Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:S. McCarthy)

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  1. 1
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2015-10-04
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Datasets as Topic ; Demography ; Disease Susceptibility ; Exome/genetics ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genetics, Medical ; Genetics, Population/*standards ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genomics/*standards ; Genotype ; Haplotypes/genetics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; INDEL Mutation/genetics ; *Internationality ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics ; Rare Diseases/genetics ; Reference Standards ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  2. 2
    P. H. Sudmant ; T. Rausch ; E. J. Gardner ; R. E. Handsaker ; A. Abyzov ; J. Huddleston ; Y. Zhang ; K. Ye ; G. Jun ; M. Hsi-Yang Fritz ; M. K. Konkel ; A. Malhotra ; A. M. Stutz ; X. Shi ; F. Paolo Casale ; J. Chen ; F. Hormozdiari ; G. Dayama ; K. Chen ; M. Malig ; M. J. Chaisson ; K. Walter ; S. Meiers ; S. Kashin ; E. Garrison ; A. Auton ; H. Y. Lam ; X. Jasmine Mu ; C. Alkan ; D. Antaki ; T. Bae ; E. Cerveira ; P. Chines ; Z. Chong ; L. Clarke ; E. Dal ; L. Ding ; S. Emery ; X. Fan ; M. Gujral ; F. Kahveci ; J. M. Kidd ; Y. Kong ; E. W. Lameijer ; S. McCarthy ; P. Flicek ; R. A. Gibbs ; G. Marth ; C. E. Mason ; A. Menelaou ; D. M. Muzny ; B. J. Nelson ; A. Noor ; N. F. Parrish ; M. Pendleton ; A. Quitadamo ; B. Raeder ; E. E. Schadt ; M. Romanovitch ; A. Schlattl ; R. Sebra ; A. A. Shabalin ; A. Untergasser ; J. A. Walker ; M. Wang ; F. Yu ; C. Zhang ; J. Zhang ; X. Zheng-Bradley ; W. Zhou ; T. Zichner ; J. Sebat ; M. A. Batzer ; S. A. McCarroll ; R. E. Mills ; M. B. Gerstein ; A. Bashir ; O. Stegle ; S. E. Devine ; C. Lee ; E. E. Eichler ; J. O. Korbel
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Published 2015
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2015-10-04
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Amino Acid Sequence ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genetics, Medical ; Genetics, Population ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genomics ; Genotype ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation Rate ; *Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Deletion/genetics
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  3. 3
    K. J. Brennand ; A. Simone ; J. Jou ; C. Gelboin-Burkhart ; N. Tran ; S. Sangar ; Y. Li ; Y. Mu ; G. Chen ; D. Yu ; S. McCarthy ; J. Sebat ; F. H. Gage
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Published 2011
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2011-04-15
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Adolescent ; Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cellular Reprogramming/genetics ; Child ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Loxapine/pharmacology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Neurites ; Neurons/*cytology/drug effects/*metabolism ; Phenotype ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism/pathology ; Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism ; Schizophrenia/*pathology ; Young Adult
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  4. 4
