Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:S. Rupp)

2018-11-20

The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)

0022-1767

1550-6606

Medicine

2016-03-19

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Escherichia coli/immunology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*immunology ; Germ-Free Life ; Immune System/*growth & development/*microbiology ; Immunity, Innate/genetics/*immunology ; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired/genetics/*immunology ; Intestines/*immunology ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pregnancy ; Symbiosis ; Transcription, Genetic

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Spark-processed silicon (sp-Si) that strongly photoluminesces (PL) in the blue and green regions of the visible spectrum has been analyzed by Raman scattering, in order to probe a possible relationship between the presence and size of Si nanoparticles and PL emission wavelengths. Spatially resolved Raman spectra were measured across spark-processed regions, scanning areas which vary in PL intensity but not wavelength. The observed small shifts and broadenings of the Raman signals indicate the presence of Si particles having diameters of about 15 nm in the central, photoluminescing section of the sp region. Slightly smaller Si crystallites with sizes of about 8–9 nm were found in the halo region which does not contribute to PL. Furthermore, the Raman peak shifts and broadenings are essentially identical for blue and green photoluminescing sp-Si. These results suggest that the PL of sp-Si is not caused by a quantum-size effect which is coupled to the presence of Si nanoparticles. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1365-2958

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Medicine

lacZ expression as a reporter. This screen identified both known components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and the cAMP cascade that are important for hyphal development in C. albicans, as well as genes not yet known to be involved in morphogenesis. The Candida homologue of MCM1 is one of the novel factors identified in this screen as being important for morphogenesis. CaMcm1p levels do not vary significantly in different cell types and respond to an autoregulatory feedback mechanism, arguing that CaMcm1p activity is regulated by post-translational modifications. Both overexpression and repression of this essential gene led to the induction of hyphae. Moreover, we found that the expression of HWP1, a hyphae-specific gene, was induced by repression of CaMCM1. The changes in morphology and HWP1 expression were not the result of a change in expression levels of NRG1 or TUP1, known repressors of hyphal development. Thus, CaMcm1p is a component of a hitherto unknown regulatory mechanism of hyphal growth.

Electronic Resource

1365-2958

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Medicine

Cell wall dynamics in Candida albicans, the most common fungal pathogen in man, underlie regulatory processes during the yeast-to-hyphae transition. To analyse this regulation at the transcriptional level, we have established a DNA microarray representing genes implicated in cell wall biogenesis. Using these microarrays, we were able to identify YWP1 and HWP2 that are specifically transcribed in the yeast or hyphal growth form respectively. Cluster analysis revealed at least two major clusters of genes: cluster I comprised genes that were upregulated under at least one hyphae-inducing condition. Three as yet not further characterized genes were attributed to cluster II. These genes were transcribed in the yeast form of C. albicans and were downregulated in an EFG1-dependent manner under specific hyphae-inducing conditions. We show further that, in contrast to CPH1, EFG1 plays a major role in the transcriptional regulation of cell wall proteins under the conditions investigated. EFG1 was essential for the transcription of both hyphae-specific genes such as HWP1 and HWP2 as well as the yeast form-specific gene YWP1. Moreover, we found that, under various conditions, EFG1 also can act as a strong repressor for the transcription of RBE1, another not yet characterized cell wall protein. Overall, our data show that EFG1 plays a major role in the induction and repression of cell wall genes, not only in the hyphal form but also in the yeast form of C. albicans.

Electronic Resource

0955-0674

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Medicine

Electronic Resource

0014-5793

Active site mutant ; Proteolysis: Aspartate proteinase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Yeast

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

1433-0385

Schlüsselwörter: Kreuzbandrekonstruktion ; Revisionseingriff ; Arthrofibrose ; Re-Kreuzbandplastik. ; Keywords: ACL reconstruction ; Revision ACL reconstruction ; Arthrofibrosis ; Knee revision surgery.

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract. Anterior cruciate revision reconstruction is gaining more and more importance. Postoperative infection, a painful knee, limited range of motion and instability may make a second operation necessary. Results after revision ACL reconstruction are worse than results after primary ACL reconstruction. Analysis of the causes of failure and a therapeutic concept that is tailored to the individual case are preconditions for a successful reintervention. Revision ACL reconstruction has to be performed by an experienced knee surgeon who masters all the necessary techniques, from arthroscopy to arthrotomy and should be carefully planned.

