Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:Rabl)

2023-06-30

Background and aims: The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by a worsening of mental health levels in some, while others manage to adapt or recover relatively quickly. Transdiagnostic factors such as personality functioning are thought to be involved in determining mental health outcomes. The present study focused on two constructs of personality functioning, Criterion A of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD, DSM-5) and mentalization, as predictors of depressive symptoms and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. A second focus of the study was to examine whether this relationship was mediated by resilience. Methods: Linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between personality functioning measured by Criterion A (AMPD, DSM-5) and mentalizing abilities as predictors, and depression and life satisfaction as mental health outcomes. To assess the hypothesis that this relationship is mediated by resilience a structural equation modeling approach was conducted. Data from N = 316 individuals from the general population were collected. Results: Linear regression models revealed highly significant associations between Criterion A/mentalization and both outcome measures. Structural equation models showed a significant partial mediation by resilience of these relationships. Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis that mentalizing serves as a protective function by promoting resilience to the impact of stress and threats. Criterion A and mentalization performed similarly as predictors of mental health outcomes, providing empirically overlapping operationalizations of personality functioning. This finding emphasizes the importance of personality functioning in positive and negative mental health outcomes. Furthermore, our results are consistent with a mediating role of resilience.

Psychologie ; Psychology ; Corona; Covid-19; Corona-Virus; mentalization; Criterion A; personality functioning; ZIS 147 ; psychische Störungen, Behandlung und Prävention ; Psychological Disorders, Mental Health Treatment and Prevention ; Persönlichkeitspsychologie ; Resilienz ; Depression ; Lebenszufriedenheit ; Infektionskrankheit ; Epidemie ; psychische Gesundheit ; personality psychology ; resilience ; depression ; satisfaction with life ; contagious disease ; epidemic ; mental health

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

1539-6924

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

This article describes a simple model for quantifying the health impacts of toxic metal emissions. In contrast to most traditional models it calculates the expectation value of the total damage (summed over the total population and over all time) for typical emission sites, rather than “worst-case” estimates for specific sites or episodes. Such a model is needed for the evaluation of many environmental policy measures, e.g., the optimal level of pollution taxes or emission limits. Based on the methodology that has been developed by USEPA for the assessment of multimedia pathways, the equations and parameters are assembled for the assessment of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb, and some typical results are presented (the dose from seafood is not included and for Hg the results are extremely uncertain); the model is freely available on the web. The structure of the model is very simple because, as we show, if the parameters can be approximated by time-independent constants (the case for the USEPA methodology), the total impacts can be calculated with steady-state models even though the environment is never in steady state. The collective ingestion dose is found to be roughly 2 orders of magnitude larger than the collective dose via inhalation. The uncertainties are large, easily an order of magnitude, the main uncertainties arising from the parameter values of the model, in particular the transfer factors. Using linearized dose-response functions, estimates are provided for cancers due to As, Cd, Cr, and Ni as well as IQ loss due to Pb emissions in Europe.

Electronic Resource

1539-6924

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

To analyze the loss of life expectancy (LLE) due to air pollution and the associated social cost, a dynamic model was developed that took into account the decrease of risk after the termination of an exposure to pollution. A key parameter was the time constant for the decrease of risk, for which estimates from studies of smoking were used. A sensitivity analysis showed that the precise value of the time constant(s) was not critical for the resulting LLE. An interesting aspect of the model was that the relation between population total LLE and PM2.5 concentration was numerically almost indistinguishable from a straight line, even though the functional dependence was nonlinear. This essentially linear behavior implies that the detailed history of a change in concentration does not matter, except for the effects of discounting. This model was used to correct the data of the largest study of chronic mortality for variations in past exposure, performed by Pope et al. in 1995; the correction factor was shown to depend on assumptions about the relative toxicity of the components of PM2.5. In the European Union, an increment of 1 μg/m3 of PM2.5 for 1 year implies an average LLE of 0.22 days per person. With regard to the social cost of an air pollution pulse, it was found that for typical discount rates (3% to 8% real) the cost was reduced by a factor of about 0.4 to 0.6 relative to the case with zero discount rate, if the value of a life year was taken as given; if the value of a life year was calculated from the “value of statistical life” by assuming the latter as a series of discounted annual values, the cost varied by at most ±20% relative to the case with zero discount rate. To assess the uncertainties, this study also examined how the LLE depended on the demographics (mortality and age pyramid) of a population, and how it would change if the relative risk varied with age, in the manner suggested by smoking studies. These points were found to have a relatively small effect (compared to the epidemiological uncertainties) on the calculated LLE.

