Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:R. Wing)

2011-01-06

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Amino Acid Sequence ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Plant ; Glomeromycota/physiology ; Lipopolysaccharides/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycorrhizae/*physiology ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Root Nodulation ; Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Sinorhizobium/*physiology ; *Symbiosis ; Ulmaceae/genetics/*microbiology/*physiology

0958-0433

Art History

Seventeenth Ordinary Meeting

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY

0307-1847

Political Science

MILITARY SCIENCE

0307-1847

Political Science

0307-1847

Political Science

0958-0433

Art History

Francis Cobb Lecture

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY

0958-0433

Art History

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] THE IUE has made it feasible to study for the first time UV spectra of many late-type stars. These emission-line spectra originate in chromospheres, coronae, and circumstellar envelopes, and they contain information about mass loss from late-type stars. Before IUE, Copernicus and rocket- and ...

Electronic Resource

0005-7894

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Psychology

Electronic Resource

0040-4039

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Electronic Resource

1432-0428

Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ; exercise ; diet ; behaviour modification ; weight loss

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary Two studies were conducted to determine whether adding exercise to a diet programme promotes weight loss or glycaemic control in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects. In Study 1, 25 subjects were randomly assigned to diet plus moderate exercise or diet plus placebo exercise. All subjects exercised twice a week as a group and once a week on their own; the diet plus moderate exercise group walked a 3-mile route at each session while the diet plus placebo exercise group did very low intensity exercises such as stretching and light calisthenics. All subjects followed a calorie-counting diet and were taught behaviour modification strategies. Weight losses and improvements in glycaemic control did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups at the end of the 10-week treatment or at 1-year follow-up. In Study 2, more extreme conditions were compared: a diet only group and a diet plus exercise group. The diet plus exercise group walked a 3-mile route with the group 3 times/week and once a week on their own, while the diet only group was instructed to maintain their current low level of activity. Both groups received comparable diet and behaviour modification instruction and therapist contacts. The diet plus exercise group had significantly (p〈0.01) better weight losses than the diet only condition at the end of the 10 week programme (−9.3kg vs −5.6kg) and at 1 year follow-up (−7.9kg vs −3.8 kg). Both groups had similar improvements in glycosylated haemoglobin, but reductions in medication were more frequent and greater in magnitude in the diet plus exercise group. Finally, analyses were conducted collapsing across studies and across treatment groups and comparing subjects who reported low, medium, or high levels of exercise at 1 year. Self-reported exercise was related to weight loss and to improvements in glycosylated haemoglobin, even after adjusting for weight loss. These data suggest that the combination of diet and exercise improves weight loss and glycaemic control compared to diet only in Type 2 diabetic patients.

Electronic Resource

1432-2242

Key words Lycopersicon esculentum ; Map-based cloning ; RAPD/RFLP mapping ; Abscission, jointless-2 (j-2)

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract  Abscission zones are specialized regions in plants, usually located at the base of most plant parts, such as flowers, fruit and leaves, where organs are shed. Although a great deal of information is known about the physiological and biochemical events that lead to organ shedding, very little is known of the molecular events that lead to the formation of the abscission zone itself. In tomato, two recessive mutations have been discovered that completely suppress the formation of flower and fruit pedicel abscission zones, i.e., jointless (j) and jointless-2 (j-2), both tentatively localized to chromosome 11 about 30 cM apart. Because the study of the control of abscission zone development is important for both basic and applied research we are using a map-based cloning approach to identify the jointless genes. The first step in any positional cloning experiment is to establish segregating mapping populations for the target gene and identify closely linked molecular markers that flank the locus. In this study, bulked segregant analysis was used to identify a RAPD marker associated with the j-2 locus, RPD140. To determine the chromosome location of RPD140, we converted it to an RFLP marker that was then mapped on the Cornell reference tomato map in a marker-dense region of chromosome 12. To verify that the j-2 locus was located on tomato chromosome 12, we used nine chromosome 12 RFLP markers linked with RPD140 to map the j-2 gene in an interspecific F2 mapping population of 151 plants segregating for j-2. The j-2 gene was localized to a 3.0-cM interval between RPD140 and TG618 on tomato chromosome 12.