Zusammenfassung. Revisionseingriffe nach vorderer Kreuzbandplastik gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Postoperative Infektion, Schmerz, Bewegungseinschränkung und verbliebene oder erneute Instabilität erfordern in vielen Fällen eine erneute operative Intervention. Ergebnisse nach Re-Kreuzbandplastik sind durchweg schlechter als nach dem Primäreingriff. Analyse des Versagensmechanismus und ein darauf abgestimmtes Therapiekonzept sind Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Revision. Revisionseingriffe nach fehlgeschlagener vorderer Kreuzbandrekonstruktion bleiben dem versierten Kniechirurgen vorbehalten, der die gesamte Palette von den arthroskopischen bis zu den offenen Verfahren beherrscht. Improvisation hat keinen Raum beim Revisionseingriff.

Electronic Resource

1433-0431

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1433-0431

Schlüsselwörter Tendinosis calcarea ; Präkalzifikationsstadium ; Postkalzifikationsstadium ; ESWT ; Needling ; Key words Calcifying tendenitis ; Precalcific stage ; Postcalcific stage

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Calcifying tendinitis of the rotator cuff is a common disorder of the shoulder which affects mainly individuals between 30 and 50 years of age. The etiology is still a matter of speculation. The calcification is a reactive process actively mediated by cells in a viable environment. The deposit undergoes an evolution (precalcific stage – calcific stage with formative phase, resting period and resorption – postcalcific stage), which ultimately remodels normal tendon tissue. However, the evolutionary stages of the disease do not always follow the typical sequence. A symptomatic deposit may persist or postcalcific tendinitis develop. The treatment should be based on the knowledge of the natural history of the disease, which shows a strong tendency towards self-healing by spontaneous resorption of the deposit. The stage of evolution of the disease should be judged, combining pain history, morphology of the deposit on plain X-rays, and ultrasound findings. The therapeutic approach depends on the evolution of the disease. During the resorption phase we favor a conservative approach. For deposits which are not under resorption we propose a concept which consists of three steps: a conservative approach, extracorporal shock wave therapy (ESWT) or needling, and arthroscopic surgery. The efficacy of ESWT and needling has still to be proven. Patients with persisting pain after steps 1 and 2 are candidates for surgical removal of the deposit. We prefer the arthroscopic approach. In some cases an additional arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASD) is indicated.

Zusammenfassung Die Tendinosis calcarea der Rotatorenmanschette (RM) ist eine häufige Ursache von Schulterbeschwerden insbesondere in der Altersgruppe zwischen 30 und 50 Jahren. Die Erkrankung ist grundsätzlich benigne, die Ätiologie noch nicht geklärt. Die Verkalkung entsteht reaktiv in vitalem Sehnengewebe und durchläuft typischerweise sequenziell definierte Stadien, die als geschlossener Evolutionszyklus betrachtet werden können (Präkalzifikationsstadium – Kalzifikationsstadium mit Formationsphase, Ruhephase und Resorptionsphase – Postkalzifikationsstadium), der in der Restitutio ad integrum seinen Abschluss findet. Abweichungen von diesem Ablauf sind möglich in Form der schmerzhaften Depotpersistenz und der Postkalzifikationstendinitis. Der natürliche Verlauf mit relativ hoher Spontanresorptionsrate ist die Basis der therapeutischen Überlegungen. Die Zuordnung des Einzelfalls zu einem Entwicklungsstadium sollte deshalb angestrebt werden. Sinnvoll ist eine Synopse aus klinischem Verlauf, Röntgenmorphologie und Sonomorphologie des Depots. Im Resorptionsstadium sollte die Therapie konservativ symptomatisch sein. In den übrigen Stadien sollte die Therapiewahl einem Stufenprinzip folgen: Konservativ-extrakorporale Stoßwellentherapie (ESWT) oder Needlingarthroskopische Depotausräumung. Der Stellenwert des Needling wie der ESWT sind noch nicht eindeutig definiert. Die hohen Anfangserwartungen erscheinen nicht gerechtfertigt. Patienten mit therapieresistenten Beschwerden sollten nach Durchlaufen der ersten beiden Therapiestufen mit operativer Entfernung des Kalkdepots behandelt werden. Das Verfahren wird in derRegel arthroskopisch durchgeführt. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen ist ergänzend eine arthroskopische subakromiale Dekompression (ASD) indiziert.