Electronic Resource

1460-9568

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

L-type Ca2+ currents (ICa) in rod photoreceptors exhibit Ca2+-dependent inactivation. Perforated-patch whole-cell recordings were obtained from isolated rods of the tiger salamander using 1.8 mm Ca2+ in the bathing medium to determine the extent of Ca2+-dependent inactivation of ICa with physiological [Ca2+] and endogenous buffering. ICa was measured with voltage ramps applied before and after 5-s steps to −40, −30, −20, or −10 mV. Long depolarizing steps in isolated rods produced inactivation of ICa ranging from 15% at −40 mV to 〉 80% at −10 mV. Because, in addition to Ca2+-dependent inactivation, depletion of synaptic cleft Ca2+ accompanying activation of ICa can reduce presynaptic ICa at calycal synapses, we investigated whether a similar mechanism worked at the invaginating rod synapse. Rods from retinal slices with intact synapses were compared with isolated rods in which synaptic cleft depletion is absent. ICa was more strongly depressed by depolarization of rods in retinal slices, with ICa reduced by 47% following voltage steps to −40 mV. The depression of currents by depolarization was also greater for rods from retinal slices than isolated rods when Ca2+ was replaced with Ba2+ to reduce Ca2+-dependent inactivation. The stronger depolarization-evoked inhibition of ICa in retinal slices compared to isolated rods probably reflects depletion of synaptic cleft Ca2+ arising from sustained Ca2+ influx. Inactivation of ICa exhibited slow onset and recovery. These findings suggest that Ca2+-dependent inactivation and depletion of synaptic cleft Ca2+ may combine to regulate ICa in response to light-evoked changes in rod membrane potential.

Electronic Resource

0005-2736

Arsenazo III ; Calcium-arsenazo III complex ; Kinetic calibration ; Stopped flow

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Physics

Electronic Resource

0891-5849

Free radicals ; Human subjects ; Kidney transplantation ; Limb revascularisation ; Lipid peroxidation ; Malonaldehyde ; Reperfusion injury

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Electronic Resource

0301-4622

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0032-0633

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Geosciences

Physics

Electronic Resource

0550-3213

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Physics

Electronic Resource

0550-3213

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Physics

Electronic Resource

0006-291X

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0273-1177

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Physics

Electronic Resource

0370-2693

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Physics

Electronic Resource

1436-5081

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mathematics

Electronic Resource

1435-1463

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary It has been demonstrated that the area postrema is an glious organ below the ependyme on the bottom of the fourth ventricle. By her considerable vascularisation, the permeability of her capillaries and her very reactive glious cells, she is very important for the function of the vegetative nervous centres lying below. There is a fluid stream to them. Therefore the area postrema has histochemical specialities. But there is no real neurosecretion. Abnormal developments and premature glioses must be observed. In senescence there is atrophy of the area postrema.

Résumé Il a été démontré que l'Area postrema est un organe glieux sous-épendymaire au fond du quatrième ventricule. Par sa vascularisation intense, la perméabilité de ses capillaires et ses cellules glieuses à réaction prononcée, elle est importante pour la fonction des centres nerveux végétatifs situés au-dessous, vers lesquels il y a une circulation plasmatique. Par ces raisons l'Area postrema a des spécialités histochimiques. Mais il n'y a pas de neurosécrétion véritable. Des développments anormaux et des glioses prématurées peuvent être observés. Dans la vieillesse il y a une atrophie de l'Area postrema.

Zusammenfassung Es wurde gezeigt, daß die Area postrema ein subependymales Gliaorgan am Boden des 4. Ventrikels ist. Durch seine starke Vakularisation, die Permeabilität seiner Kapillaren und seine sehr reaktionsfähigen Gliazellen, ist es für die Funktion der darunter gelegenen vegetativen Nervenzentren wichtig. Zu ihnen geht ein Saftstrom. Aus diesen Gründen hat die Area postrema histochemische Besonderheiten. Dagegen besteht keine eigentliche Neurosekretion. Entwicklungsstörungen und vorzeitige Gliosen sind zu beachten. Im Alter tritt, eine Atrophie der Area postrema ein.

Electronic Resource

1435-1463

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary The architecture of the tubero-mamillar complex is exposed phylogenetically and ontogenetically as in the synthesis with contiguous brain parts. This results in the fact that the vegetative effects through vascularisation can only be comprehended in connexion with all the sourrounding regions (irradiations of the limbic system and of the reticular formation). Thus, they are not to be recognised in single cellular states of one part.

Résumé L'architecture du complexe tubéro-mamillaire est exposée phylogénétiquement et ontogénétiquement et aussi en synthèse avec les parties contiguës du cerveau. Il en résulte que ses effets végétatifs par la vascularisation ne peuvent être compris qu'en cohérence avec toutes les régions d'alentour (des irradiations du système limbaire et de la formation réticulaire). Or, ils ne peuvent pas être reconnus par des états cellulaires singuliers d'une seule région.

Zusammenfassung Die Cyto- und Angioarchitektur des Tubero-mamillar-Komplexes wird phylo-und ontogenetisch sowie in der Synthese mit anderen Gehirnteilen dargelegt, woraus sich ergibt, daß dessen vegetative Leistungen nur im Zusammenhang mit allen Teilen erfaßt werden können, also nicht nur aus einzelnen Zellbefunden eines Gebietes zu erkennen sind.

Electronic Resource

1435-1463

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary According to the present results there are no biochemical serum findings in psychically sick people which speak in favour of a distinct state of sickness or a participation of some organ. In spite of the strong medicamental therapy the functioning of the digestion and extinction organs is to all appearances maintained. On the other hand the biochemical serum results can reveal whether, apart from the general findings, a special organic damage must be taken into consideration. Thus it is possible to separate primary psychic derangements from such ones which must be regarded as consequences of circulation-, liver-or kidney damages. Moreover the biochemical findings supply hints to a premature aging in cases of psychic illnesses. This is the same which is called “silting” in the clinical terminology. It should particularly be watched whether consequences of an increase in rhythm or of a badly balanced tension are concerned. This must be explained as the expression of the respective neurovegetative state of reaction.

Résumé Considérant les résultats présents, il n'existe, chez des hommes psychiquement malades, pas de constatations séro-biochimiques qui parlent en faveur d'un état défini ou d'une participation isolée d'un organe. Malgré une thérapie médicamenteuse considérable, le fonctionnement des organes de digestion et d'excrétion est apparemment maintenu. D'autre part, les résultats séro-biochimiques peuvent révéler si, hors de la constatation générale, un mal organique particulier doit être considéré. Ainsi il est possible de séparer les maux psychiques primaires de ceux résultant d'un mal circulatoire, du foie ou des reins. En outre, les résultats biochimiques contiennent des indications de vieillissement prématuré en cas de maladies psychiques, ce qu'on appelle «ensabler» dans la langue clinique. Sous ce rapport, il est particulièrement à observer s'il s'agit des conséquences d'un accroissement de rythme ou d'une tension déséquilibrée comme expression de la réaction neurovégétative respective de réaction.

Zusammenfassung Nach den bisherigen Ergebnissen gibt es bei psychisch kranken Menschen keine biochemischen Serumbefunde, die für ein bestimmtes Zustandsbild oder eine isolierte Organbeteiligung sprechen. Trotz der starken medikamentösen Therapie bleibt scheinbar die Leistungsfähigkeit der Stoffwechsel-und Ausscheidungsorgane erhalten. Andererseits können die biochemischen Serumwerte zeigen, ob unabhängig vom Hauptbefund, ein Organschaden zu berücksichtigen ist. Dadurch ist es möglich, primäre psychische Störungen von denen abzutrennen, die als Folge einer Kreislauf-, Leber-oder Nierenschädigung zu betrachten sind. Darüber hinaus zeigen die biochemischen Befunde Hinweise für eine Frühalterung bei psychischen Krankheitsbildern. Es ist dasselbe, was klinisch als “Versanden” bezeichnet wird. Besonders ist hierbei darauf zu achten, ob es sich um Folgen einer Rhythmussteigerung oder einer unausgeglichenen Spannung handelt, was als Ausdruck der speziellen neurovegetativen Reaktionslage zu deuten ist.

Electronic Resource

1432-2323

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Résumé Pendant une période d'observation de 13 ans, nous avons comparé nos résultats après drainage percutané ou après drainage chirurgical chez 46 patients ayant eu un abcès du foie. Dans la majorité des cas, les abcès ont été diagnostiqués par l'échographie et/ou la tomodensitométrie. La cause la plus fréquente a été l'infection biliaire ascendante. Parmi les 46 patients, au total, 27 ont été traités chirurgicalement alors que 19 ont eu un drainage

Resumen Se revisó la experiencia en 46 pacientes con el diagnóstico de absceso hepático manejados en el curso de 13 años, con el objeto de definir el impacto del drenaje percutáneo versus el drenaje quirúrgico. En la mayoría de los casos los abscesos fueron diagnosticados por sonografia y/o escanografia computadorizada. El mecanismo patogénico más común fue la infección biliar ascendente. Del total de 46 pacientes, 27 fueron tratados primordialmente por drenaje quirúrgico, en tanto que 19 fueron sometidos a drenaje percutáneo. En el Grupo quirúrgico hubo 5 pacientes (18.5%) que requirieron reoperación, en tanto que el drenaje percutáneo falló en 4 pacientes (21%). El análisis multivariable reveló que un alto indice APACHE II y un bajo nivel de hemoglobina, junto con un alto nivel de bilirrubina, fueron factores significativos de pronóstico en relación a una evolución clínica complicada. La mortalidad apareció más íntimamente relacionada con la condición general del paciente expresada según un alto índice APACHE II y una enfermedad subyacente (neoplasia maligna), que con la modalidad terapéutica.

Abstract Experience with 46 patients diagnosed with liver abscesses over a 13-year period was reviewed to ascertain the impact of percutaneous versus surgical drainage. In most of the cases the abscesses were liagnosed by sonography or computed tomography. The most common pathogenetic mechanism was ascending biliary tract infection. Of the 46 total patients, 27 were primarily treated surgically, whereas 19 underwent percutaneous drainage. In the surgical group five (18.5%) patients required reoperation. Percutaneous drainage failed in four patients (21.1%). Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that a high APACHE II score, low hemoglobin level, and high serum bilirubin level were significant predictors of a complicated clinical course. Death was related more closely to the overall condition of the patient, as expressed by a high APACHE II score, and the underlying disease (malignancy) than to the mode of therapy.

Electronic Resource

1432-2323

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Résumé L'objectif de cette étude a été d'évaluer les propriétés antioxydatives du cocktail multivitamine Omnibiota®, contenant les vitamines α-tocophérol, de l'acide ascorbique, du rétinol et du complexe vitamine B, pour diminuer les peroxydations lipidiques et améliorer l'oedème de jambe après reconstruction vasculaire chez l'homme. Cinquante et un sujets ont été sélectionnés, 27 formant le groupe témoin, et 24 patients recevant le cocktail en intraveineux avant la reconstruction vasculaire. Tous les patients avaient une maladie artérielle occlusive chronique, sauf deux qui souffraient d'un traumatisme artériel. Le MDA-TBARS dans le plasma, quantifié par HPLC, comme mesure de la peroxydation lipidique, était significativement augmenté (p〈0.001) dans le groupe contrôle une heure après le début de la reperfusion et a diminué jusqu'aux valeurs du départ dans les deux heures suivantes (0.73±0.26, 1.21±0.48, 0.99±0.48, 0.73±0.33 nmol/ml). Dans le groupe traité, le MDA-TBARS n'a pas dépassé les valeurs de base pendant la période de reperfusion (0.93±0.30, 0.70±0.29, 0.65±0.23, 0.70±0.37 nmol/ml). L'oedème des membres inférieurs, exprimé en circonférence de l'extrémité de la jambe, était signficativement plus augmenté (p〈0.008) dans le groupe contrôle (30.7±4.04 vs. 35.35±4.12 cm) que dans le groupe traité (29.25±5.13 vs 29.76±5.70 cm). Ces résultats suggèrent que le traitement vitaminique antioxydatif pourrait être utile dans la prévention de la peroxydation lipidique, réduisant ainsi l'oedème des extrémités.