    H. F. Zheng ; V. Forgetta ; Y. H. Hsu ; K. Estrada ; A. Rosello-Diez ; P. J. Leo ; C. L. Dahia ; K. H. Park-Min ; J. H. Tobias ; C. Kooperberg ; A. Kleinman ; U. Styrkarsdottir ; C. T. Liu ; C. Uggla ; D. S. Evans ; C. M. Nielson ; K. Walter ; U. Pettersson-Kymmer ; S. McCarthy ; J. Eriksson ; T. Kwan ; M. Jhamai ; K. Trajanoska ; Y. Memari ; J. Min ; J. Huang ; P. Danecek ; B. Wilmot ; R. Li ; W. C. Chou ; L. E. Mokry ; A. Moayyeri ; M. Claussnitzer ; C. H. Cheng ; W. Cheung ; C. Medina-Gomez ; B. Ge ; S. H. Chen ; K. Choi ; L. Oei ; J. Fraser ; R. Kraaij ; M. A. Hibbs ; C. L. Gregson ; D. Paquette ; A. Hofman ; C. Wibom ; G. J. Tranah ; M. Marshall ; B. B. Gardiner ; K. Cremin ; P. Auer ; L. Hsu ; S. Ring ; J. Y. Tung ; G. Thorleifsson ; A. W. Enneman ; N. M. van Schoor ; L. C. de Groot ; N. van der Velde ; B. Melin ; J. P. Kemp ; C. Christiansen ; A. Sayers ; Y. Zhou ; S. Calderari ; J. van Rooij ; C. Carlson ; U. Peters ; S. Berlivet ; J. Dostie ; A. G. Uitterlinden ; S. R. Williams ; C. Farber ; D. Grinberg ; A. Z. LaCroix ; J. Haessler ; D. I. Chasman ; F. Giulianini ; L. M. Rose ; P. M. Ridker ; J. A. Eisman ; T. V. Nguyen ; J. R. Center ; X. Nogues ; N. Garcia-Giralt ; L. L. Launer ; V. Gudnason ; D. Mellstrom ; L. Vandenput ; N. Amin ; C. M. van Duijn ; M. K. Karlsson ; O. Ljunggren ; O. Svensson ; G. Hallmans ; F. Rousseau ; S. Giroux ; J. Bussiere ; P. P. Arp ; F. Koromani ; R. L. Prince ; J. R. Lewis ; B. L. Langdahl ; A. P. Hermann ; J. E. Jensen ; S. Kaptoge ; K. T. Khaw ; J. Reeve ; M. M. Formosa ; A. Xuereb-Anastasi ; K. Akesson ; F. E. McGuigan ; G. Garg ; J. M. Olmos ; M. T. Zarrabeitia ; J. A. Riancho ; S. H. Ralston ; N. Alonso ; X. Jiang ; D. Goltzman ; T. Pastinen ; E. Grundberg ; D. Gauguier ; E. S. Orwoll ; D. Karasik ; G. Davey-Smith ; A. V. Smith ; K. Siggeirsdottir ; T. B. Harris ; M. C. Zillikens ; J. B. van Meurs ; U. Thorsteinsdottir ; M. T. Maurano ; N. J. Timpson ; N. Soranzo ; R. Durbin ; S. G. Wilson ; E. E. Ntzani ; M. A. Brown ; K. Stefansson ; D. A. Hinds ; T. Spector ; L. A. Cupples ; C. Ohlsson ; C. M. Greenwood ; R. D. Jackson ; D. W. Rowe ; C. A. Loomis ; D. M. Evans ; C. L. Ackert-Bicknell ; A. L. Joyner ; E. L. Duncan ; D. P. Kiel ; F. Rivadeneira ; J. B. Richards
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Published 2015
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2015-09-15
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Animals ; Bone Density/*genetics ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Europe/ethnology ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Fractures, Bone/*genetics ; Gene Frequency/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics ; Genotype ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Wnt Proteins/genetics
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  5. 5
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2016-03-05
    Publisher:
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Print ISSN:
    0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN:
    1095-9203
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Computer Science
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Adult ; *Consanguinity ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Drug Prescriptions ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Fertility ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Genes, Lethal ; Genetic Loci ; Genome, Human ; Great Britain ; *Health ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/*genetics ; Homologous Recombination ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers ; Pakistan/ethnology ; Phenotype
    Published by:
    http://www.aaas.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  6. 6
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2015-09-15
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Adiponectin/blood ; Alleles ; Cohort Studies ; Disease/*genetics ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genetics, Medical ; Genetics, Population ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genomics ; Great Britain ; *Health ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism/genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Receptors, LDL/genetics ; Reference Standards ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Triglycerides/blood
