Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:Schrader)

Schrader, Friedrich-Wilhelm

Unknown

297 S.

Europäische Hochschulschriften Reihe VI, Psychologie Bd. 289

Zugl.: Heidelberg. Univ., Diss., 1988

Schrader, Josef

Unknown

291 S.

Bilger, Frauke [Herausgeber]; Behringer, Friederike [Herausgeber]; Kuper, Harm [Herausgeber]; Schrader, Josef [Herausgeber]

Book

300 Seiten, Diagramme, 29.7 cm x 21 cm

9783763911936, 3763911936

DIE Survey. Daten und Berichte zur Weiterbildung

Erscheint auch als

German

Conein, Stephanie; Schrader, Josef; Stadler, Matthias

Unknown

232 S.

3763918647

German

1573-5117

eastern equatorial Pacific ; productivity ; Quaternary ; diatoms

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract Recent marine planktonic diatom assemblages from 47 sediment surface samples retrieved from the eastern equatorial Pacific yielded four significant Q-mode factors that are related to surface water properties. They include a northern subtropical (Factor 1), a southern subtropical (Factor 2), a Peru Current (Factor 3) and an eastern Equatorial Pacific (Factor 4) factor. A transfer function (based on 42 surface sediment samples) with a productivity range of 109 to 210 gC m−2 y−1 was defined using the geographic distribution of the northern and southern subtropical assemblages (Factor 1 and 2) and their relation to ”mapped“ surface water primary productivity. This transfer function has a standard error of estimate of 11.9 gC m−2 y−1 and it is used to estimate late Pleistocene paleo-productivity changes at ODP Leg 111 Site 677 off Ecuador. The Site 677 samples (usually spaced 10 cm apart and with a linear sedimentation rate of 4.3 cm y−3) were the same samples that were used for stable oxygen/carbon isotopic analysis from planktonic Foraminifera. The well constrained oxygen isotope stratigraphy permitted assignment of accurate ages to downcore samples. The interval between oxygen isotope stages 3 and 9 had variable productivity that is generally higher than present values of 175 gC m−2 y−1 A major decline in paleo-productivity below the present value occurred in stage 9, the early part of stage 8 and in the early and late stage 5.

Electronic Resource

1468-2494

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The efficacy of any cosmetic product containing a functional ingredient is determined by the skin delivery of the active molecule, which is influenced by the type of the vehicle and the molecule itself. This study was designed to compare the percutaneous absorption habits of the antioxidants carcinine and lipoic acid out of various formulations by means of the porcine skin model. Initial evaluation of the in vitro porcine skin model has demonstrated its feasibility for various substances and formulations [1, 2]. Increasing legal requirements for risk assessment in the cosmetic industry have led to the development of this alternative test method. The penetration properties are determined by the OECD Guideline TG 428: Skin Absorption: in vitro Method [3, 4], which allows the use of porcine skin for penetration studies. Porcine skin is used because of its similarity to human skin in terms of its morphology and the essential permeation characteristics [5]. The mass balances for each tested formulation type of the antioxidants show individual penetration behaviours with significant differences. The presented data plainly demonstrate that the lipophilic lipoic acid has a distinct higher penetration potential than the hydrophilic carcinine. The chosen vehicle can enhance or reduce the transdermal delivery of both tested antioxidants. Modern effective cosmetic formulations will work only, if the active ingredients penetrate into the epidermis. In conclusion, the correct selection of a suitable formulation plays an important role during product development.

Electronic Resource

0005-7894

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Psychology

Electronic Resource

0003-9861

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0305-0491

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Electronic Resource

1745-7599

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

To explore reasons for the incorrect usage of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) by examining the relationship between patients' abilities to comprehend and/or recall information presented to them by nurse practitioners (NPs) and the communicator style of their NP.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Data SourcesA convenience sample of 46 OCP users completed an instrument designed to test their comprehension of OCP use and an instrument designed to measure the communicator style of their NP.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsA multiple stepwise regression revealed that attentive and friendly communicator styles were positive predictors and the communicator image and dramatic styles were negative predictors of comprehension.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Practice ImplicationsUnwanted pregnancies that result from non-compliance with OCP regimens can have significant social and financial effects. A lack of understanding of proper OCP use may depend on the style of communication a NP uses to convey crucial information regarding the regimen.

Electronic Resource

1432-0886

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary 1. ThePentatomini, which constitute a single Tribe within one of the Subfamilies of the hemipteran FamilyPentatomidae, include an unusually large number of species. Though these species vary considerably in their size and color, they are very uniform in their essential external and internal morphology. 2. Uniformity also characterizes such features in the Tribe as the chromosome number and meiotic behavior. But in the eleven species here investigated, this uniformity does not extend to the DNA content of the male meiotic cells, as determined by Feulgen cytophotometry. 3. The lowest DNA content is found inThyanta which, in this respect, is well separated from an intermediate group whose DNA values vary around a mean that is roughly double the lowest amount. Some evidence is available that a still higher multiple of DNA may be represented in theAcrosternum-Nezara complex of species. 4. In view of these cytochemical data, the multiplicity of species coupled with a striking uniformity of morphological and cytological features is provisionally explained on the basis of varying polyteny.

