only motor signs (group A; 11 patients), with both motor and sensory signs (group B; 18 patients) and acute-onset myelopathy (group C; 13 patients). Multiple brain MRI lesions were found in 18 patients (2 of group A, 13 of group B and 3 of group C). Another 7 patients had a single white-matter lesion. Visual EPs were abnormal in 21 and brain-stem auditory EPs in 12 patients. Paraclinical tests supported the diagnosis of MS in 25 patients (60%) by showing subclinical brain abnormalities. Oligoclonal bands were found in 16 of these 25 patients. The findings strongly suggest a diagnosis of MS in the patients of group B.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
9Articles: DFG German National LicensesComi, G. ; Martinelli, V. ; Medaglini, S. ; Locatelli, T. ; Filippi, M. ; Canal, N. ; Triulzi, F. ; Maschio, A.
Springer
Published 1989Staff ViewISSN: 1432-1459Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Diagnosis ; Electrophysiological tests ; Magnetic resonance imagingSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Summary Sixty multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (33 definite, 13 probale and 14 suspected were investigated by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multimodality evoked potentials (EPs) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) electrophoresis. MRI abnormalities were found in 50 cases, while at least one abnormal evoked potential was detected in each of 52 cases. Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials were more sensitive than MRI for the detection of brainstem involvement. All the patients with oligoclonal bands had abnormal MRI and none of the patients with normal MRI had oligoclonal bands in the CSF. The number and the extent of MRI lesions were significantly correlated with the duration of disease and with the degree of disability. Our observations stress the importance of the combined use of MRI and EPs in detecting silent CNS lesions in MS patients.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
10Articles: DFG German National LicensesMartinelli, V. ; Piatti, P. M. ; Filippi, M. ; Pacchioni, M. ; Pastore, M. R. ; Canal, N. ; Comi, G.
Springer
Published 1992Staff ViewISSN: 1432-5233Keywords: Visual evoked potentials ; Hyperglycaemic clamp ; Central nervous conductionSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract Multimodality evoked potentials frequently reveal subclinical involvement of the central nervous system in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We devised this study to evaluate the possible effects of acute hyperglycaemia on visual evoked potential (VEP) parameters in type 1 diabetic patients. A hyperglycaemic clamp (250 mg/dl for 180 min) was performed in ten patients. Monocular pattern reversal VEPs (check size 15′, contrast 50%) were recorded before, and every 30 min after the start of the clamp. Basal VEP latencies and amplitudes were normal bilaterally in nine patients. No significant changes in pattern reversal and flash VEP parameters were observed after the induction or during the clamp period. None of the neurophysiological parameters evaluated during the test was related to the duration of the disease, the basal VEP latency or amplitude or the presence of retinopathy. Our data suggest that the neurophysiological abnormalities detected in insulin-dependent diabetic patients are due to structural involvement of the central nervous pathways and not to functional damage induced by acute short-term hyperglycaemia.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
11Articles: DFG German National LicensesIlluminati, G. ; Calio, F. G. ; Mangialardi, N. ; Bertagni, A. ; Vietri, F. ; Martinelli, V.
