Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:S. Wan)

2018-06-02

Institute of Physics (IOP)

1757-8981

1757-899X

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

2018-04-07

Institute of Physics (IOP)

1757-8981

1757-899X

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

2018-05-23

Institute of Physics (IOP)

1757-8981

1757-899X

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

2018-11-09

Institute of Physics (IOP)

1757-8981

1757-899X

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

2018-11-09

Institute of Physics (IOP)

1757-8981

1757-899X

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

2013-09-06

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Cell Respiration ; Circadian Rhythm ; *Darkness ; Ecosystem ; *Geography ; *Global Warming ; Photosynthesis/radiation effects ; Plants/*metabolism/radiation effects ; Sunlight ; Temperature

2013-06-15

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Diphosphate/*metabolism/*pharmacology ; Animals

2018-12-15

The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

1078-0432

1557-3265

Medicine

2018-12-15

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

2375-2548

Natural Sciences in General

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

We consider the interpretation of some theoretical and experimental work regarding electromigration voiding in nanoindented, single crystal aluminum lines. A recently suggested voiding criterion of a critical accumulated flux divergence is found, in fact, to be identical to the widely accepted critical stress criterion. The inclusion of the stress dependence of the atomic diffusion coefficient is shown to be vital when the steady state is characterized by J≠0, such as in the case of a void growing at a constant rate. It is found, for example, that the stress required for steady void growth, within single crystal Al lines, is probably significantly smaller than previously suggested. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

2018-02-21

The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)

0022-1767

1550-6606

Medicine

2018-10-31

Institute of Physics (IOP)

1755-1307

1755-1315

Geography

Geosciences

Physics

2018-09-05

The Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM)

0022-3123

Medicine

2018-11-15

Royal Society

2054-5703

Natural Sciences in General

biochemistry

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

A new model of "new donors'' is presented, based on electrical, infrared measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution electron microscopy observations on Czochralski-grown silicon single crystals containing "new donors.'' In this model, the electrical activity of "new donors'' originates from the uncoordinated Si dangling bonds on small dislocation loops resulting from oxygen precipitation. In comparison with other models, the present model can better explain the experimental results of the heat treatment Czochralski-grown Si wafers.

Electronic Resource

1540-8191

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a well recognized phenomenon, which is associated with polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) recruitment, endothelial adhesion and sequestration into the lungs. This process is supported by reports of a decrease in systemic PMN numbers, increase PMN count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. We investigated the effects of maintaining lung ventilation during CPB on blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) PMN count and activation.30 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with the use of CPB were randomly divided into two groups. Mechanical ventilation was maintained at 5 cycles per minute with a tidal volume of 5 mls per kg and FiO2 of 50% during cardioplegic cardiac arrest in the ventilated group, whereas ventilation was discontinued in the standard fashion for the control group. Blood was collected and BAL was performed immediately after induction of anaesthesia and 4 hours after aortic declamping. Flow cytometry was used to measure PMN count and their cell surface expression of CD11b.There was no mortality or significant morbidity. Baseline values, duration of CPB and aortic cross clamping were similar between the two groups. Circulating PMN (pre-op 11956 ± 506 vs post-op 15487 ± 226, mean ± SEM, p 〈 0.0001) and BAL PMN (pre-op 4425 ± 716 vs post-op 7472 ± 902, p= 0.0022) increased in all patients after CPB. However, postoperative circulating PMN levels were significantly higher in the ventilated group compared with the controls (ventilated 16121 ± 251 vs controls 15000 ± 290, p= 0.021). There was a trend towards lower postoperative BAL PMN count in the ventilated group (7188 ± 1216) compared with the controls (7730 ± 1372). Meanwhile, although blood PMN CD11b expressions were significantly increased postoperatively in all patients (pre-op 265 ± 39 vs postop 358 ± 40, p = 0.0037), they were lower in the ventilated group compared with controls (ventilated 17798 ± 201 vs controls 18361 ± 220, p= 0.037). There was also a trend towards lower BAL PMN CD11b expression in ventilated group (1011 ± 200) compared with the controls (1204 ± 182).In summary, we observed that maintaining ventilation during cardioplegic cardiac arrest can attenuate PMN activation. It also appears that the higher postoperative circulating PMN levels in the ventilated group may result from reduced pulmonary PMN sequestration. These findings support the hypothesis that maintaining ventilation throughout CPB could reduce postoperative lung injury.