Electronic Resource

1432-0886

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary (1) Breakage of chromosomes was induced by X-rays in adult and nymphal males of Euschistus servus, E. tristigmus and Solubea pugnax (Pentatomidae; Hemiptera-Heteroptera). (2) The diffuse nature of the kinetochore is demonstrated by the ability of chromosome fragments to perpetuate themselves mitotically through many cell generations of spermatogonia. (3) Free fragments, when not immobilized by the effects of radiation, are also capable of meiotic mitosis. A holokinetic, rather than a telomeric, nature is thus demonstrated for the meiotic restriction of kinetochore activity to chromosome ends, normal for Heteroptera and certain other Hemiptera. (4) Simple fragmentation as a factor in the evolution of compound sex chromosomes is supported by the observation that fragments of the X chromosome co-orient with the Y in a typical “touch and go” pairing. (5) The results are discussed with relation to problems of kinetochore structure and mitosis.

Electronic Resource

1432-0886

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary 1. The tropical species of the genus Thyanta conform, in their chromosome formula (2n♂=12+XY, 2n♀=12+2X), to that which is typical for the Family of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera), while the more northern species examined by us have either added a pair of chromosomes (T. custator and T. pallidovirens) or have doubled the basic number (T. calceata). 2. Hybrids between T. custator and T. pallidovirens show only minor disturbances in their meiosis, and the hybrid spermatids carry the same number of chromosomes and amount of DNA as are present in the spermatids of either parent species. 3. The meiosis of the hybrid between T. calceata and T. pallidovirens is quite abnormal and there is no chromosome pairing. Nevertheless, chromosome segregation is not completely at random and some functional sperms are formed. 4. The nuclei of the six species of Thyanta tested show little difference in their DNA contents. On the other hand, the nuclei of another pentatomid, Arvelius, contain at least twice as much DNA. 5. In considering the evolutionary origin of such a high chromosome number as that of T. calceata, the evidence adduced in the present investigation more or less precludes the involvement of polyploidy. Instead, some type of fragmentation was probably responsible for the doubled number. 6. It is difficult to conceive of such fragmentation as occurring transversely through the chromosomes. We propose a consideration of “longitudinal fragmentation” or better, a separation of the chromatids of each chromosome and the establishment of “echromatid autonomy”. 7. Except where polyploidy is involved, great differences in the nuclear contents of DNA, as observed between some Classes and Orders, must in certain cases be due to different degrees of polyteny and not to the addition of new or different genes. Our evidence demonstrates that relatively large differences of DNA may also exist in systematic groups of a lower category, such as the Genera of the same Tribe, or perhaps even the Species of the same Genus. On this basis, the degree of polyteny may differ even in closely related forms.

Electronic Resource

0362-2525

Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Biology

Medicine

23 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0362-2525

Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Biology

Medicine

14 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0730-2312

c-myb rearrangement ; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ; panspecific hemopoietin ; interlcukin-3 ; autostimulation ; myeloid leukemia ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

WEHI-274 is a monocytic leukemia that arose in a BALB/c mouse infected with Abelson murine leukemia virus. A series of subclones were derived from early passages of this tumor. Three subsets of these leukemogenic subclones were identified. Two subsets demonstrated autostimulatory patterns of growth. This was due to the ectopic production of the T-cell lymphokine the panspecific hemopoietin IL-3 in one case and of the T-cell lymphokine granulocyte-macro-phage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the other. The third type of subclone did not secrete any autostimulatory growth factor. In the subclone producing IL-3, one copy of IL-3 gene was rearranged and abnormal IL-3 RNA transcripts were present in the nucleus. Subclones producing GM-CSF also contained abnormal GM-CSF RNA transcripts, although no rearrangement of the GM-CSF gene was detected. All three sets of subclones shared a common rearrangement of one c-myb oncogene, suggesting that they share a common ancestor. These results suggest that initiation or progression of leukemogenic behavior in this abnormal clone occurred in three different ways, two of which involved autostimulation by the ectopic activation of T-cell lymphokine genes.

1 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0377-0486

Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Using NIR-FT Raman spectroscopy we have obtained useful spectra of many kinds of biomaterials. These spectra contain - with only simple sample preparation - information that can be used both for component analysis and for tissue identification. In addition, pathological changes in the spectra of eye lenses and of brain, liver and colon tissues are observed, demonstrating the usefulness of the technique as a tool of medical diagnosis.

