Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:Stubbe)

1432-1440

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

2018-10-25

"This article proposes reconfiguring comparison as a method for innovation studies. It explores how two objects -a media installation and a robotic hand- are configured as novel through a complexity of materialities, stories, and bodies. In focus are small-scale interactions that signify relations between technological objects and their stories. The methodological approach advanced in this article focuses on the construction of comparability, the perspective from which something is compared, and one’s own bodily involvement in co-producing situations. Through two configurative moments, rendering imagined objects and material referencing, this article delineates how the installation and the robotic hand materialise imaginaries and how they articulate stories of their difference. The proposed reconfiguration avows novelty as a concept through which continuities can be drawn, just as it acknowledges the locality of its articulation in different forms. Its perspective is local, as it is immersed in the net of materialities, stories, and bodies, while it moves on and re-arranges what is understood and what needs to be understood." (author's abstract)

Sociology & anthropology ; Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Wissenschaftssoziologie, Wissenschaftsforschung, Technikforschung, Techniksoziologie ; Wissenssoziologie ; Sociology of Science, Sociology of Technology, Research on Science and Technology ; Sociology of Knowledge ; Heuristik ; Innovation ; Kunst ; Medien ; Ethnographie ; Methode ; Interaktion ; Roboter ; vergleichende Forschung ; Technologie ; innovation ; interaction ; method ; ethnography ; art ; heuristics ; comparative research ; robot ; media ; technology ; 10200

journal article, Zeitschriftenartikel

2018-07-27

"Anhand einiger ausgewählter Phänomene (Krankheitsvorstellungen, Seelenvorstellungen, Ethnotherapie, Ethnoästhetik der Federkunst, Traum) werden verschiedene indigene Psychologien in dem multiethnischen Brasilien vorgestellt. Dabei wird ihre große Bedeutung für das Gesundheits-, Sozial- und Kultur-System hervorgehoben. Der Autor plädiert für eine zukünftige 'Weltpsychologie', in der die indigenen Psychologien, die 'westliche' Psychologie und die Psychologie in der sog. Dritten Welt in einen fruchtbaren Dialog eintreten können." (Autorenreferat)

"Based on selected phenomena (explication of diseases, conceptions of soul, ethnotherapy, ethno-aesthetics of plume art and dream) several indigenous psychologies in multiethnic Brazil are presented. Thereby, the author emphasises their relevance for the health care, social and cultural system. He advocates a future 'world psychology' in which the indigenous, the 'western' and the so-called Third World psychology could start a productive dialogue." (author's abstract)

Psychologie ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Psychology ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie ; Allgemeines, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Methoden, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Psychologie ; Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Psychology ; Ethnology, Cultural Anthropology, Ethnosociology ; Brasilien ; Ethnopsychologie ; indigene Völker ; kulturelle Faktoren ; Ästhetik ; Krankheit ; Traum ; Kulturanthropologie ; Wissenschaftsgeschichte ; Brazil ; psychology ; ethnopsychology ; indigenous peoples ; cultural factors ; aesthetics ; illness ; dream ; cultural anthropology ; history of science

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

1089-7674

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

© 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7674

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The decay instability of an ordinary hf electromagnetic pump wave into quasitransversal upper hybrid (UH) and lower hybrid (LH) waves in the ionosphere is discussed. The longitudinal and transversal inhomogeneity of the medium is taken into account. It is shown that, due to the decay instability within weak plasma density enhancements, a rather broad spectrum of UH oscillations, similar to the spectrum of the downshifted maximum (DM) in stimulated electromagnetic emission (SEE) spectra, is formed. Estimates of the frequency range and characteristic k numbers of the DM spectrum are given. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7674

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The essence of the Bernstein–Landau paradox is that in a stable unmagnetized plasma electrostatic waves exhibit collisionless Landau damping, while in a magnetized plasma the Bernstein modes, perpendicular to the magnetic field, are exactly undamped, independent of the strength of the magnetic field. This problem is the subject of the present study. An analytical solution of the initial value problem for perturbations perpendicular to the magnetic field is given, which is a generalization of the well-known Landau work to magnetized plasmas. By introducing, according to Plemelj's prescription, plus- and minus-functions, having unique analytical properties, the character of the short-term and long-term plasma response is revealed, showing in the small magnetic field limit Landau damping in the first gyroperiod, followed by recurrence, and exhibiting irregular behavior with no damping at large times. The initial damping rate is seen to be close to the commonly used Landau damping rate for unmagnetized plasmas, however with a significant systematic deviation. A corrected expression for the Landau damping rate is found which yields a perfect description of the initial damping of oscillations perpendicular to a weak magnetic field. An alternative approach, expansion over Bernstein modes, is also employed. It is found that a zero-frequency (convective) mode, revealed earlier in particle simulations, is included in the complete linear treatment. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7674