Electronic Resource

1433-0431

Schlüsselwörter Endoprothese • Kniegelenk • Komplikation ; Keywords Total knee arthroplasty • Complications • Condylar knee

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The implantation of a condylar knee has remained a challenge for surgeons and the equipment of the hospital. In contrast to total hip arthroplasty, not only is the correct insertion of the implant crucial, but also the treatment of the surrounding soft tissues. Mediolateral soft tissue balance and balance between flexion and extension gaps, as well as centering the patella, have to be done carefully. The soft tissue envelope of the knee joint is thin and prone to necrosis after multiple incisions. Damage to the extension mechanism can make a total joint useless. Tearing the patellar ligament from the tibial tuberosity must therefore be avoided by all means during operation. Precise cutting of the distal femur is only possible if excellent equipment is used by a skillful surgeon. The same is true for orientating saw cuts related to the long leg axes. These tasks can probably be taken over by navigation systems and robots in the future. Because the definite choice of implants has to be made intraoperatively, a complete modular system has to be present in the hospital. Only hospitals that can properly equip their surgeons to manage upcoming soft tissue problems and bony deficiencies should offer treatment to patients requiring condylar knee arthroplasty.

Zusammenfassung Der Einbau einer kondylären Knieendoprothese stellt nach wie vor hohe Ansprüche an Ausbildung des Operateurs und Ausstattung der Klinik. Im Gegensatz zum Einbau einer Hüftendoprothese spielt außer der Zurichtung des Knochens zur Aufnahme der Implantate insbesondere die korrekte Einstellung der „Weichteilbalance“ eine entscheidende Rolle. Darunter ist einerseits die gleichmäßige Einstellung der medialen und lateralen Kapsel-Band-Spannung in Beugung und Streckung, andererseits die Zentrierung der Kniescheibe im Gleitlager zu verstehen. Das Kniegelenk ist nur von einem dünnen Weichteilmantel umgeben und dieser demzufolge bei mehrfach operierten Gelenken nekrosegefährdet. Ein funktioneller Ausfall des Kniestreckapparats setzt auch die Knieendoprothese außer Funktion. Der Abriss des Lig. patellae an der Tuberositas tibiae ist deshalb unter allen Umständen zu vermeiden. Das passgenaue Zurechtsägen des distalen Femurs gelingt nur bei bester instrumenteller Ausstattung und manuellem Geschick des Operateurs. Dasselbe gilt für eine achsengerechte Ausrichtung der Sägeschnitte. Beide Aufgaben werden künftig durch Verwendung von Navigationssystemen bzw. Möglicherweise auch durch den Einsatz von Operationsrobotern vereinfacht werden. Da die endgültige Auswahl der Prothesenkomponenten intraoperativ erfolgt, muss eine modulare Ausstattung mit der Möglichkeit der Beherrschung von knöchernen Defekten und Instabilitäten zur Ausstattung jeder Klinik gehören, die kondyläre Prothesen einsetzt.

Electronic Resource

1433-0431

Key words Arthrodesis • Shoulder • Deltoid muscle • Paralysis of deltoid • Shoulder fusion ; Schlüsselwörter Arthrodese • Schulter • Muskulus deltoideus • Deltoideuslähmung • Schulterarthrodese

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Zusammenfassung Bei Ausfall der aktiven Schulterbeweglichkeit kann der Arm nicht mehr im Raum positioniert werden und ist damit schwer funktionsgemindert. Die Schulterarthrodese schafft eine Plattform für die Bewegung von Ellbogen, Hand und Fingern und damit einen Funktionsgewinn. Die Arthrodese wird durch Verwendung der Rekonstruktionsplatte technisch vereinfacht, bleibt aber trotzdem eine anspruchsvolle Operation. Sie ist besonders geeignet bei Patienten mit gut erhaltener Funktion von Ellbogen und Hand und hohem funktionellem Anspruch. Sie ist jedoch irreversibel und konkurriert an der Lähmungsschulter mit den Muskelersatzoperationen einerseits und der Oberarmamputation andererseits.

Summary After loss of active glenohumeral motion the arm cannot be positioned in space and function is impaired. Fusion of the glenohumeral joint creates a new platform for the movement of elbow, hand and fingers and leads to an improvement of function. The use of the reconstructive plate makes the operation easier. Shoulder fusion is especially suited if the function of elbow and hand is well preserved and if the patient is physically active. But fusion is definite and the options of muscle transfer operations and above elbow amputation have to be considered.