Springer
Published 1996Staff ViewISSN: 1435-2451Keywords: Aortoiliakale Erkrankung ; Atherosklerose ; Chirurgie extraanatomische RevaskularisierungSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineDescription / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden 51 axillofemorale By-passoperationen aus dem Zeitraum Januar 1989 bis Dezember 1994 retrospektiv analysiert. Die postoperative Mortalitätsrate (nach 30 Tagen) betrug 4%. Bei 7 Patienten (14%) traten am Graft Komplikationen ein, so daß 6 von ihnen reoperiert werden mußten. In die Nachuntersuchung (mittleres Follow-up: 36 Monate, Spanne: 16–74 Monate) konnten 5 Patienten nicht einbezogen werden. Während der Follow-up-Periode verstarben 49% der Patienten. Nach 36 Monaten betrug die primäre Durchflußwiederherstellungsrate 51%, die sekundäre 69%, die Sanierungsrate im betroffenen Glied 87%. Statistisch gab es nach 36 Monaten bei der sekundären Durchflußwiederherstellungsrate einen Unterschied zwischen axillo-bifemoralen (87%) und axillo-uni-femoralem Bypass (56%) (p〈0,01), aber hinsichtlich der Heilungsrate gab es zu diesem Zeitpunkt zwischen den beiden Bypass-Arten keinen signifikanten Unterschied (94% vs. 81%). Die postoperative Mortalitätsrate war bei 20 Patienten (40%), die wegen akuter Ischämie operiert worden waren, signifikant höher (10% vs. 0%); ebenso die Amputationsrate (20% vs. 6,6%); signifikant niedriger hingegen war die Durchflußwiederherstellungsrate nach Bypass (26% vs. 63%) (p〈0,01) —im Vergleich zu 30 Patienten (60%), die wegen Claudicatio, Ruheschmerz oder trophischen Ulzera operiert worden waren. Nach unseren Untersuchungen sind die Ergebnisse bei axillofemoralen Bypassoperationen entscheidend abhängig von der Auswahl der Patienten gemäß klinischem Zustand und ischämischen Symptomen. Die Gesamtergebnisse nach axillofemoralem Bypass sind schlechter als nach aortofemoralem Bypass, und darum sollte die erstgenannte Operation nur bei Patienten angewendet werden, bei denen die Abklemmung der Aorta ein hohes Risiko darstellen würde.Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to review our results with axillofemoral by-passes performed for aortoiliac occlusive disease. Fifty patients receiving 51 axillofemoral by-passes from January 1989 to December 1994 were retrospectively reviewed. The 30-day post-operative mortality was 4%. Seven patients (14%) presented graft-related local complications and all but one required reoperation. Five patients were lost to follow-up, the mean length of which was 36 months (16–74 months). Forty-nine per cent of the patients died during the follow-up period. At 36 months, the primary patency rate was 51%, the secondary patency rate was 69%, and limb valvage rate was 87%. A statistical difference was seen in the secondary patency rate between axillobifemoral by-pass (87%) and axillo-unifemoral by-pass (56%) at 36 months (P〈0.01), but no difference was seen in the limb salvage rate at 36 months between the two configurations of the by-pass (94% vs 81 %) (P=NS). Twenty patients (40%) operated upon for acute ischemia had a significantly higher post-operative mortality rate (10% vs 0), a significantly higher amputation rate (20% vs 6.6%) and a significantly lower patency rate of by-pass (26% vs 63%) (P〈0.01), than the 30 patients (60%) operated on for claudication, rest pain or trophic ulcers. Our findings indicate that the results of axillofemoral by-pass are significantly influenced by the selection of patients for operation, namely the clinical status of ischaemic symptoms, and that since the overall results of axillofemoral by-pass are inferior to those of aortofemoral by-pass, this treatment should be restricted to patients at high risk of aortic clamping.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
12Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1435-2451Keywords: Key words Limb-threatening ischemia ; Distal revascularization ; Tibial arterySource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the results of anatomically tunneled grafts to the anterior tibial artery for distal revascularization in terms of patency and limb salvage rates as well as local morbidity, which can lengthen the postoperative hospital stay. Twenty-three patients received 24 bypasses to the anterior tibial artery, with grafts tunneled through the interosseous membrane. The mean age was 67 years; 10 patients were diabetic, 12 were smokers, 9 presented with significant coronary artery disease, and 2 with chronic renal insufficiency. The donor vessel was the common femoral artery in 17 cases, the superficial femoral artery in 4, and the infra-articular popliteal artery in 3. The graft material consisted in the reversed saphenous vein in 4 cases, the non-reversed devalvulated ex situ saphenous vein in 11, composite polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) + inversed saphenous vein in 6, and PTFE alone in 3 cases. No postoperative mortality was observed, nor was there postoperative graft occlusion or need for major amputation. The average postoperative length of stay in the hospital was 9.7 days. Two local surgical wound complications were observed, which did not necessitate a postoperative hospital stay exceeding 15 days. Cumulative primary patency and limb salvage rates at 3 years were 50% and 70%, respectively. Anatomic tunneling of grafts to the anterior tibial artery yields patency and limb salvage rates comparable to those reported in the literature for distal bypasses and, considered overall, an acceptably low local morbidity and short hospital stay. Definitive superiority over externally tunneled grafts, however, is not definitely demonstrated by this study and should be prospectively tested.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
13Articles: DFG German National LicensesLeocani, L. ; Magnani, G. ; Locatelli, T. ; Martinelli, V. ; Rovaris, M. ; Filippi, M. ; Falautano, M. ; Santuccio, G. ; Possa, F. ; Comi, G.
