Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:T. Ruby)

2012-08-17

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology ; Animals ; Caspases/*metabolism ; Cell Death ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Susceptibility/*enzymology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Inflammasomes/immunology ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Macrophages/drug effects/enzymology/microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/*enzymology/genetics ; Salmonella typhimurium/physiology ; Signal Transduction

1552-6909

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

0094-5145

Medicine

1552-6909

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Animal studies have identified a mouse mammary tumor agent transmitted through lactation that increases the incidence and reduces the age for tumor development in offspring. A similar viral particle has been detected with greater frequency in the milk of humans with a family history of breast carcinoma than in the milk of those with no history. Animal studies also indicate that a male offspring who has been breastfed, at low risk himself, could possibly transmit the agent through seminal fluid. The health team is encouraged to consider these factors when discussing infant feeding methods with women who have a positive family history of breast carcinoma.

Electronic Resource

0190-7409

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Medicine

Education

Psychology

Electronic Resource

1534-4681

Breast cancer ; Pregnancy ; Young age ; Cancer stage ; Survival

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Background: To evaluate the purported decreased survival of pregnancy-associated (PA) breast cancer, a previously described homogeneous cohort of women of childbearing age with primary operable cancer was studied. The current analysis was designed to (a) identify those patients among the cohort known to have PA cancer and (b) compare clinical factors, pathologic characteristics, stage at diagnosis, and survival statistics for PA and non-PA cancer subgroups. Methods: All patients ⩽30 years of age who underwent definitive operation between 1950 and 1989 at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) for primary operable (stages 0-IIIA) breast adenocarcinoma were analyzed. Results:|Twenty-two of the 227 young women with primary operable breast cancer had PA cancer. Disease-related survival was decreased (p=0.004) in these 22 women compared with the remaining 205 patients with non-PA cancer. PA cancer patients were found to have larger tumors (p〈0.005), and a greater proportion had advanced staged (IIB or IIIA) cancers (p〈0.02). Among patients diagnosed with early invasive cancers (stages I or IIA), no difference (p=NS) in survival was observed comparing PA and non-PA subgroups (73% vs. 74% 10-year survival). Patients with stage IIIA cancer had shorter disease-free and overall survival when associated with pregnancy (0% vs. 35% 10-year survival). Conclusions: Women 30 years of age or younger with PA breast cancer have decreased survival compared with patients with non-PA cancer from the same cohort. Women with PA cancer have larger, more advanced cancers at the time of definitive surgery. Women with early staged PA cancers appear to have survival similar to that for women with early staged non-PA cancer.

Electronic Resource

1534-4681

Breast cancer ; Young age ; Local recurrence ; Chemotherapy

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Background: Young age has been hypothesized to be an adverse prognostic factor for women with breast cancer. This association, based on historical data, may not reflect recent advances in breast cancer management. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of all women age 30 or younger who underwent definitive operation at our institution for primary operable breast carcinoma during one of two consecutive 20-year periods (1950–1969 or 1970–1989). All cancers were restaged according to current staging criteria. Actuarial survival and recurrence-free survival rates from the two patient eras were compared with each other and with published statistics for older breast cancer patients. Results: Eligibility criteria were met by 81 women from the 1950–1969 era and 146 women from the 1970–1989 era. Histologic diagnoses, tumor sizes, incidence of axillary nodal metastases, number of positive nodes, and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage at presentation were similarly distributed in the two eras. Despite these similarities, improved survival (p=0.009) was observed in the later era. Local recurrences were also more common (p〈0.05) in the later era in association with less extensive resections. These local recurrences had an adverse impact on recurrence-free survival in the later era, but no concomitant decrease in overall survival was observed. Node-positive patients who received chemotherapy demonstrated a trend toward improved survival (p=0.06) compared with node-positive patients who did not. Survival for patients in the later era was similar to that for older women as reported in other published series. Conclusions: The stage of presentation of breast cancer in women 30 years or younger appears unchanged from prior decades, but survival has improved in association with the use of less extensive surgical resections and the introduction of cytotoxic chemotherapy. With current treatment, primary operable breast cancer in young women appears to have a similar prognosis to breast cancer in older women.

Electronic Resource

1534-4681

Breast cancer, prognosis ; Breast cancer, men

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Background: Considerable debate exists concerning the prognosis of breast cancer in male patients compared with that in female patients. Some studies have observed worse prognosis for men; others suggested the higher mortality rates were primarily due to delayed diagnosis. Methods: Survival time from diagnosis with invasive disease to death resulting from breast cancer of 58 men treated between 1973 and 1989 was compared with survival of 174 women treated between 1976 and 1978 who were matched by stage of disease and age at diagnosis. All patients were treated by mastectomy and axillary dissection. Results: Tumors were ⩽2 cm in 70% of cases and 55% were free of axillary metastases. The histology of the tumors differed significantly by gender (p〈0.05). Significantly more men had estrogen receptor-positive tumors (87%) than did women (55%, p〈0.001). Survival at 10 years was similar for male and female patients. Multivariate analysis controlling for tumor size, number of positive axillary lymph nodes, age at diagnosis, histology, and receptor status indicated no significant difference in survival of male compared with female patients. Conclusions: These data conflict with the conventional wisdom that breast cancer in men carries a worse prognosis than the disease in women. Although histology of the tumor and receptor status differed by gender, these factors did not have an impact on survival in these paired patients. Our data indicate that breast carcinoma in males is not biologically more aggressive than in females.

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] We have measured various properties of aerosols over the equatorial and tropical North Atlantic for almost two decades. We1"7 and others8"12 have found that one of the principal aerosol components is mineral dust originating from the arid and semi-arid regions of West Africa. Satellite imagery ...

Electronic Resource

1573-7225

Breast size ; breast cancer risk ; tumor laterality ; United States

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

The relationship of breast size both to breast cancer risk and to the laterality of the tumor was studied among 261 women diagnosed with breast cancer and 291 control subjects who were enrolled in the United States' Breast Cancer Detection and Demonstration Project from 1973 to 1980. Standardized measures of breast area were obtained by applying planimetry to bilateral screening mammograms taken four years before breast cancer was diagnosed in case subjects. The left breast was larger in 53 percent of women with breast cancer and in 60 percent of women in the control group; the difference in breast area by laterality was significant only among controls (P=0.01). To assess breast cancer risk, breast area was categorized by quartiles, with the lowest quartile being the referent group. Risk was increased minimally among women with the largest breast area (odds ratios = 0.9, 0.9, 1.2); however, the point estimates were not statistically significant and there was no evidence of a linear trend. Left-sided disease was diagnosed in 51 percent of women in the case group. Although the mean area of the breast with the malignancy did not differ significantly from the opposite breast, cancer developed in the larger breast of 57 percent of women with left- and 46 percent of women with right-sided disease. Breast size was associated with cancer of the left breast but not the right. However, these size differences were small since the area of the larger breast was less than 10 percent greater than the smaller breast among half of the case subjects. Further research is required to identify factors associated with the susceptibility of breast tissue to malignant transformation among women with unilateral disease.

Electronic Resource

1573-3610

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge regarding STD spread and prevention, and to assess motivational and behavioral factors that influence the use of condoms to prevent STD acquisition among inner-city women at high risk for STD infection. In addition, the effect of past and/or current STD infection on a woman's knowledge of the mechanism of STD acquisition and subsequent use of a condom to prevent STD infection was explored. We utilized three inner-city clinics offering family planning or gynecologic care located in Brooklyn, New York. Our study linked clinical findings regarding current infection with chlamydia orTrichomonas vaginalis. One thousand four hundred and four sexually active black and Hispanic women participated in the study. A past history of STD (37%) or current infection (29%) was recorded for 54% of the study population (12% were positive for both past and current infection). On average, only 60% of women who reported prior treatment for STD infection reported receiving any information regarding prevention of re-infection during the course of treatment. Depending on the specific STD, from 6.8% to 42.9% of women reporting prior treatment for an STD did not know the disease they were being treated for was sexually transmitted. Condom use for disease prevention was more frequently reported by women who had previously been treated for an STD (OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.23-2.13). However, condom use for contraception was a stronger predictor of use for STD prevention. Women who relied on condoms for contraception were almost 10 times more likely to also report condom use for STD prevention relative to women who did not use condoms for contraceptive purposes (OR=9.71, 95% CI 7.0-13.5). In addition, condom use was associated with the perceived attitude of their sexual partner toward such use. Condom use to prevent STD acquisition was more than twice as frequently reported when a favorable attitude was perceived by a male sexual partner (OR=2.30, 95% CI 1.54−3.43). Our findings suggest that prevention of unplanned pregnancy was a stronger motivator for condom use than disease prevention among the women comprising our study group. The findings also indicate the need for more extensive information regarding STD prevention among women at high risk for STD acquisition. Health care providers must insure that the information they give is clear and easily understood by the patient population they serve. Health care providers must also emphasize the importance of developing behaviors that protect against both unwanted pregnancies and STD infection, and that this responsibility should be shared by both sexual partners.

Electronic Resource