Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:SURONO)

2025-02-18

The complexity of the corporate world has led companies to become major players in corruption-related activities, including bribery. While the National Criminal Code acknowledges businesses as entities subject to criminal law, implementing vicarious liability in instances of memeplexes bribery needs additional clarification. This study investigates the implementation of the idea of vicarious liability for corporations regarding their involvement in corruption in Indonesia, particularly following the passage of the National Criminal Code (Law No 1/2023). The study employs a juridical-normative methodology utilising a statutory and conceptual framework, examining primary and secondary legal documents through a qualitative-descriptive lens. The findings indicate that the National Criminal Code incorporates the notion of identification and vicarious culpability in corporate accountability, broadening its applicability to those who effectively run the organisation. Vicarious liability in mediating bribery necessitates evidence of a causal link between the bribery act and the corporation's interests. The research's originality lies in its comprehensive analysis of how vicarious liability corresponds with established principles of criminal law, especially in the context of corporate bribery after the introduction of the National Criminal Code.

Recht ; Law ; Bribery; National Criminal Code; Medeplegen; Vicarious Liability ; Aktiengesellschaft ; Korruption ; Haftung ; Indonesien ; corporation ; corruption ; liability ; Indonesia

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

1365-2621

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Salted-dried mackerel (Scomber scombrus) was prepared using fresh fish or fish which had been stored in ice for 75h and four methods of salting, namely 15% brine, saturated brine, pickle and dry salting. Samples were analysed for available lysine, thiamine and riboflavin before salting, after salting, after drying and after 1 month's storage at 20°C. Final losses of each of these nutrients were lowest when the fish were pickle cured. Losses were also lower when fresher raw material was used. the use of good quality fish and a pickle salting method is therefore recommended for this type of product.

Electronic Resource

1572-9540

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract The electrochemical intercalation of Li+ into hafnium-doped TiS2 was studied using time-differential perturbed angular correlations (TDPAC). The181Ta nuclear quadrupole interaction was monitored as a function of the charge transfer,n F. For low uptakes, 0≤n F≤0.03, a two-phase region was found with an empty host interaction, characterized byV q=458(4) MHz, η=0.19(3) and δ-0.083(5), and a second interaction corresponding to lithiated material withv q=597(5) MHz, η=0.13(4) and δ=0.061(5). No evidence was found for intermediate phases.

Electronic Resource

1572-9540

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract Measurements of the electric field gradient (efg) at F impurity sites in crystalline silicon and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) have been compared with cluster model calculations using both Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) formalisms. The technique of time-differential perturbed angular distributions of γ-ravs was employed to derive the efg parameters following implantation of19F via the19F(p, p′)19F* reaction. For the case of HOPG the DFT method gave closer agreement with the experimental values of ¦V zz¦=3.24(14)×1022V/m2 andη=0.16(3), yieldingV zz=−3.09×1022V/m2andη=0.13 for19F at a site between the layers with point group symmetry C2h and inter-layer spacingd=3.70 Å. For19F implantation in silicon three sites were found corresponding to quadrupole frequencies 23.2(3) MHz, 35.2(3) MHz and 37.1(5) MHz. Both HF and DFT calculations are consistent with the assignment of interstitial antibonding and bond centre sites for the 23.2 and 35.2 MHz, respectively. In the former case, the F atom is located 1.81 Å along a 〈111〉 direction from a silicon atom; in the latter situation the Si-Si bond length is found to expand by 1.02 Å from its normal lattice value. It is speculated that the third interaction, which occurs at only the 10% level, possibly arises from sites associated with a defect or other impurity. To achieve a reduction in cluster size, the completion of dangling bonds with atoms other than hydrogen was investigated. The results were found to be comparable.

Electronic Resource

1572-9540

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract The TDPAD technique has been used to investigate quadrupole interactions of19F*(E x =197 keV,J π=5/2+,T 1/2=88.5 ns) and22Na*(E x =583 keV,J π=1+,T 1/2=243 ns) in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). For19F* a single static quadrupole interaction was found with field gradientV ZZ =3.24(19) × 1018 V/cm2. For the case of22Na* no quadrupole interaction was detected, leading to the conclusion that |QV ZZ |〈5.2(5) × 1015 b V/cm2. TakingQ=0.06 b for the 583 keV state on the basis ofB(E2) measurements and theoretical estimates, we find that |V ZZ | 〈8.7(8) × 1016 V/cm2. The data demonstrate the advantages of using HOPG as a host material for the study of quadrupole interactions.

Electronic Resource