Electronic Resource

1433-044X

Schlüsselwörter Vordere Kreuzbandplastik ; Patellarsehne ; Entnahmeproblematik ; Key words Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction ; Patella tendon ; Donor site morbidity

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract In a retrospective study we examined the clinical and sonographic changes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with lig. patellae. 51 patients were evaluated clinically and sonografically after arthroscopically assisted ACL-reconstruction with a bone-patella tendon 3–6 years (mean 4,3 years) postoperatively. Certainly 18 patients (35%) reported about an anterior knee pain, but only 2 patients (4%) complained about pain during activities of daily living and 3 patients (6%) about pain during slight sports activities. Retropatellar crepitations was found in 24 patients (47%) on the operated side and at 11 patients (22%) on the non operated side. Twenty nine patients (57%) complained about a discomfort or pain when kneeling on the operated side. In13 patients (26%) sonography showed a shortening of the patella ligament by 4 mm or more. Only few patients are strongly limited in their activity by the anterior knee pain. Neither our results nor the literature give evidence, that the tendon defect is the underlying cause of this pain syndrome. However, the number of patients with pain during kneeling on the operated side was relatively high. The semitendinosus gracilis graft should be considered for patients who have to knee during working or recreational activities.

Zusammenfassung In einer retrospektiven Studie sollten die klinischen und sonographischen Veränderungen der Entnahmestelle nach vorderer Kreuzbandplastik mit dem Lig. patellae untersucht werden. 51 Patienten wurden 3–6 (im Mittel 4,3) Jahre nach arthroskopisch assistierter VKB-Plastik mit dem mittleren Patellarsehnendrittel klinisch und sonographisch nachuntersucht. Zwar gaben 18 Patienten (35%) Beschwerden im Sinne eines vorderen Knieschmerzes an, dieser trat jedoch nur bei 2 Patienten (4%) bei Alltagsbelastungen und bei weiteren 3 Patienten (6%) bei leichten sportlichen Belastungen auf. Retropatellare Krepitationen bestanden bei 24 Patienten (47%) auf der operierten Seite und bei 11 Patienten (22%) auf der nicht operierten Seite. 29 Patienten (57%) klagten beim Knien auf der operierten Seite über ein unangenehmes Gefühl oder über Schmerzen. Bei 13 Patienten (26%) war sonographisch eine Verkürzung der Patellarsehne von 4 mm oder mehr nachweisbar. Der Prozentsatz an Patienten, der durch vordere Knieschmerzen deutlich eingeschränkt ist, ist gering. Weder unsere Daten noch die Literatur belegen, daß der Transplantat-hebedefekt Hauptursache dieses Schmerzsyndroms ist. Allerdings ist die Zahl der Patienten, die beim direkten Knien auf der Entnahmestelle über Beschwerden klagten, relativ hoch, so daß für Patienten, die einen überwiegend knieenden Beruf ausüben, die Semitendinosus-Grazilis-Sehne als Transplantat eine sinnvolle Alternative ist.

Electronic Resource

1434-3916

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The objective was to verify different reports in the literature which show an increase of stability using vacuum-mixing of bone cement, by testing the fatigue properties of bone-cement specimens (Palacos R). Evacuation of the poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) and evacuation with additional pressurization (Draenert system) were used to manufacture the specimens. Although we found improvement in the ultimate bending strength for evacuated Palacos R, an increase of fatigue stability could not be found either for vaccum-mixed cement or for vacuum-mixed and compressed cement. As fatigue failure is one of the most important factors leading to aseptic loosening of cemented alloarthroplasties, we conclude that the long-term results cannot be improved by vaccum-mixing this cement.

Electronic Resource

1434-3916

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Preoperative selective embolisation was carried out on 17 patients with spinal metastases from various primary tumours. There was a significant reduction in the blood loss (2088 ml) and infusion volume requirement (3500 ml) and more favourable postoperative haemoglobin (Hb) development compared with the non-embolised but otherwise identical control group. The reduced intraoperative bleeding manifested itself in the form of greater clarity and a less complicated intraoperative course. Particularly with a dorsal approach, the reduced bleeding permitted more exact preparation and more extensive tumour resection. Preoperative embolisation is thus a valuable aid in spinal metastasis resection. Given suitable indications and exact positioning of the embolising material, no significant complications should arise. The method as a whole calls for close collaboration between interventional radiologists and spinal orthopaedists.