Springer
Published 1998Staff ViewISSN: 1590-3478Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; EEG ; Coherence Movement-related potentials ; Reaction time ; Cognitive impairmentSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineDescription / Table of Contents: Sommario Il coinvolgimento cognitivo è una frequente complicanza della sclerosi multipla (SM), generalmente come demenza sottocorticale. Al fine di valutare le connessioni funzionali cortico-corticali nella SM, abbiamo studiato la coerenza dell'elettroencefalogramma (EEG) in un gruppo di 21 pazienti con SM clinicamente deftnita. I pazienti sono stati inoltre sottoposti a risonanza magnetica (RM) e valutazione neuropsicologica. I pazienti con deficit cognitivi presentavano, rispetto ai pazienti senza deficit, una riduzione della coerenza di banda alfa e theta, nelle derivazioni a breve e a lunga distanza. La coerenza anteroposteriore ed interemisferica era significativamente correlata col cortco lesionale RM immediatamente sottostante la corteccia e non con le lesioni periventricolari. Questi dati supportano l'ipotesi the il coinvolgimento cognitivo nella sclerosi multipla sia principalmente correlato a demielinizzazione o perdita assonale delle connessioni cortico-corticali. In un altro studio abbiamo valutato i correaaai neuropsicologici dei deficit frontali. I lobi frontali hanno un ruolo fondamentale nella programmazione ed esecuzione del movimento. Abbiamo valutato il potenziale movimento-correlato (MRP) in pazienti SM con e senza deficit frontali. Il tempo di reazione manuale al test di Stroop, the valuta le funzioni esecutive, e le componenti del MRP erano ritardate in entrambi i gruppi di pazienti rispetto ai soggetti normali e nei pazienti frontali rispetto ai non frontali. Questi dati suggeriscono the il coinvolgimento cognitivo frontale nella SM corrisponde a un'alterazione dell'attività bioelettrica anche durante un compito motorio semplice.Notes: Abstract Cognitive impairment is a frequent complication of multiple sclerosis (MS), generally reflecting subcortical dementia. In order to explore functional cortico-cortical connections in MS, we studied electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence in a group of 21 clinically defined MS patients. Patients also underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological examinations. Compared to unimpaired MS patients, cognitively involved patients had reduced short-distance and long-distance theta and alpha band coherencies. Anteroposterior and interhemispheric coherencies were significantly correlated with MRI lesion load immediately underlying cortex but not were exclusively associated with periventricular lesions. These data support the hypothesis that cognitive impairment in MS is mostly related to demyelination or axonal loss of cortico-cortical connections. In a second study, we evaluated the neurophysiological correlates of frontal lobe dysfunction. Frontal lobes are also involved in motor planning and execution. We evaluated the EEG movement-related potential (MRP) in MS patients with and without frontal neuropsychological deficits. Reaction times to the Stroop test, which evaluates frontal functions, and MRP components were delayed in both MS groups compared to normal subjects and in frontal compared to nonfrontal MS patients. These data suggest that frontal cognitive involvement in MS corresponds to abnormal bioelectrical activity also during simple motor tasks.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
14Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1590-3478Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Cognitive dysfunction PET ; Event-related potentialsSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineDescription / Table of Contents: Sommario Solo negli ultimi anni sono stati raggiunti significativi risultati nella conoscenza della fisiopatologia dei disturbi cognitivi nella sclerosi multipla (SM). La risonanza magnetica ha consentito di rilevare correlazioni tra disturbi cognitivi ed entità del carico lesionale globale e regionale oltre che con indici di atrofia cerebrale. Più recenti studi neurofisiologici (potenziali evento correlati, studio della coerenza dell'elettroencefalogramma) e l'uso di tecniche non convenzionali di risonanza magnetica hanno inoltre permesso di definire con più precisione il substrato patologico e funzionale delle lesioni macroscopiche. La interruzione o disfunzione parziale delle connessioni tra diverse aree corticali o tra strutture corticali e sottocorticali é alla base della cosiddetta demenza sottocorticale, irreveribile e progressiva, osservata generalmente nei pazienti con SM di una certa durata e gravità, associata principalmente a perdita assonale e a grave demielinizzazione. È comunque sempre più frequente l'osservazione di pazienti SM con disturbi cognitivi, selettivi o globali, ad esordio acuto e transitori, nei quali può essere ipotizzato un coinvolgimento diretto del processo infiammatorio. Anticorpi contro antigeni neuronali, citochine proinfiammatorie e neurotossine possono infatti, con diversi meccanismi, interferire sia sul funzionamento cellulare sia sulla conduzione nervosa delle strutture coinvolte nelle funzioni cognitive.Notes: Abstract Only in the last decade has significant progress been reached in understanding the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). Edema, inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss may have different consequences on nerve fiber conduction, causing temporal disorganization or disruption of the inputs travelling along the