Electronic Resource

1432-2242

Key words Sugarcane ; Saccharum spp. ; BAC library ; BAC fingerprinting ; Rust resistance

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract  Modern cultivated sugarcane is a complex aneuploid polyploid with an estimated genome size of 3000 Mb. Although most traits in sugarcane show complex inheritance, a rust locus showing monogenic inheritance has been documented. In order to facilitate cloning of the rust locus, we have constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for the cultivar R570. The library contains 103,296 clones providing 4.5 sugarcane genome equivalents. A random sampling of 240 clones indicated an average insert size of 130 kb allowing a 98% probability of recovering any specific sequence of interest. High-density filters were gridded robotically using a Genetix Q-BOT in a 4 × 4 double-spotted array on 22.5-cm2 filters. Each set of five filters provides a genome coverage of 4x with 18,432 clones represented per filter. Screening of the library with three different barley chloroplast gene probes indicated an exceptionally low chloroplast DNA content of less than 1%. To demonstrate the library’s potential for map-based cloning, single-copy RFLP sugarcane mapping probes anchored to nine different linkage groups and three different gene probes were used to screen the library. The number of positive hybridization signals resulting from each probe ranged from 8 to 60. After determining addresses of the signals, clones were evaluated for insert size and HindIII-fingerprinted. The fingerprints were then used to determine clone relationships and assemble contigs. For comparison with other monocot genomes, sugarcane RFLP probes were also used to screen a Sorghum bicolor BAC library and two rice BAC libraries. The rice and sorghum BAC clones were characterized for insert size and fingerprinted, and the results compared to sugarcane. The library was screened with a rust resistance RFLP marker and candidate BAC clones were subjected to RFLP fragment matching to identify those corresponding to the same genomic region as the rust gene.

Electronic Resource

1432-2242

Key words Barley ; BAC library ; P-loop genes ; Resistance-gene analog (RGA)

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract  Modern cultivated barley is an important cereal crop with an estimated genome size of 5000 Mb. To develop the resources for positional cloning and structural genomic analyses in barley, we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for the cultivar Morex using the cloning enzyme HindIII. The library contains 313344 clones (816 384-well plates). A random sampling of 504 clones indicated an average insert size of 106 kbp (range=30–195 kbp) and 3.4% empty vectors. Screening the colony filters for chloroplast DNA content indicated an exceptionally low 1.5% contamination with chloroplast DNA. Thus, the library provides 6.3 haploid genome equivalents allowing a 〉99% probability of recovering any specific sequence of interest. High-density filters were gridded robotically using a Genetix Q-BOT in a 4×4 double-spotted array on 22.5-cm2 filters. Each set of 17 filters allows the entire library to be screened with 18432 clones represented per filter. Screening the library with 40 single copy probes identified an average 6.4 clones per probe, with a range of 1–13 clones per probe. A set of resistance-gene analog (RGA) sequences identified 121 RGA-containing BAC clones representing 20 different regions of the genome with an average of 6.1 clones per locus. Additional screening of the library with a P-loop disease resistance primer probe identified 459 positive BAC clones. These data indicate that this library is a valuable resource for structural genomic applications in barley.

Electronic Resource

1432-2242

S. halepense ; Comparative genetic mapping ; Maize ; RAPD ; Marker-assisted selection

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract The first “complete” genetic linkage map of Sorghum section Sorghum is described, comprised of ten linkage groups putatively corresponding to the ten gametic chromosomes of S. bicolor and S. propinquum. The map includes 276 RFLP loci, predominately detected by PstI-digested S. bicolor genomic probes, segregating in 56 F2 progeny of a cross between S. bicolor and S. propinquum. Although prior cytological evidence suggests that the genomes of these species are largely homosequential, a high level of molecular divergence is evidenced by the abundant RFLP and RAPD polymorphisms, the marked deviations from Mendelian segregation in many regions of the genome, and several species-specific DNA probes. The remarkable level of DNA polymorphism between these species will facilitate development of a high-density genetic map. Further, the high level of DNA polymorphism permitted mapping of multiple loci for 21 (8.2%) DNA probes. Linkage relationships among eight (38%) of these probes suggest ancestral duplication of three genomic regions. Mapping of 13 maize genomic clones in this cross was consistent with prior results. Mapping of heterologous cDNAs from rice and oat suggests that it may be feasible to extend comparative mapping to these distantly-related species, and to ultimately generate a detailed description of chromosome rearrangements among cultivated Gramineae. Limited investigation of a small number of RFLPs showed several alleles common to S. bicolor and S. Halepense (“johnson-grass”), but few alleles common to S. propinquum and S. halepense, raising questions about the origin of S. halepense.