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  7. 7
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2011-02-25
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Cell Line ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; DNA Copy Number Variations/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Dosage/genetics ; Genes, Duplicate/*genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Inheritance Patterns/genetics ; Male ; Pedigree ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/*genetics/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  8. 8
    A. Scally ; J. Y. Dutheil ; L. W. Hillier ; G. E. Jordan ; I. Goodhead ; J. Herrero ; A. Hobolth ; T. Lappalainen ; T. Mailund ; T. Marques-Bonet ; S. McCarthy ; S. H. Montgomery ; P. C. Schwalie ; Y. A. Tang ; M. C. Ward ; Y. Xue ; B. Yngvadottir ; C. Alkan ; L. N. Andersen ; Q. Ayub ; E. V. Ball ; K. Beal ; B. J. Bradley ; Y. Chen ; C. M. Clee ; S. Fitzgerald ; T. A. Graves ; Y. Gu ; P. Heath ; A. Heger ; E. Karakoc ; A. Kolb-Kokocinski ; G. K. Laird ; G. Lunter ; S. Meader ; M. Mort ; J. C. Mullikin ; K. Munch ; T. D. O'Connor ; A. D. Phillips ; J. Prado-Martinez ; A. S. Rogers ; S. Sajjadian ; D. Schmidt ; K. Shaw ; J. T. Simpson ; P. D. Stenson ; D. J. Turner ; L. Vigilant ; A. J. Vilella ; W. Whitener ; B. Zhu ; D. N. Cooper ; P. de Jong ; E. T. Dermitzakis ; E. E. Eichler ; P. Flicek ; N. Goldman ; N. I. Mundy ; Z. Ning ; D. T. Odom ; C. P. Ponting ; M. A. Quail ; O. A. Ryder ; S. M. Searle ; W. C. Warren ; R. K. Wilson ; M. H. Schierup ; J. Rogers ; C. Tyler-Smith ; R. Durbin
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Published 2012
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2012-03-09
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Animals ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Speciation ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; Genomics ; Gorilla gorilla/*genetics ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Pongo/genetics ; Proteins/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Species Specificity ; Transcription, Genetic
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  9. 9
    Holloway, H. ; McCarthy, S. L.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1993
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7550
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    We report a study of the change in lattice constant when single-crystal silicon is substitutionally doped with boron. The measurements were made using 10-μm-thick epilayers with boron concentrations (NB) in the range 1.7×1019–1.2×1020 cm−3. The influence of elastic strain in the epilayers and their substrates was eliminated by including Bragg reflections from planes that were inclined to the (100) surface. We obtained a value for the lattice contraction coefficient β=(5.19±0.09)×10−24 cm3, where the range is ± one standard error. Specimens with NB≈2×1019 cm−3 were strained to give coherent interfaces with their substrates. Evidence for relaxation (presumably by misfit dislocations at the interface) was observed with NB≈5×1019 cm−3 (corresponding to a lattice mismatch of approximately 2.5×10−4), but this occurred in a patchy fashion and remained incomplete while NB was increased to 1.2×1020 cm−3 (corresponding to a mismatch of 6.5×10−4). This partial relaxation occurred at somewhat smaller mismatches than would be expected from reported studies of silicon-germanium alloy epilayers on silicon substrates. Our technique for analyzing a set of Bragg reflections to separate the effects of elastic strain and lattice mismatch appears to be novel and has general applicability to the study of epilayer/substrate combinations.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353886

