Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:S. Kraus)

2016-05-05

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

2018-05-18

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

2045-2322

Natural Sciences in General

1748-7692

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Electronic Resource

1748-7692

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

DNA sequences of the mitochondrial control region of 180 North Atlantic right whales (Euhalaena glacialis) and 16 South Atlantic right whales (E. australis) have been determined using a combination of direct DNA sequencing and single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Five haplotypes were found in E. glacialis, and 10 in E. australis, but none were shared, supporting the reproductive isolation and separate species status of the North and South Atlantic right whales. One haplotype in E, glacialis was found in only three males born before 1982 and this matriline will likely be lost soon. The nucleotide diversity estimates for the five North Atlantic right whale haplotypes was 0.6% and 2.0% for the 10 haplotypes found in the South Atlantic right whales. The average haplotypic diversity was 0.87 in E. glacialis and 0.96 in E. australis, which is consistent with other studies showing a lower level of genetic variation in the North Atlantic right whale. Phylogenetic analysis identified two major assemblages of haplotypes in E. australis from the samples collected from Peninsula Valdes, suggesting a mixing of two historically divergent populations. Using genetic distance measurements with a divergence rate of 0.5%–1.0%/myr, we estimate E. glacialis diverged from E. australis 3–12.5 mya.

Electronic Resource

1748-7692

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

We conducted a double blind experiment in an artisanal gillnet fishery in Argentina to determine the effectiveness of acoustic deterrents (pingers) at reducing bycatch of the Franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei). The fishery was conducted by small inflatable and fiberglass vessels operating between 0.5 and 7 krn from the coast. Each vessel carried an independent observer who was rotated from vessel to vessel throughout the course of the experiment. Information on the number of dolphins captured, geographic position, depth, configuration of fishing gear, soak time, biomass of fish caught, and sea lion predation in a string/net producing any damage was recorded. Equivalent numbers of active and silent pingers were used during the experiment. A total of 45 dolphins were caught in the silent nets, and seven were caught in the active pinger nets, demonstrating a highly significant reduction in bycatch for this species. However, sea-lions (Otaria flavescens) damaged the fish in active pinger nets significantly more than silent nets, and the damage increased over the course of the experiment. Although pingers show promise as a management tool for this species, pinniped depredation suggests that higher pinger frequencies will be needed to avoid a “dinner bell” effect.

Electronic Resource

0021-9673

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Electronic Resource

0022-328X

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Electronic Resource

0003-2670

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Electronic Resource

1398-9995

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference between the mite fauna in the inland and coastal Croatia.Methods:  Ninety-nine floor house dust samples were collected: 28 from the coastal area, 31 from the inland rural and 40 from the inland urban area. Data on basic household characteristics were collected for 81 of 99 households. The mites were separated from the dust using the floatation method and then microscopically identified. The levels of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) 1, Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) 1 and Der 2 were measured using the DustscreenTM test. Ordinal descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were used for data analysis, assuming statistical significance at P 〈 0.05.Results:  More than 70% of mites identified in all areas were pyroglyphids. Nonpyroglyphid mites accounted for 20–25% of all identified mites in the coastal areas (Blomia, Lepidoglyphus and Glycyphagus) and with 15% in the inland areas (Lepidoglyphus and Acarus). The highest Der p 1 median levels were found in the coastal area, with significantly lower levels in the inland rural and inland urban areas (4.5; 2; 0.85 μg/g of dust; P = 0.0001). The highest Der f 1 median levels were found in the inland urban area, with significantly lower levels in the inland rural and coastal areas (0.88; 0.75; 0 μg/g of dust; P = 0.0013). The levels of Der f 1 were significantly higher in samples taken from households with central heating than from those with traditional heating (1; 0.25 μg/g of dust; P 〈 0.01).Conclusions:  Separate diagnostic dust mite lists for the coastal and inland areas because of climatic and dwelling differences required to be implemented. Compared with traditional heating, central heating significantly increases the risk of exposure to Der f 1 levels 〉2 μg/g of dust (odds ratio, 7.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.43–37.87; P = 0.01).

Electronic Resource

1398-9995

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background: The mean wheal diameter ≥ 3 mm is the usual criterion for positive skin prick test (SPT) reaction to dust mites. The study assessed the accuracy of this SPT criterion with respect to specific IgE values of above 0.35 kUA/l (+ sIgE).Methods: Specific IgE (ImmunoCAP, Pharmacia AB Diagnostics, Uppsala, Sweden) and standard SPT to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) and farinae (DF), Lepidoglyphus destructor (LD) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (TP) (ALK, Hørsholm, Denmark) were performed in a random sample of 457 subjects, of whom 273 men (mean age 35.3 ± 11.0 years) and 184 women (mean age 37.9 ± 9.5 years). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, regression analysis and discriminant analysis.Results: When the mean wheal diameter of ≥ 3 mm was considered positive (+ SPT), the correlation between + SPT and + sIgE was 0.47 for DP (P 〈 0.001), 0.43 for DF (P = 0.004), 0.35 for LD (P = 0.03) and 0.37 for TP (P = 0.014). Regarding + sIgE, this SPT criterion has a specificity of 92.2% for DP, 82.3% for DF, 80.8% for LD and 70.1% for TP. When the value 4.5 mm was taken as the threshold for the positive SPT reaction to TP, specificity increased significantly from 70.1% to 86.4% (χ2 = 32.04, P 〈 0.001).Conclusions: The 3 mm SPT threshold criterion is not reliable in evaluating sensitization to TP due to an insufficient specificity of the allergen extract to this mite. It is advisable either to re-evaluate the TP allergen extract or change the threshold criterion for positive SPT reaction to TP.

Electronic Resource

0165-7992

Chromosomal aberrations ; Dicentric ; Ionising radiation ; Nuclear power plant ; Permitted dose

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] SIR - Whales maintain a homeothermic body temperature by losing heat to the surrounding water. The skin of the flippers, dorsal fin and tail flukes are the most effective areas used for heat dumping. The rest of the body is well insulated by subdermal blubber. Right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) ...

Electronic Resource

1572-8986

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) ; organometallics ; alloys

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Technology

Abstract Three different techniques for the deposition of thin metal alloy films by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition are described. These are the joint vaporization of a mixture of precursors, the use of separate sources connected directly to the reactor, and finally, the use of several reservoirs arranged in series. Various organometallics have been used as precursors to prepare combinations of Fe/Co and Au/Pt/Pd.

Electronic Resource