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

A uniform treatment of longitudinal waves or wave-like perturbations in neutral gases and plasmas is presented, using the method of kinetic transport theory in conjunction with a ten-moment collision model. The perturbations are considered to be generated by an oscillating boundary, and their spatial evolution for given frequency is investigated. Special emphasis is placed on the damping of the perturbations, as apparent from their spatial decay. The close intrinsic relation between longitudinal perturbations in plasmas and neutral gases is revealed by systematic variation of the collision to wave frequency ratio and of the charge number. The strong damping of neutral sound found in the small collision frequency limit is seen to be a continuous extension of Landau damping, either of ion-acoustic or Langmuir waves, when starting at the full charge number and reducing the latter to zero. Application of the present theory to experimental neutral sound data leads to almost quantitative agreement, from the near-collisionless to the collision-dominated limit. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7658

AIP Digital Archive

Mathematics

Physics

Let V be a potential whose negative part V− decays like c||x||−2 at infinity. If c is not too large, then the Schrödinger operator HV=−Δ+V on Rn, n≥3, has only a finite number of bound states although the associated classical phase space volume is infinite. Optimal conditions are derived for the absence of bound states and a family of bounds on the total number of bound states for the operator HV of the form N0(V)≤ cγ,n ∫Rn (V+c/||x||2)γ− ||x−x0||2γ−n dn x. The basic tool used to obtain results is a family of sharp Sobolev inequalities for the operator A(c)=−Δ−c/||x||2.

Electronic Resource

1089-7674

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The quantitative explanation of neutral sound absorption at extremely low pressures within the framework of Landau's theory (Sukhorukov and Stubbe [Phys. Plasmas 2, 4059 (1995)]) has revived the question about the physical nature of Landau damping. In the present paper it is shown in several ways that the physical mechanism behind linear Landau damping does not depend on the presence of charges. It is shown, in particular, that in the collisionless limit the damping rate of a given spatial and temporal structure is entirely determined by its spectrum, independent of whether the particles of the system are charged or uncharged. The role of charges lies in their influence on the shape of the spectrum. The conventional picture of Landau damping, involving the resonant conversion of wave energy into particle kinetic energy by electrostatic interaction, is critically investigated, and the shortcomings of this picture are unveiled. Landau damping is then described as thermal spread, which applies to both charged and uncharged gases. A correct estimate of the damping rate, based on this picture, is given in the low-damping limit. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1473-4192

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Linguistics and Literary Studies

This paper provides an overview of an interdisciplinary project which draws together sociolinguistic analyses of workplace discourse and recent work in the field of organisational studies. The starting point for this collaboration was a set of questions which arose from attempts to apply the findings of a large-scale sociolinguistic study into workplace language: (i) How can sociolinguistic tools and models generate useful feedback for practitioners and contribute to organisational learning? (ii) How can the understanding researchers have developed of workplace discourse help individuals and teams critically reflect on their own communication practices? (iii) What can the action research process add to our theoretical knowledge about workplace discourse? The authors explore these questions in the context of a number of current issues in the field of organisational studies, including an increasing interest in language and communication; emerging critical perspectives on the notion of competence in workplaces; and debates over the relationships between expert and practitioner knowledges. The concept of ‘reflective practice’ is presented as a framework to address these issues in the evaluation and development of workplace communication.

Electronic Resource

1473-4192

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Linguistics and Literary Studies

Research on gender differences in interactive style has typically investigated the relative numbers of particular discourse features (such as interruptions or minimal responses) produced by females and males in different contexts. While this approach has provided a valuable means of testing a range of hypotheses about male and female styles of interaction and has led to the emergence of some clear trends, the evidence from individual studies is nevertheless often conflicting and difficult to interpret. This paper argues that quantitative methods used alone often fail to adequately capture the complexities of spoken interaction; the inclusion of qualitative analysis can produce a greater insight into the functions of different interactive strategies and provides a valuable additional perspective to research into gender differences. By taking into account the results of both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the same data, it is possible to gain a much clearer picture of the processes at work in an interaction than would otherwise be possible.

Electronic Resource

1089-7658

AIP Digital Archive

Mathematics

Physics

It is shown that for the Calogero–Cohn-type upper bounds on the number of bound states of a negative spherically symmetric potential V(r), in each angular momentum state, that is, bounds containing only the integral ∫∞0||V(r)||1/2 dr, the condition V′(r)≥0 is not necessary, and can be replaced by the less stringent condition (d/dr)[r1−2p(−V)1−p]≤0, 1/2≤p〈1, which allows oscillations in the potential. The constants in the bounds are accordingly modified, depend on p and l, and tend to the standard value for p=1/2. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7658

AIP Digital Archive

Mathematics

Physics

The Dirac equation for a particle of mass m submitted to a spherically symmetric vector potential is considered. Similar to the Schrödinger case, a nodal characterization of solutions for energies in the spectral gap (−m,m) is shown. As a consequence some bounds on the number of bound states which reduce in the nonrelativistic limit to the classical bounds of Bargmann and Calogero are proven. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7658

AIP Digital Archive

Mathematics

Physics

One can prove and extend some results about the order and spacings of energy levels for the Klein–Gordon equation with vector-like and scalar-like potentials.

Electronic Resource

1089-7658

AIP Digital Archive

Mathematics

Physics

It is shown that the "Calogero'' bound on the number of bound states in an attractive monotonous potential is not optimal for a strictly positive angular momentum l and a new bound including an extra additive term is proposed. It is Nl(V)〈(2/π)∫0∞(square root of)||V(r)||dr+1−(square root of)1 +(2/π)2l(l+1). From this new bound it is possible to obtain a bound on the total number of bound states for arbitrary angular momentum. The situation for −1/2≤l〈0 is investigated and a bound under the condition that r2V(r) has a single extremum is given. Consequences for zero angular momentum bound states in two dimensions are discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Insulin and glucose levels were measured in eleven women in labour and in the umbilical arterial and venous blood of their babies. Twelve women received an infusion of 10 per cent glucose at a rate of 1 g. per minute for an average of 42·2 minutes. Thirteen women were given a similar infusion, and crystalline zinc insulin was added in a concentration of 1 unit to 3 g. of glucose. The average infusion time was 48·5 minutes.Exogenous insulin did not improve the transplacental passage of glucose.The infusion of glucose with insulin caused an eighteenfold increase in insulin level of the women in labour. This change was not reflected by the levels of insulin in umbilical blood. Similar umbilical insulin levels after both types of infusion show that exogenous insulin does not pass from the mother to the fetus during labour.An increase in the insulin level of umbilical blood began 22 minutes after the start of the infusion. This most probably reflects the poor capacity of the fetal pancreas to react to changes in blood glucose levels.

Electronic Resource

1469-7610

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Psychology

Abstract The association between expressed emotion (EE) and psychiatric disorders was investigated in a community survey of 108 preadolescent children. Results indicated that the two components of EE, critical comments and emotional overinvolvement, identified non-overlapping subsets of families and displayed diagnostic specificity. Significantly higher rates of disruptive behavior diagnoses were observed in children of parents who expressed high levels of criticism, while children of parents who expressed high levels of emotional overinvolvement were significantly more likely to have an anxiety disorder when compared in the remaining sample. Findings support the utility of this brief measure of EE in epidemiologic samples.

Electronic Resource

1089-7658

AIP Digital Archive

Mathematics

Physics

The classical equations of motion for two-dimensional nonlinear spinor fields are investigated. Explicit solutions for monomial and logarithmic self-interactions are presented. Furthermore properties of these classical solutions are discussed.

Electronic Resource

1089-7666

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

In fluid theory, the kinetic equation is converted into a system of moment equations. Any wanted moment is thereby coupled with other moments in an infinite set of equations. In plasma kinetic theory, the linearized Fourier-transformed kinetic equation is solved for the distribution function, and the wanted moments are obtained afterward as functions of the electric field strength. A complete knowledge of the frequency and wavenumber electric field spectrum is needed for these moments to be determined as functions of t and r. This standard kinetic approach is not suitable beyond the weak turbulence limit, in which the interaction of waves is treated in the random phase approximation. In situations where regular structures in (t, r) space arise due to phase correlations, recourse is commonly taken to fluid theory. In the present paper the plasma kinetic theory is treated differently by taking the electric field not as the cause of the process to be studied, but as a mediator between different moments. An arbitrary number of moment equations can be obtained in this way. Only those that, in the fluid limit, pass over to the fluid equations will be used. Outside the fluid limit, these so-called kinetic transport equations represent a continuation of the fluid equations into the kinetic regime. One purpose of kinetic transport theory is to extend the plasma kinetic theory beyond the weak turbulence limit. In contrast to standard plasma kinetic theory, the formulation of kinetic transport theory allows an application to neutral gases by setting the particle charge to zero. Therefore a second purpose of kinetic transport theory is to extend the transport equations for neutral gases beyond the fluid limit and to define the transport coefficients for highly rarefied gases.

Electronic Resource

1089-7666

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

It is shown that the damping of sound, as measured in highly rarefied neutral gases, can be quantitatively described in terms of Landau damping. The theoretical method is based on determining the unknown pressure tensor gradient in the equation of motion by using the solution of the linearized kinetic equation, treating the occurring integrals over velocity space by Landau's integration prescription. Collisions are taken into account by means of a relaxation model that meets all conservation requirements. The resulting equation of motion is formulated such that the entirety of linear kinetic effects is encapsulated in two coefficients, γ and Γ, which do not depend on particle charge, and are thus applicable to plasmas and neutral gases alike. The only occurrence of charges and electric fields in the equation of motion is in the form of a cold plasma force term. The coefficients γ and Γ are, in general, nonlocal in time and space, but become constants in certain limits. Application of the theory to neutral sound absorption leads to a good agreement with experimental data (Meyer and Sessler [Z. Phys. 149, 15 (1957)]) over the entire range of experimental parameters, from the near-collisionless to the collision-dominated limit.

Electronic Resource