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  10. 10
    Spatz, A ; Shaw, H M ; Crotty, K A ; Thompson, J F ; McCarthy, S W

    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Published 1998
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1365-2559
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Although tumour thickness is the best predictor of melanoma prognosis in patients with localized cutaneous melanoma, prolonged survival occasionally occurs in patients with thick melanomas (〉 5 mm). This study examined histological features which were associated with long-term survival.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and resultsForty-two patients with thick, vertical growth phase melanomas surviving 10 years or more after diagnosis were matched by clinical stage of disease, sex, age and anatomical site of the primary lesion with 42 patients with similar characteristics who died from their disease within 3 years of diagnosis. Fourteen histological factors were assessed in both groups. Tumours with spindle cell and Spitz-like cell populations and those with low mitotic activity were significantly more frequently observed in long-term survivors. There was also a significant excess of melanomas exhibiting desmoplasia and those lacking vascular invasion in the long-term survivors.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsThese findings suggest that it may be useful to modify the current cutaneous melanoma classification on the basis of unusual cytological characteristics (as discussed at the recent 4th World Conference on Melanoma).
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1998.00523.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  11. 11
    McCarthy, S. ; Smith, G.H.

    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    0005-2760
    Source:
    Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Physics
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2760(72)90031-8

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  12. 12
    Smith, G.H. ; McCarthy, S.

    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    0005-2760
    Source:
    Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Physics
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2760(69)90240-9

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  13. 13
    Shaw, H. M. ; Mccarthy, S. W. ; Mccarthy, W. H. ; Thompson, J. F. ; Milton, G. W.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Published 1989
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1365-2559
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    We attempted to clarify the prevailing controversy regarding the significance of regression in thin (〈0.76 mm) primary melanomas. Of 7540 patients with cutaneous melanomas treated at the Sydney Melanoma Unit, 28 first presented with a thin primary lesion and concurrent regional lymph node metastases (stage II). Major differences in tumour histology existed between these patients and stage I patients with thin lesions that subsequently recurred. Regression was present in all 28 lesions in stage II patients. In 61 stage I patients ultimately developing a recurrence, 67% of lesions displayed regression. Significantly, however, in 735 stage I patients ultimately not developing a recurrence, 61% of lesions also displayed regression. Why regression occurs so frequently in thin lesions which never recur is unclear. Our results suggest that the histology of thin primary melanomas may be influenced by the presence or absence of metastases in patients at that time.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1989.tb03076.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  14. 14
    Wang, X. J. ; Gross, R. A. ; McCarthy, S. P.
    Springer
    Published 1995
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1572-8900
    Keywords:
    Corn starch ; polyvinyl alcohol ; biodegradable blends ; rheology
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes:
    Abstract The rheological behavior of biodegradable blends of starch and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) was measured as a function of temperature, shear rate, and moisture content using a capillary rheometer. An excellent correlation was found with a rheological model which was used as a means to characterize the influence of starch/PVOH content as well as a qualification of the viscosity for simulation studies. This model consisted of a power law dependence on shear rate, an Arrhenius dependence on temperature, and an exponential dependence on moisture.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02068467

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  15. 15
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1572-8900
    Keywords:
    Cellulose acetate ; polymer degradation ; polymer biodegradation ; plastic film weight loss ; biodegradable polymers ; municipal solid waste ; compost simulation ; biodegradation testing ; moisture content ; synthetic compost mixes
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes:
    Abstract Previous research in our laboratory reported a convenient laboratory-scale composting test method to study the weight loss of polymer films in aerobic thermophilic (53°C) reactors maintained at a 60% moisture content. The laboratory-scale compost reactors contained the following synthetic compost mixture (percentage on dry-weight basis): tree leaves (45.0), shredded paper (16.5), food (6.7), meat (5.8), cow manure (17.5), sawdust (1.9), aluminum and steel shavings (2.4), glass beads (1.3), urea (1.9), and a compost seed (1.0) which is designated Mix-1 in this work. To simplify the laboratory-scale compost weight loss test method and better understand how compost mixture compositions and environmental parameters affect the rate of plastic degradation, a systematic variation of the synthetic mixture composition as well as the moisture content was carried out. Cellulose acetate (CA) with a degree of substitution (DS) value of 1.7 and cellophane films were chosen as test polymer substrates for this work. The extent of CA DS-1.7 and cellophane weight loss as a function of the exposure time remained unchanged when the metal and glass components of the mixture were excluded in Mix-2. Further study showed that large variations in the mixture composition such as the replacement of tree leaves, food, meat, and sawdust with steam-exploded wood and alfalfa (forming Mix-C) could be made with little or no change in the time dependence of CA DS-1.7 film weight loss. In contrast, substituting tree leaves, food, meat, cow manure, and sawdust with steam-exploded wood in combination with either Rabbit Choice (Mix-D) or starch and urea (Mix-E) resulted in a significant time increase (from 7 to 12 days) for the complete disappearance of CA DS-1.7 films. Interestingly, in this work no direct correlation was observed between the C/N ratio (which ranged from 13.9 to 61.4) and the CA DS-1.7 film weight loss. Decreasing moisture contents of the compost Mix-2 from 60 and 50 and 40% resulted in dramatic changes in polymer degradation such that CA DS-1.7 showed an increase in the time period for a complete disappearance of polymer films from 6 to 16 and 30 days, respectively.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02074781