Resumen El objeto del presente estudio fue evaluar las propiedades antioxidantes del coctel multivitamínico Omnibionta® que contiene las vitaminas α-tocoferol, ácido ascórbico, retinol y el complejo B, en cuanto a disminuir la peroxidación lipídica y reducir el edema en las operaciones de revascularización de extremidades en humanos. Se seleccionaron 51 individuos: el grupo control de 27 pacientes y el grupo de tratamiento de 24 pacientes que recibieron el coctel multivitamínico por vía intravenosa antes del comienzo de la reperfusión. Todos los pacientes exhibían enfermedad arterial oclusiva aguda o crónica, excepto 2 pacientes con trauma arterial. Se hicieron determinaciones de MDA-TBARS en el plasma, cuantificado por HPLC, como medida de la peroxidación lipídica, encontrándose que se hallaba significativamente aumentada (p〈0.001) en el grupo control 1 hora luego del comienzo de la reperfusión y que descendió hasta los niveles basales en el curso de las siguientes 2 horas (0.73±0.26, 1.21±0.48, 0.99±0.48, 0.73±0.33 nmol/ml). El edema de la pierna, según la circunferencia de las extremidades, apareció significativamente elevado (p〈0.008) en el grupo control (30.7±4.04 vs. 35.35±4.12 cm) en comparación con el ningún aumento en el grupo de tratamiento (29.25±5.13 vs. 29.76±5.70 cm). Tales resultados sugieren que el tratamiento vitamínico antioxidante puede ser de valor en la prevención de la peroxidación lipídica con disminución del edema de la extremidad.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative properties of the multivitamin cocktail Omnibionta® (α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, retinol, vitamin B complex) in terms of diminishing lipid peroxidation with improvement of leg edema performance after limb revascularization operations in humans. Fifty-one subjects were selected; the control group contained 27 patients and the treatment group 24 patients, who received the vitamin cocktail intravenously before the start of reperfusion. All patients suffered from acute or chronic arterial occlusive disease, except two subjects with arterial trauma. MDA-TBARS in plasma, quantified by HPLC, taken as a measure of lipid peroxidation was significantly increased (p〈0.001) in the control group 1 hour after reperfusion onset and decreased to its baseline value within the following 2 hours (0.73±0.26, 1.21±0.48, 0.99±0.48, 0.73±0.33 nmol/ml). In contrast, in the treatment group MDA-TBARS did not exceed the baseline value during the reperfusion period (0.93±0.30, 0.70±0.29, 0.65±0.23, 0.70±0.37 nmol/ml). Leg edema, expressed by extremity circumference, was significantly (p〈0.008) elevated in the control group (30.7±4.04 cm versus 35.35±4.12 cm) compared to a lack of increase in the treatment group (29.25±5.13 cm versus 29.76±5.70 cm). These results suggest that antioxidative vitamin treatment might be valuable in preventing lipid peroxidation and decreasing extremity edema.

Electronic Resource

1432-2323

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract. The spleen and liver are the most frequently injured organs during blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. Emergency laparotomy is crucial for early control of bleeding and to prevent “secondary” injury as a result of physiologic splanchnic vasoconstriction and free oxygen radicals. Altogether 98 patients with spleen and liver injuries were treated over an 8-year period. Primary orthotopic spleen preservation could be achieved in 46 of 63 patients. In 58 patients with hepatic trauma, hemostatic treatment was chosen based on the severity of the injury. Nonoperative management was used for four splenic and seven hepatic trauma patients. The most commonly used techniques were fibrin sealing, suturing, and débridement for hepatic injury and mesh splenorrhaphy, fibrin glue, and partial resection with a TA stapler for splenic injury. The death of patients with complex injuries was mainly due to preclinical massive blood loss and multiple organ failure.

Electronic Resource