Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:T. Tammela)

2014-08-15

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Base Sequence ; *CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genes, p53/genetics ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Hepatocytes/metabolism/pathology ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver/cytology/*metabolism/pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis/*genetics ; Mutation/*genetics ; Oncogenes/*genetics ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; beta Catenin/genetics

2014-10-23

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Adenocarcinoma/*genetics/pathology ; Animals ; *Caspase 9 ; *Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; *Genetic Engineering ; Genome/*genetics ; Humans ; Lentivirus/genetics ; Lung Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation/genetics

2018-12-15

The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

1078-0432

1557-3265

Medicine

1365-2559

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

We investigated the expression of androgen receptor (AR) protein in transitional cell carcinoma of human urinary bladder in paraffin-embedded sections of tumours obtained from nine patients with urinary bladder cancer treated by radical cystectomy. In addition, immunoblotting of AR was also performed on selected samples. Nuclear immunoreactivity of AR was found in seven of the nine urinary bladder cancers studied. AR showed variable staining intensity within a tumour. In the immunoblots, a 110 kDa AR signal was seen with anti-AR antibody, and faint bands of 90 and 60 kDa were also observed. Immunohistochemistry of p53 and c-erbB-2 was also carried out and compared with the distribution of AR. The high frequency of AR expression suggests a role for androgens in transitional cell carcinoma of human urinary bladder.

Electronic Resource

1433-3023

Continent neobladder ; Cystectomy ; Intermittent self-catheterization ; Interstitial cystitis ; Pubovaginal sling ; Undiversion

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract A continent urinary undiversion was performed on a woman who had previously had a cystectomy and ileal loop urinary diversion for intractable interstital cystitis. The first stage consisted of isolation of an ileocecal segment and detubularization to create a low-pressure reservoir. The ileocecal valve was then intussuscepted and and reinforced. The proximal ileum was tapered and anastomosed to the urethral stump. The second stage involved excision of the ileal loop stoma, creating a nipple in the distal ileal loop conduit, and anastomosing this nipple into the reservoir to prevent reflux. A pubovaginal sling was performed to prevent stress incontinence. The patient is continent and empties her bladder by intermittent self-catheterization. She is doing well 3 years after the operation.

Electronic Resource

1433-3023

Colocystoplasty ; Contracted bladder ; Detubularization ; Females ; Urodynamics

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Dissatisfaction with the long-term results of wet cutaneous urinary diversion and a demand for a more socially acceptable solution have prompted the development of procedures that allow continent bladder substitution. Detubularized colon provides a lowpressure reservoir with adequate functional capacity and a voiding frequency very close to that of normal subjects. Most patients are able to empty their neobladders well by abdominal straining. Daytime continence can be achieved in most cases, but nocturnal incontinence is common unless the patient wakes up once or twice to void. Nocturnal incontinence can as a rule be prevented, however, by preservation of the trigone. Colonic bladder substitution is comparable functionally and urodynamically to a neobladder composed of the ileum or a combination of the right colon and ileum, and can be recommended as one possibility for bladder substitution in females who require surgery because of neuropathy, interstitial cystitis, irradiation cystitis or congenital anomalies.

Electronic Resource

1434-0879

Neuropeptide Y ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ; Substance P ; Bladder distension ; Rat

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary The effect of acute distension on vasoactive polypeptide (VIP)-, neuropeptide Y (NPY)- and substance P (SP)-immunoreactive nerves in the wall of the urinary bladder was investigated. At the age of 3 months, 25 female albino rats underwent forced diuresis combined with balloon obstruction to achieve maximal distension for 3 h. A modified, indirect immunofluorescence detection method was applied 2 days, 7 days and 21 days after distension. A marked, extensive depletion of VIP, NPY-and SP-immunoreactive nerves was observed after distension. This disturbance was reversible, and increased fluorescence of VIP-, NPY- and SP-immunoreactive nerve fibres compared with control specimens was seen in bladder specimens taken even as soon as 21 days after distension. This transient depletion of peptidergic innervation may partly explain the prolonged voiding problems that often occur after acute urinary retention. The depletion of sensory nerves containing SP shortly after distension may explain the transient benefit obtained from distension therapy in patients with painful bladder disease. It is suggested that the increased SP activity during the recovery phase may be related to neurogenic inflammation.

Electronic Resource

1434-0879

Electrical stimulation ; Stretching ; Time factor ; Bladder strip ; Rat

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary Distension of the human urinary bladder often causes prolonged impairment of its function. To investigate the effects of the duration of stretch on bladder smooth muscle the active length-tension relation, electrically evoked, was described in rat detrusor strips during a short-term and a long-term stretch. The amplitude of active tension increased at first and then decreased abruptly at greater stretch lengths, the maximum being at muscle lengths 230–250% (100%=resting length) in both types of stretches. When the strips had been at maximum length (300%) for three hours the amplitude was significantly decreased during release as compared to the amplitude found during stretch to the maximum length at comparable lengths. If the strips were released immediately from the maximum length the amplitude responded in an opposite manner. Therefore we conclude that the duration of stretching of bladder smooth muscle significantly affects its mechanical activity.

