Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:S. Nakae)

2012-02-11

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Arenaviridae Infections/*immunology/pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Herpesviridae Infections/*immunology ; Interleukin-33 ; Interleukins/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/*immunology/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Necrosis ; Receptors, Interleukin/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Rhadinovirus/*immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Stromal Cells/immunology/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology/transplantation ; Tumor Virus Infections/immunology ; Up-Regulation ; Vaccinia virus/immunology ; Virus Replication

1089-7623

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

Since stratospheric particles have a possibility to make a large effect on the climate in a global scale, a number of observations have been carried out using different techniques.1 Those particles were found to consist of mainly sulfuric acid and to be 0.1–1.0 μm in size. Turco and co-workers proposed a model that the particles are formed through chemical and physical processes initiated by photodissociation of OCS (λ〈2600 A).2 In order to examine this model, a simulation experiment in a laboratory system has been planned, in which ultraviolet components of SR are utilized. An optical system including a Seya-Namioka monochromator has been designed, constructed, and tuned precisely.3 In this system, the first prefocusing mirror (sphere) deflects the SR beam horizontally by 30°, and the second and the third ones (sphere) focus the beam vertically onto the entrance slit of the monochromator. The grating radius is 0.5 m. The monochromatized photon beam is reflected into the horizontal direction by the postfocusing mirror (toroid). A ray-tracing calculation was performed, and the obtained spot diagrams showed that the widths of the rays are about 100 μm at the two slits, and the spot size is 1.5×0.8 mm2 at the experimental point.These calculated results were confirmed experimentally by using visible and ultraviolet components of SR. From an estimation on the rate of the particle formation using the data available in the literature, the rate determining step was found to be the photodissociation of OCS in the ultraviolet region. At first, the photoabsorption spectra (cross section) were measured at room temperature and at −80 °C (near to the stratospheric temperature). The spectrum is composed of a broad band centered at 2250 A(ring) and of a number of small peaks. Photodissociation rates of OCS at several altitudes have been calculated using the present cross-section values, which indicated that the life of OCS is about 15 years at 20 km and two months at 30 km. It is known that CO and S are formed through the photodissociation of OCS. A computer-controlled mass spectrometer was made for pursuit of the time variation of CO density in the reaction cell, in which the sample gas, a few percent OCS in He, is introduced and irradiated by the photon beam. A chamber has been designed and constructed, in which a pseudostratospheric air is being irradiated by the ultraviolet radiation. A particle counter of laser-scattering type is being connected to this chamber in order to observe the particle number in it. The present study is the first examination applying SR to problems in the stratosphere as a simulated solar radiation. The obtained results have shown opening a new scientific opportunity in the utilization of SR.

Electronic Resource

1434-4726

Non-obese diabetic mouse ; Cochlea ; Transmission electron microscopy

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary We used transmission electron microscopy to examine the cochleae of non-obese diabetic mice as animal models for human type I or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Pathological changes were observed in the organ of Corti of the basal turn and in the stria vascularis of each turn. Major findings in the stria vascularis were protrusion or condensation of marginal cells, swelling of intermediate cells, and widening of the intercellular spaces. Principal findings in the organ of Corti involved degenerative changes of the outer and inner hair cells and replacement of hair cells by supporting cells. No prominent pathological changes were observed in the capillaries. The possible mechanism of diabetic involvement in cochlear pathology is discussed.

Electronic Resource

0168-9002

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Physics

Electronic Resource

0168-9002

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Physics

Electronic Resource

1573-2665

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract S-Adenosylhomocysteine (S-AdoHcy) hydrolase activity in a lymphoblastoid cell line from a patient with adenosine deaminase deficiency disease (ADA(−)LCL) was found to be approximately 60% of that in ADA(+)lymphoblastoid cell lines.S-AdoHcy hydrolase of ADA(−)LCL was more sensitive to inhibition by 2′-deoxyadenosine as compared with that of ADA(+)LCL. The inhibitory effect of 2′-deoxyadenosine was evident in cell growth and immunoglobulin production of lymphoblastoid cell lines.

Electronic Resource

1434-4726

Diabetes mellitus ; KK mice ; Cochlea ; Transmission electron microscope

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary We examined the cochleae of the spontaneously diabetic KK mice by using transmission electron microscopy. At the age of 3 months, the mice started to show evidence for glycosuria and hyperglycemia, and tissue sections showed beginning cochlear pathology. The pathological changes present were found to be limited to the stria vascularis: protrusions of marginal cells, swellings of intermediate cells and widening of intercellular spaces were the main findings seen. These changes progressed with age, but were not observed in age-matched nondiabetic 57BL/6 mice. The possible mechanism of diabetes causing cochlear pathology is discussed.

Electronic Resource