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  16. 16
    Gu, Ji-Dong ; Eberiel, D. T. ; McCarthy, S. P. ; Gross, R. A.
    Springer
    Published 1993
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1572-8900
    Keywords:
    solid waste ; composting ; methanogenesis ; degradation ; cellulose acetate ; biodegradability ; anaerobic bioreactor ; biodegradation testing
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes:
    Abstract Cellulose acetate (CA) films with degree of substitution (d.s.) values of 1.7 and 2.5 were exposed to biologically active in-laboratory composting test vessels maintained at approximately 53 °C. The CA 1.7- and 2.5-d.s. films (thickness values of ∼0.5–1.0 and 2.0 mil, respectively) had completely disappeared by the end of 7- and 18-day exposure time periods in the biologically active bioreactors, respectively. The relatively small CA film weight loss observed in the poisoned control test vessels allows the conclusion that CA film erosion during the composting exposures resulted, at least in part, from biologically mediated processes. Under strictly anaerobic conditions, an active methanogenic inoculum was developed by acclimation of a sewage sludge to a synthetic municipal solid waste (SMSW) mixture at 42°C. The CA 1.7-d.s. film samples (0.5- to 1.0-mil thickness) were exposed in anaerobic serum bottles containing a 25% solids loading of SMSW in which methanogenic activity was rapidly established after introducing of the developed inoculum. For exposures of 30 days only small visually distinguishable fragments of the CA 1.7-d.s. films were recovered. In contrast, exposure of the CA 1.7-d.s. film to a poisoned control test vessel resulted in negligible weight loss. Therefore, degradation of the CA 1.7-d.s. films upon exposure to the anaerobic bioreactors was due, at least in part, to biologically mediated processes.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01418207

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  17. 17
    Gu, Ji-Dong ; Eberiel, D. ; McCarthy, S. P. ; Gross, R. A.
    Springer
    Published 1993
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1572-8900
    Keywords:
    Cellulose acetate ; degree of substitution ; polymer degradation ; polymer mineralization ; municipal solid waste ; surface colonization ; respirometry ; biodegradation testing ; molecular weight
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes:
    Abstract Residual cellulose acetate (CA) films with initial degree of substitution (DS) values of 1.7 and 2.5 (CA DS-1.7 and DS-2.5) were recovered from a simulated thermophilic compost exposure and characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine changes in polymer molecular weight and DS and to study microbial colonization and surface morphology, respectively. During the aerobic degradation of CA DS-1.7 and CA DS-2.5 films exposed for 7 and 18 days, respectively, the number-average molecular weight (M n) of residual polymer decreased by 30.4% on day 5 and 20.3% on day 16, respectively. Furthermore, a decrease in the degree of substitution from 1.69 to 1.27 (4-day exposure) and from 2.51 to 2.18 (12-day exposure) was observed for the respective CA samples. In contrast, CA films (DS-1.7 and DS-2.5) which were exposed to abiotic control vessels for identical time periods showed no significant changes inM n and DS. SEM photographs of CA (DS-1.7 and DS-2.5) film surfaces after compost exposures revealed severe erosion and corresponding microbial colonization. Similar exposure times for CA films in abiotic control vessels resulted in only minor changes in surface characteristics by SEM observations. The conversion of CA DS-1.7 and DS-2.5 to CO2 was monitored by respirometry. In these studies, powdered CA was placed in a predigested compost matrix which was maintained at 53°C and 60% moisture content throughout the incubation period. A lag phase of 10- and 25-day duration for CA DS-1.7 and DS-2.5, respectively, was observed, after which the rate of degradation increased rapidly. Mineralization of exposed CA DS-1.7 and DS-2.5 powders reported as the percentage theoretical CO2 recovered reached 72.4 and 77.6% in 24 and 60 days, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that microbial degradation of CA films exposed to aerobic thermophilic laboratory-scale compost reactors not only results in film weight loss but also causes severe film pitting and a corresponding decrease in chainM n and degree of substitution for the residual material. Furthermore, conversions to greater than 70% of the theoretical recovered CO2 for CA (DS 1.7 and 2.5) substrates indicate high degrees of CA mineralization.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01458295