Electronic Resource

1434-3916

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Popliteal cysts in children differ from those in adults. They are considered to be less frequent and usually appear in the absence of intra-articular lesions. However, their prevalence in asymptomatic children is unknown. We present a prospective epidemiological study of 168 asymptomatic children under 15 years of age hospitalised for various pathologies. Children with knee problems and rheumatic diseases were excluded from the study. The children were examined ultrasonographically with a 7.5 MHz linear scanner. A popliteal cyst could be identified in 4 patients. The prevalence of asymptomatic popliteal cysts was thus 2.4%. For 2 of these patients, we obtained magnetic resonance image of the knee which showed no concommitant intra-articular pathology.

Electronic Resource

1434-3916

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The case of an 11-year-old girl presenting with a symptomatic popliteal cyst is described. There was no previous knee trauma nor could any inflammation be found. On MRI a concomitant retropatellar cartilage lesion had been detected preoperatively and was confirmed and treated by arthroscopy. The prevalence and treatment of popliteal cysts in children are discussed. Whereas in adults popliteal cysts are generally accompanied by intraarticular lesions, the presence of a concomitant intraarticular lesion in children is an extremely rare finding. We conclude that intraarticular lesions in the presence of popliteal cysts might have been underestimated as most of the studies regarding popliteal cysts in children were undertaken before the advent of arthroscopy, ultrasound, or MRI.

Electronic Resource

1434-3916

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Preoperative selective embolisation was carried out on 17 patients with spinal metastases from various primary tumours. There was a significant reduction in the blood loss (2088 ml) and infusion volume requirement (3500 ml) and more favourable postoperative haemoglobin (Hb) development compared with the non-embolised but otherwise identical control group. The reduced intraoperative bleeding manifested itself in the form of greater clarity and a less complicated intraoperative course. Particularly with a dorsal approach, the reduced bleeding permitted more exact preparation and more extensive tumour resection. Preoperative embolisation is thus a valuable aid in spinal metastasis resection. Given suitable indications and exact positioning of the embolising material, no significant complications should arise. The method as a whole calls for close collaboration between interventional radiologists and spinal orthopaedists.

Electronic Resource

1572-9575

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract Within the general framework of the relativistic Schrödinger theory, a new waveequation is identified which stands between Dirac's four-component spinorequation and the scalar one-component Klein–Gordon equation. It is atwo-component, first-order wave equation in pseudo-Riemannian spacetime which onone hand can take account of the Zitterbewegung (similar to the Dirac theory),but on the other hand describes spinless particles (just like the Klein–Gordontheory). In this way it is demonstrated that spin and Zitterbewegung areindependent phenomena despite the fact that both effects refer to a certain kindof internal motion. An extra variable for the internal motion can be introduced(similarly as in the Dirac theory) so that the new wave equation is reduced tothe Klein–Gordon case when the internal variable takes its trivial value and theinternal motion is not excited. The internal degree of freedom admits the occurenceof quasi-pure states (i.e., a special subset of the mixtures), which undergo atransition to a pure state in finite time. If the initial configuration is already apure state, this transition occurs in the form of a sudden jump to the final purestate. The coupling of the new wave field to gravity via the Einstein equationsmakes the Zitterbewegung manifest through the corresponding trembling of theextension of a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker universe.

Electronic Resource

1432-1041

Caffeine, Menstrual cycle ; pharmacokinetics, females

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Summary Increases in the levels of sex steroids due to pregnancy or oral contraceptive steroid use are known to decrease significantly the rate at which caffeine is eliminated from the body. An investigation has now been made into whether the changes in sex steroid levels that occur during normal menstrual cycling also affect the rate of caffeine elimination, especially whether hormonal shifts in the luteal phase are associated with slower elimination of caffeine. Repeated 24-hour caffeine elimination studies were conducted during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in 10 healthy women. Comparisons of the follicular and luteal phases revealed that systemic clearance of caffeine was slower in the luteal phase, although the t1,2 did not differ. The slowing effect was related to the proximity to onset of menstruation and to levels of progesterone. The evidence suggests that caffeine elimination may be slowed in the late luteal phase, prior to the onset of menstruation. Such a reduction would lead to increased accumulation of caffeine with repeated self-administration during the day, but the effect may be too small to be of clinical significance in the majority of women.

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