12 Ill.

Electronic Resource

2020-04-20

Auf dem Hintergrund des Paradigmenwandels in der Entwicklungstheorie und Entwicklungspolitik untersucht der Autor die gegenwärtigen Perspektiven von Partizipation und Entwicklungsplanung, insbesondere im Bereich der Stadtentwicklung. Seine Darstellung umfasst die Modelle von Partizipation und Entscheidungsfindung, das Verhältnis von Frauen und Partizipation, die politische Dimension der Partizipation, die Klassenbildung, bestehende Hindernisse auf dem Weg zur Partizipation, die Bürgerbeteiligung in Stadtentwicklung und -planung sowie die Stufen des Planungsprozesses. Im letzten Teil seines Beitrages berichtet der Autor von einigen Beteiligungsprojekten aus der Entwicklungsplanung in Asien, die sich z.B. auf folgende Bereiche beziehen: Umwelt, ökonomische Entwicklung, Slumsanierung, Gesundheit und nachbarschaftliche Organisationen. (ICI)

Sociology & anthropology ; Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie ; Sociology of Developing Countries, Developmental Sociology ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Stadtplanung ; Regionalplanung ; Partizipation ; Asien ; Entwicklungstheorie ; Gemeinschaft ; Planungsprozess ; Bürgerbeteiligung ; Entwicklungshilfe ; development planning ; urban planning ; regional planning ; participation ; Asia ; development theory ; community ; planning process ; citizens' participation ; development aid

Arbeitspapier, working paper

2020-04-20

Formale Finanzmärkte fallen nach der üblichen Definition unter die Aufsicht und Kontrolle staatlicher Organe bzw. sie können durch das finanzpolitische Instrumentarium (weitgehende) gesteuert werden. Dies geschieht hauptsächlich durch eine Zentralbank. Definitionsgemäß sind dann informale Finanzmärkte solche, die sich solchen Kontrollen (weitgehend) entziehen. Das vorliegende Arbeitspapier zeigt, daß diese Unterscheidung von strategischer Bedeutung für die Wirtschaftsförderung und Entwicklungspolitik ist, d.h., daß der Zugang zu billigen Krediten auch für Klein- und Einzelunternehmer (grassroot level) eine notwendige Bedingung für das Wirtschaftswachstum in den Entwicklungsländern ist. Der Autor analysiert einige typische Konstellationen der Finanzlandschaften in den Entwicklungsländern, um einen optimales, idealtypisches Instrumentarium für finanzpolitische Entwicklungsstrategien zu finden. (ICE)

Wirtschaft ; Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Sociology & anthropology ; Economics ; Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie ; Finanzwirtschaft, Rechnungswesen ; Sociology of Developing Countries, Developmental Sociology ; Financial Planning, Accountancy ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Entwicklungsland ; Kredit ; Finanzpolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Kontrolle ; Zentralbank ; Finanzmarkt ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; development policy ; developing country ; credit ; fiscal policy ; economic growth ; finance ; control ; central bank ; financial market ; economic policy

Arbeitspapier, working paper

2020-04-20

Das vorliegende Arbeitspapier diskutiert die Frage, welchen Wandel Moral bzw. Ethik durch den Prozeß fortschreitender Globalisierung erfahren. Als Hintergrundtheorie dient Norbert Elias' Zivilisationstheorie. Im "Prozeß der Zivilisation" analysiert Elias die seit dem Mittelalter stattfindende Transformation der traditionalen Gesellschaften bis zur postindustriellen Gesellschaft durch das "Vorrücken der Peinlichkeitsschwelle" und gesteigerter affektiver Selbstkontrolle. Im Rahmen dieses Ansatzes zeigt der Autor im ersten Teil, wie nationalstaatliche Orientierungen durch die Globalisierung hauptsächlich in der ökonomischen und politischen Sphäre erodieren bei gleichzeitigen Regionalisierungs- und Fragmentierungstendenzen. Durch die entstehende "Weltgesellschaft" werden auch die "klassischen" Steuerungsmedien nationaler Gesellschaft (Markt, Staat und Moral) tangiert. Im dritten Teil begründet der Autor, warum die Entstehung einer "globalen Moral" bzw. verbindlichen universalen Ethik nicht zwangsläufig mit diesem Zivilisationsprozeß verbunden ist. (ICE)

Sociology & anthropology ; Philosophy ; Philosophie ; Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Macrosociology, Analysis of Whole Societies ; Philosophy, Ethics, Religion ; Soziologie von Gesamtgesellschaften ; Philosophie, Theologie ; Gewaltmonopol ; Elias, N. ; Weltpolitik ; Moral ; Ethik ; Globalisierung ; Weltmarkt ; Nationalstaat ; Weltgesellschaft ; Zivilisation ; Regionalisierung ; world politics ; nation state ; civilization ; globalization ; morality ; ethics ; monopoly on violence ; regionalization ; world market ; world society ; Grundlagenforschung ; basic research

Arbeitspapier, working paper