Electronic Resource

1434-0879

Urinary bladder ; Overdistension ; Cholinergic Hypoinnervation ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Rat

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary The effect of short-term urinary bladder distension on its cholinergic innervation was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. Distension was induced for 3 h by forced diuresis and balloon outlet obstruction, and whole thick biopsy specimens were taken from the dome and lateral side of the anterior body 2, 7 and 21 days afterwards. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) method was used to demonstrate the cholinergic nerves in the distended bladder wall. Cholinergic hypoinnervation was observed 7 days after the distension, persisting up to 21 days, although AChE-reactive nerves were then observed to be more numerous. The distribution of hypoinnervation was uneven, being more marked in the lateral side of the anterior body than in the dome. The distribution of AChE-reactive nerves varied even in the same biopsies, with areas of total hypoinnervation occurring next to areas of slightly diminished innervation. This was especially true 21 days after cholinergic innervation, which may in turn explain the prolonged voiding difficulties often seen after catheterization of an overdistended bladder in a patient with urinary retention. The short-lasting effect of bladder dilatation therapy used to treat detrusor instability or interstitial cystitis may be due to the fairly rapid regeneration of cholinergic innervation.

Electronic Resource

1434-0879

Urinary bladder ; Overdistension ; Adrenergic innervation ; SIF cells ; Glyoxylic acid ; Rat

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary The effect of distension on adrenergic innervation was investigated in the rat urinary bladder. Bladders were distended for 3 h by forced diuresis and ballon obstruction, and specimens were taken from the bladder dome, body and neck for the demonstration of glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence of catecholamines. Depletion of catecholamines started after 10 h and was almost complete after 2 days. The fluorescence had recovered part way after 5–7 days and was practically normal after 21 days. Small, intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells in the ganglia continued to leak catecholamines throughout the 21-day study period. The primary clinical success of distension therapy for the treatment of unstable bladder may be at least partly due to a reversible disturbance in the function of the adrenergic nerves, which have an excitatory alpha-adrenergic dominance in such cases, but the persistent leakage from SIF cells raises the question of whether distension causes prolonged disturbances in bladder function.

Electronic Resource

1434-0879

Key words Superficial bladder cancer ; Bioluminescence ; Retinoids ; Cancer therapy

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Retinoids have been shown to have activity in both preclinical and clinical bladder cancer studies but their exact role in its treatment and prevention remains obscure. In this study cytostatic activity of a novel 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA) was compared with two other retinoids: tretinoin and isotretinoin, in three different bladder cancer cell lines: RT4 (well differentiated), 5637 (moderately differentiated) and T24 (poorly differentiated). The three retinoids were incubated at concentrations of 0.3, 3 and 30 μg/ml with bladder cancer cells in microtitre plates for 3 and 6 days. The cytostatic effect was estimated by using luminometric measuring of ATP activity of viable cells in suspension. Compared with the older retinoids, tretinoin and isotretinoin, the highest concentration of 9-cis-RA had a cytostatic efficacy in all three bladder cancer cell lines tested. A clear dose–response relationship was observed in isotretinoin-treated cultures after 6 days and in all 9-cis-RA-treated cultures. Tretinoin was either ineffective or had a stimulating effect on poorly differentiated tumour cells. To conclude, isotretinoin and 9-cis-RA had a cytostatic effect on human bladder cancer cells in vitro. However, the possibility of stimulating cancer growth at small doses, at least with tretinoin, and toxicity at high doses must be considered when planning clinical trials.

Electronic Resource

1432-119X

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary The distribution of human carbonic anhydrase (HCA) isoenzymes I, II and VI in the human male reproductive tract was studied using specific antisera against affinity purified isoenzymes in conjunction with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex method. HCA VI-specific staining could not be demonstrated in any of the tissues studied, and HCA I was observed only in red blood cells. Immunostaining denoted HCA II in the epithelia of the seminal vescle, ampulla of the ductus deferens and distal ductus deferens. Some cells in the epithelium of the corpus and cauda epididymidis also stained for HCA II. The staining for HCA II in the epithelium of the reproductive tract declined from the strongly positive seminal vesicle to the proximal part of the ductus deferens, which stained negatively. There were also HCA II-positive particles derived from the apical protrusions of the epithelium in the lumina of the seminal vesicle, ampulla of the ductus deferens and ductus deferens. The physiological role of HCA II is linked to the secretion of bicarbonate into the seminal plasma and thereby to the regulation of sperm motility and pH in the seminal plasma.

Electronic Resource

1433-3023

Cold ; Neurogenic bladder ; Neuropathy ; Urodynamics

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Both animal experiments and clinical investigations in recent years have proved the existence of a bladder cooling reflex and specific cold receptors. Contractions provoked by injecting 0°C water/saline into the bladder are clearly associated with detrusor overactivity. Sometimes the bladder cooling test is capable of showing detrusor overactivity when cystometry is normal. Cold water instillation also allows bladder sensitivity to be tested easily and cheaply at the same time. The investigation of cold responses is important since many urogynecological complaints are associated with exposure to cold.

Electronic Resource