Electronic Resource

1432-2242

Key words Sorghum bicolor ; Repetitive DNA sequences ; Centromeres ; Molecular cytogenetics

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract  A 823-bp Sau3AI fragment (pSau3A10) was subcloned from a sorghum bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone, 13I16, that contains DNA sequences specific to the centromeres of grass species. Sequence analysis showed that pSau3A10 consists of six copies of an approximately 137-bp monomer. The six monomers were organized into three dimers. The monomers within the dimers shared 62–72% homology and the dimers were 79–82% homologous with each other. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicated that the Sau3A10 family is present only in the centromeres of sorghum chromosomes. Sequencing, Southern hybridization, and Fiber-FISH analyses indicated that the Sau3A10 family is tandemly arranged and is present in uninterrupted stretches of up to at least 81 kb of DNA. Slot-blot analysis estimated that the Sau3A10 family constitutes 1.6–1.9% of the sorghum genome. The long stretches of Sau3A10 sequences were interrupted by other centromeric DNA elements. Southern analysis indicated that the Sau3A10 sequence is one of the most abundant DNA families located in sorghum centromeres and is conserved only in closely related sorghum species. Methylation experiments indicated that the cytosine of the CG sites in sorghum centromeric regions is generally methylated. The structure and organization of the Sau3A10 family shared similarities with centromeric DNA repeats in other eukaryotic species. It is suggested that the Sau3A10 family is probably an important part of sorghum centromeres.

Electronic Resource

1617-4623

Map-based cloning Resistance genes Barley genome Stem rust

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract. The barley stem rust resistance gene rpg4 was physically and genetically localized on two overlapping BAC clones covering an estimated 300-kb region of the long arm of barley chromosome 7(5H). Initially, our target was mapped within a 6.0-cM region between the previously described flanking markers MWG740 and ABG391. This region was then saturated by integrating new markers from several existing barley and rice maps and by using BAC libraries of barley cv. Morex and rice cv. Nipponbare. Physical/genetic distances in the vicinity of rpg4 were found to be 1.0 Mb/cM, which is lower than the average for barley (4 Mb/cM) and lower than that determined by translocation breakpoint mapping (1.8 Mb/cM). Synteny at high resolution levels has been established between the region of barley chromosome 7(5H) containing the rpg4 locus and the subtelomeric region of rice chromosome 3 between markers S16474 and E10757. This 1.7-cM segment of the rice genome was covered by two overlapping BAC clones, about 250 kb of total length. In barley the markers S16474 and E10757 genetically delimit rpg4, lying 0.6 cM distal and 0.4 cM proximal to the locus, respectively.

Electronic Resource

0006-3592

Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Biology

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

The potential for enhancing ethanol production from cellodextrins by employing mixed-culture (Candida wickerhamii-Saccharomyces cerevisiae) fermentations was investigated. Initially, ethanol production was monitored in fermentation medium containing 50 g/L glucose plus 45 g/L cellobiose. Inoculum levels and times of inoculum addition were varied. Of the conditions tested, the most rapid rates of ethanol formation occurred in fermentations in which either C. wickerhamii and S. cerevisiae were coinoculated at a ratio of 57 : 1 cell/mL or in fermentations in which a 10-fold-greater S. cerevisiae inoculum was added to a pure culture C. wickerhamii fermentation after 1 day incubation. These conditions were used to attempt to enhance fermentations in which cellodextrins produced by trifluoroacetic acid hydrolysis of cellulose served as the sole carbon source. Cellodextrins that were not further purified after cellulose hydrolysis contained compounds that were slightly inhibitory to C. wickerhamii. In this case the mixed-culture fermentations produced 12-45% more ethanol than a pure culture C. wickerhamii fermentation. However, if the substrate was treated with Darco G-60 charcoal, the toxic materials were apparently removed and the pure culture C. wickerhamii fermentations performed as well as the mixed-culture fermentations.

3 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0021-8995

Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Physics

Water-insoluble starch xanthates were prepared by xanthation of highly crosslinked starches under various conditions. After isolation of the products by solvent dehydration, freeze drying, or spray drying, their properties were determined. These products were very effective in removing heavy metals from water.

8 Tab.

Electronic Resource

0021-8995

Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Physics

A series of water-insoluble anion exchange starches were prepared by the the reaction of various cationic monomers with highly crosslinked starches. These starch products contain tertiary amine and quaternary ammonium functionalities which are effective in removing chromate, dichromate, ferrocyanide, ferricyanide, molybdate, permanganate, and other heavy metal anions from industrial waste effluents. The binding capacity of these anion exchange starches is similar to that of commercial macroreticular resins.

8 Ill.

Electronic Resource