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  18. 18
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1572-8900
    Keywords:
    Composting ; polymer degradation ; polymer mineralization ; municipal solid waste ; compost simulation ; respirometry ; biodegradation testing
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes:
    Abstract A respirometric method was developed to measure the mineralization of polymeric materials in a matured compost environment. For the purpose of evaluating the method, results obtained for the mineralization of glucose and cellulose are presented. The matured compost, in addition to supplied nutrients, micronutrients, and an inoculum, serves as the matrix which supports the microbial activity. Recovery of the substrate carbon in the form of carbon dioxide from the glucose and cellulose added to test vessels was 68 and 70%, respectively. A statistical evaluation of the results obtained on substrate mineralization was carried out and showed acceptable reproducibility between replicate test vessels and test runs. The testing protocol developed has the following important characteristics: (1) the test reactors are maintained at 53 °C at a high solids loading (60% moisture), which has certain characteristics that are similar to a thermophilic compost environment; (2) the test matrix providing microbial activity is derived from readily available organic materials to facilitate reproducibility of the method in different laboratories; (3) the equipment required to perform this test is relatively inexpensive; and (4) the information obtained on polymer mineralization is vital to the study and development of biodegradable polymeric materials.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01458296

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  19. 19
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-1440
    Keywords:
    Familial hypercholesterolaemia ; Single-strand conformational polymorphism
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Summary The single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) method was used to look for mutations in the 3’ half of exon 4 of the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). One set of conditions were found which allowed the detection of four of the mutations that have previously been reported in this part of the gene and detected in patients in the United Kingdom: the 3-bp deletion (del Gly197) the 2-bp deletion (STOP 216), the Asp206→Glu mutation and the Cys210→STOP. The method was used to screen 50 patients with definite or probable FH from London. Two were identified who were carriers of the 3-bp deletion of Gly197, one who was a carrier of the ASp206→Glu mutation and one who was a carrier of a novel mutation that alters Asp200→Gly. This mutation creates a cutting site for the restriction enzyme MspI. In a further sample of 200 patients from London with FH one additional apparently unrelated individual was detected who was a carrier of this defect. Thus in the sample of 50 patients, four (8%) had a mutation in this part of exon 4 that could be readily detected using the SSCP method, suggesting that this approach will be useful for rapid screening for mutations in patients with FH.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184738

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  20. 20
    McCarthy, S. ; Sarwar, M. ; Virapongse, C. ; Ehrenkranz, R.
    Springer
    Published 1984
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-1998
    Keywords:
    Newborn ; Congenital anomalies ; Central nervous system ; Cerebral computerized tomography
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Abstract We describe a newborn with multiple congenital anomalies due to the Amniotic Band Disruption Complex. Cerebral computerized tomography and plain films of the extremities corroborated the clinical diagnosis. The purpose of this case report is to alert the radiologist to the varied radiographic appearance of this little known entity and to provide a historical and embryologic background.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02386731

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses