Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:T. Karl)

Jäckel, Manfred; Risch, Karl T.

Unknown

385 S.

Asselborn, Wolfgang; Jäckel, Manfred; Risch, Karl T.

Unknown

384 S.

Allgmeine Ausgabe; Neubarb. 2001

9783507860605

German

Fischer, Karl T.

Unknown

94 S.

German

2015-04-22

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cerebellum/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Clobetasol/*pharmacology ; Demyelinating Diseases/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; Germ Layers/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Lysophosphatidylcholines ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Male ; Mice ; Miconazole/*pharmacology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Multiple Sclerosis/*drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology ; Myelin Sheath/*drug effects/*metabolism ; Oligodendroglia/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism ; Regeneration/drug effects ; Tissue Culture Techniques

2016-04-12

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Aerosols/chemistry ; Atlantic Ocean ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Nitrates/analysis/chemistry ; Nitric Acid/chemistry ; Nitrogen/*analysis/*chemistry ; Nitrogen Oxides/*analysis/*chemistry ; Nitrous Acid/analysis/chemistry ; North Carolina ; Oxidants/chemistry ; Photolysis ; Seawater/*chemistry ; South Carolina

2018-02-10

National Academy of Sciences

0027-8424

1091-6490

Biology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

1365-2648

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1432-2137

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mathematics

Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett) is a widely distributed and destructive pathogen of turfgrass in the United States. A 2-yr field study was conducted at Columbus, OH, to determine the influence of a plant growth regulator, creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) cultivars, and N fertility on dollar spot severity. 'Crenshaw' creeping bentgrass was seeded alone or in a 50:50 blend by weight with 'Penncross' creeping bentgrass. Plots were fertilized at 0, 24.4, or 48.8 kg N ha-1 per application. One-half of each plot received trinexapac-ethyl (TE) [4-(cyclopropyl-α-hydroxymethylene)-3,5-dioxo-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester] at 0.8 L ha-1. The TE and fertilizer treatments were initiated in May 1995 and 1996 with four subsequent applications made at 30-d intervals. Initially, the cultivar blend reduced the rate of dollar spot development compared with Crenshaw alone; however, neither the blend nor Crenshaw provided commercially acceptable dollar spot suppression throughout the study. Both TE and N fertilization significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced dollar spot severity over the 2-yr period. Trinexapac-ethyl applied alone effectively suppressed dollar spot activity, but efficacy increased with increasing N rates. Dollar spot symptoms decreased and thatch thickness increased at elevated N levels. During this 2-yr study, interactions between TE and N fertility resulted in a significant ( P ≤ 0.05) reduction in dollar spot severity. Thus, on golf course fairways where dollar spot may be severe, incorporation of these two treatments into a turfgrass management program will enhance dollar spot suppression and reduce fungicide inputs.

Electronic Resource

book

1984

Gymnasium ; Baden-Württemberg

German

book

1989

Empirische Untersuchung ; Handlungsmodell ; Handlungstheorie ; Vermittlung ; Motivation ; Literaturunterricht ; Lesen ; Modell

German

Literaturangaben

1540-8191

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Cardiac failure remains a life-threatening complication for certain patients undergoing intracardiac repair. Despite improvements in surgical techniques, methods of myocardial protection, and postoperative care, patients are frequently at risk to develop postoperative low out-put syndrome. Approximately 1% of cardiac surgical patients cannot be weaned from extracorporeal circulation in spite of adequate volume loading, the use of inotropic support, and initiation of intraaortic balloon pumping. In these cases, ventricular assist devices (VAD) can mechanically aid the failing heart and reverse the low output state.The concept of mechanical support for the failing left ventricle was first proposed by Clauss et al.1 in 1961. By 1968, Kantrowitz and associates2 had developed and refined the first intraaortic balloon pump (IABP). Through the efforts of Moulopolous and others,3 this device evolved into the present-day intraaortic balloon pump (IABP).Clinical evidence for the efficacy of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) remained questionable until 1980, when the National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute evaluated short-term LVADs by comparing various types of mechanical aids.1,4–8 This report focused attention primarily on the failing left ventricle (LV). As the use of inotropic support, intraaortic balloon pumping, and LVADs improved, a small group of patients emerged who could not be separated from extracorporeal circulation due to a failing right ventricle. The failing right ventricle emerged as a unique clinical entity similar to postcardiotomy left ventricular failure that also benefited from mechanical cardiac assistance. Current therapy at major centers incorporating mechanical assist devices is based on the premise that the low output state will allow the failing heart to recover from a reversible injury. The frequent occurrence of postcardiotomy ischemia may be due to several factors such as poor myocardial protection, overdistension of the LV, emboli, coronary spasm or technical problems. Whatever the etiology, the end product of cardiac failure is a demand for oxygen consumption that cannot be met, thus leading to cardiac demise.

Electronic Resource

1550-7408

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

.Morphological development of cloned Trypanoplasma borreli was studied during the course of experimental infections in common carp. During the course of infection the cell dimensions of T. borreli showed high variability. At the beginning of parasitemia at day 8 p.i. (post inoculation) small and slender T. borreli predominated: surface area (SA, determined using a polar planimeter) 48.9 ± 13.1 Mm2; shape index (SI, length/width) 7.8 + 2.1 (n = 110). During the exponential growth phase until day 13 p.i. the size further decreased significantly (P 〈 1%): SA 29.9 ± 9.5 μm: (n = 109). During the transition of parasitemia from exponential growth to the chronic phase the size of T. borreli enlarged significantly (P 〈 1%) and it became stumpy in shape. Day 15 p.i.: SA 63.2 ± 15.8 μm2; SI 4.2 ± 1.0 (n = 51). During the chronic phase significantly (P 〈 1%) larger trypanoplasms predominated: day 41 p.i. SA 90.6 ± 22.7 μm2, SI 4.9 ± 1.1 (n = 221). Further samples showed only moderate variability of cell dimensions during this phase of parasitemia. Measurements of dimensions of lrinetoplast and nucleus and length of flagella varied in a similar manner. The position of the kinetoplast remained unchanged, while the nucleus had a more anterior position in the chronic phase. Experimental infections of various cyprinids were successful, perch and rainbow trout were not susceptible to experimental infections with T. borreli. Using these data a redescription of T. borreli is given.

Electronic Resource

1550-7408

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

. Twenty of 35 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), eight of 12 red deer (Cervus elaphus), and nine of 21 fallow deer (Cervus da ma) but none of four moose (Alces alces) examined from April to November 1983 were infected with trypanosomes. Morphometric data of the bloodstream trypomastigotes from the three deer species differed significantly. This appears to be the first report of stercorarian trypanosomes from Cervidae in the Old World and the first description of representatives of the subgenus Megatrypanum in the three deer species.

Electronic Resource

1550-7408

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Four fallow deer, Cervus dama, became infected with Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) sp. by oral application of triturated guts from tabanids collected in an area with deer but without any cattle; four control calves remained negative. Upon challenge with triturated guts from tabanids from an area with pastured cattle, the four calves became infected with Trypanosoma (M.) theileri. The prepatent period in deer was five days or less. Haematopota spp. and Tabanus spp. were identified as vectors of the deer trypanosomes. It is concluded that the trypanosomes of C. dama belong to a Megatrypanum species that is not identical with T. theileri.

Electronic Resource

1550-7408

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

The formation of Babesia equi sporozoites in the salivary glands of three tick species (Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, H. a. excavatum, Rhipicephalus turanicus) was studied by electron microscopy. The development was identical in all three vectors. On the 8th day post repletionem kinetes of B. equi had invaded alveoli of the nymphal salivary glands and were transformed to sporonts bounded by a single membrane. The sporonts were polymorphous bodies each with a highly lobed nucleus and numerous mitochondria. These stages persisted during ecdysis of the tick nymph to the adult stage. After attachment of these newly molted adults to a new host the formation of sporozoites was completed within five days. The sporonts occupied most of the infected alveolus and were extensively divided into cytoplasmic portions of various size. On the 4th day after attachment of the tick, sporozoite-anlagen, into each of which a nucleus and a mitochondrion were incorporated, appeared at the periphery of the sporonts. An apical complex with a polar ring, rhoptries, and micronemes was formed at the tip of each protruding anlage. Finally thousands of pyriform sporozoites (3.0 × 1.2 μm) filled the hypertrophied alveolus. This development is similar to sporogony in the genus Theileria.

Electronic Resource

1550-7408

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

The reproduction of Babesia ovis inside the ovary of the vector tick Rhipicephalus bursa was studied by electron microscopy. The kinetes of B. ovis invade the ovary of the tick via hemolymph. The kinete, when situated intracellularly, is transformed into a polymorphous stage that loses all features of the invasive form. The nucleus elongates enormously and forms many folds which extend throughout the cell. Subsequently, the lobulated nucleus and the cytoplasm are divided into numerous uninuclear cytomeres by invaginations of the cell boundary and by interconnecting endoplasmic reticulum. Each cytomere, bounded by a unit-membrane, measures ca. 4 μm in diameter and finally forms a new kinete. This proceeds as protrusion of the cytoplasm into an intracytoplasmic vacuole. An apical complex is initially visible at the tip of the protrusion that emerges steadily into the lumen of the expanding vacuole. The nucleus of each cytomere is incorporated into the newly formed kinete, which is surrounded by a coccidian pellicle the inner membranes of which are formed at the base of the intracellular protrusion. Nearly all of the cytoplasm is used for the differentiation of the kinete, which finally lies folded inside the vacuole. The kinete is apparently released by rupture of the vacuole. The description of this peculiar reproduction completes the knowledge of similar reproductive processes in other tissues of the tick. A comparison of the differentiation of the kinete in Babesia and in Theileria indicates a similar mode of development.

Electronic Resource

1749-6632

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

1749-6632

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

1749-6632

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

1365-3040

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Emissions of acetaldehyde from tree leaves were investigated by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), a technique that allows simultaneous monitoring of different leaf volatiles, and confirmed by derivatization and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Bursts of acetaldehyde were released by sycamore, aspen, cottonwood and maple leaves following light–dark transitions; isoprene emission served as a measure of chloroplastic processes. Acetaldehyde bursts were not accompanied by ethanol, but exposure of leaves to inhibitors of pyruvate transport or respiration, or anoxia, led to much larger releases of acetaldehyde, accompanied by ethanol under anoxic conditions. These same leaves have an oxidative pathway for ethanol present in the transpiration stream, resulting in acetaldehyde emissions that are inhibited in vivo by 4-methylpyrazole, an alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) inhibitor. Labelling of leaf volatiles with 13CO2 suggested that the pools of cytosolic pyruvate, the proposed precursor of acetaldehyde bursts, were derived from both recent photosynthesis and cytosolic carbon sources. We hypothesize that releases of acetaldehyde during light–dark transitions result from a pyruvate overflow mechanism controlled by cytosolic pyruvate levels and pyruvate decarboxylase activity. These results suggest that leaves of woody plants contribute reactive acetaldehyde to the atmosphere under different conditions: (1) metabolic states that promote the accumulation of cytosolic pyruvate, triggering the pyruvate decarboxylase reaction; and (2) leaf ethanol oxidation resulting from ethanol transported from anoxic tissues.

Electronic Resource