Electronic Resource

1540-8191

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Abstract  Background: Neural reorganization occurs in porcine vein grafts and placement of an external stent reduces graft occlusion. Aim of the study: To determine the effect of external stenting on the innervation of porcine vein grafts. Methods: Saphenous vein into carotid artery grafting (with and without external stents) was performed in 16 pigs. After one and six months, grafts were removed, nerves were counted, and neointima was assessed. Results: In vein graft compared to ungrafted vein, there was a significant (p 〈 0.05) decrease in medial perivascular nerves, but a dramatic increase in paravascular nerves in the adventitia (p 〈 0.05). In stented vein grafts there was also a reduction of perivascular nerves and the paravascular nerve proliferation observed in vein grafts at one month was inhibited (p 〈 0.05). Neointima formation and the appearance of large paravascular nerve bundles in the adventitia of vein grafts were abolished by external stenting. Conclusions: Neural reorganization plays a role in vein-graft failure, possibly through the local release of mitogens; the prevention of this reorganization contributes to the inhibitory effect of the external stent on neointima formation.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The electron photoionization cross-section spectra of the Si:Pd EA level at various temperatures are obtained for the first time. It is shown that the cross-section spectra around the threshold energy shift to lower energy when the temperature rises. Instead of the variation of the energy gap or the broadening effect of lattice relaxation, photothermal excitation via an excited state at 45 meV below the bottom of the conduction band causes this energy shift. The energy from the ground state to the excited state derived from both optical and thermal data is 370 meV.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The electrical properties and structural defects of Te-doped GaAs grown in space have been investigated by using various techniques. The experimental results confirm that the microgravity conditions offer some advantages for the melt growth of III-V compound semiconductor materials; improvements of homogeneity and perfection as well as purity of the space GaAs single crystal are expected.

Electronic Resource

1365-2486

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Geography

In order to facilitate interpretation and comparison of warming effects on ecosystems across various habitats, it is imperative to quantify changes in microclimate induced by warming facilities. This paper reports observed changes in air temperature, soil temperature and soil-moisture content under experimental warming and clipping in a tallgrass prairie in the Great Plains, USA. We used a factorial design with warming as the primary factor nested with clipping as the secondary factor. Infrared heater was used in order to simulate climatic warming and clipping to mimic mowing for hay or grazing. The warming treatment significantly increased daily mean and minimum air temperatures by 1.1 and 2.3 °C, respectively, but had no effect on daily maximum air temperature, resulting in reduced diurnal air-temperature range. Infrared heaters substantially increased daily maximum (2.5 and 3.5 °C), mean (2.0 and 2.6 °C) and minimum (1.8 and 2.1 °C) soil temperatures in both the unclipped and clipped subplots. Clipping also significantly increased daily maximum (3.4 and 4.3 °C) and mean (0.6 and 1.2 °C) soil temperatures, but decreased daily minimum soil temperature (1.0 and 0.6 °C in the control and warmed plots, respectively). Daily maximum, mean and minimum soil temperatures in the clipped, warmed subplots were 6.8, 3.2 and 1.1 °C higher than those in the unclipped, control subplots. Infrared heaters caused a reduction of 11.0% in soil moisture in the clipped subplots, but not in the unclipped subplots. Clipping reduced soil-moisture content by 17.7 and 22.7% in the control and warmed plots, respectively. Experimental warming and clipping interacted to exacerbate soil-moisture loss (26.7%). Overall, infrared heaters simulated climate warming well by enhancing downward infrared radiation and by reducing the diurnal air-temperature range.

Electronic Resource