intrahemispheric and interhemispheric connections among associative areas as well as between cortical and subcortical structures involved in mental functions. Neuropsychological, electrophysiological, metabolic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have provided converging evidence that the most common type of cognitive dysfunction observed in MS patients, the so-called subcortical dementia, is an almost invariable complication of the advanced phases of the disease. In these phases, large amounts of brain white matter may be affected by microscopic and macroscopic lesions characterized by pronounced axonal loss. However, the acute occurence of transitory and isolated selective cognitive deficits or reversible dementia has been observed in a few patients. In these cases a pathogenetic role of the inflammatory process in cognitive changes is to be considered. In fact, antineural antibodies, proinflammatory cytokines and other neurotoxic substances may induce or regulate several critical cellular and electrophysiologic functions. Understan-ding how the cellular and humoral responses may be differently associated with acute or chronic disease evolution and with macroscopic and microscopic brain changes is essential for the formulation of a unifying pathogenetic model of cognitive impairment in MS.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
15Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1590-3478Keywords: Key words Optic neuritis ; Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; CSF examination ; Oligoclonal bands ; Evoked potentialsSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract We evaluated the risk of developing clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) after acute isolated optic neuritis in 102 patients in a follow-up study (duration 6.5±2.0 years). The probability of CDMS was 13% after 2 years, 30% after 4 years, 38% after 6 years, and 49% after 8 and 10 years. CDMS occurred in 42 (59%) of 71 patients with brain lesions detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). No patient with normal MRI exam developed the disease. Patients with 3 or more MRI-detected lesions presented a shorter first interattack interval and a higher relapse rate compared to subjects with only 1 or 2 lesions. The predictive value of CSF examination and of evoked potentials was poor.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
16Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1590-3478Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract The neurologist's views on disease therapy have changed over recent years from nihilism to reasonable optimism, thanks to the development of MS-specific therapies (interferon beta and COP-1) and to the remarkable advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. Available immunological, clinical and pathological data suggest that the early treatment of RRMS patients with immunomodulatory drugs could be more advantageous compared to treatment started later in the disease course. The early reduction of relapse rate as well as of the extent of pathological lesions, should be the strategy for patients particularly in the first phases of the disease. Early treatment has a robust rationale both in prevention of irreversible pathological changes and in reducing clinical and MRI activity with favorable prognostic implications. For the near future, interferon beta and COP-1 seem to be the pharmacological agents best qualified to be utilized for this purpose.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
17Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1590-3478Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Trauma ; Stress ; PrognosisSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract It has been suggested that physical trauma, involving the cervical spinal cord or the brain, and psychological stress may precede MS onset or may influence the disease course, although this hypothesis has mainly come from anecdotal case reports or small uncontrolled or controlled studies. So far there are no studies providing a clear causative relationship between physical trauma (especially head trauma) and MS onset, exacerbation or progression of the disease. On the other hand, recent MRI and experimental studies, supporting the important role of nervous and immune system interactions, particularly by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and by the sympathetic nervous pathways, seem to demonstrate a significant correlation between stress and MS exacerbations. Further, frequent MRI and immunological evaluations should be warranted to objectively document the temporal association between stress and clinical and/or sub-clinical disease activity.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
18Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1590-3478Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Interferon beta ; Autoimmunity ; ThyroiditisSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract We analyzed the titer of antithyroid autoantibodies Abs) and thyroid function in 17 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients undergoing interferon-β (IFN-β) treatment and in 40 MS control patients. Basal evaluation revealed normal thyroid function in all patients. Abs were detected in 5 IFN-β-treated patients (29%) and in 4 MS control patients (10%). Our results indicate that IFN-β treatment may lead to thyroid autoimmunity. We therefore recommend periodic evaluations of antithyroid Abs and thyroid functionality in IFN-β-treated MS patients.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: