Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:R. W. Henry)

2011-06-24

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animal Identification Systems ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*physiology ; Bayes Theorem ; Biodiversity ; California ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Locomotion/*physiology ; North America ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior/*physiology ; Seasons ; Species Specificity ; Water Movements ; Wilderness

1439-0264

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Lung development was studied in late prenatal, 1-, 7-, 14-, and 21-days postnatal and adult cats. Cats were born with a few alveoli, and the lungs appeared to have patches of primitive air spaces (saccules). The saccules of prenatal kittens were thick walled, very cellular, and lined by type II pneumocytes. Eosinophils were observed in the septum, intraepithelially, and in the alveolar space of growing cats. Secondary septa were flanked by a double capillary network and divided saccules into multiple shallow alveoli. Septation was irregular and time dependent and not completed by day 231 of postnatal life. Elastic fibers accumulated at the tip of the septa, seemingly playing an important role in alveolar formation. Type II pneumocytes were located at the base of the secondary septa in growing cats, thus strengthening secondary septa to withstand the stresses of respiration. Pores of Kohn were not observed in growing cats.

Electronic Resource

1439-0264

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The ringed seal (Phoca hispida), as well as other seals, exhibit some unique anatomical properties when compared to their terrestrial counterparts. In the ringed seal, the most conspicuous adaptation is the aortic bulb, a large dilatation of the ascending aorta, which is comparable to that found in other seal species and marine mammals. Coronary arteries are similar to those of terrestrial mammals. The branches of the ascending aorta (brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery) are similar to those of higher primates and man. The pulmonary trunk originates from the right ventricle near the ventral midline of the thorax. The peculiarities of the venous system are three pulmonary veins, a pericardial venous plexus, a caval sphincter, a hepatic sinus with paired caudal vena cavae and a large extradural venous system. Generally, three pulmonary veins (right, left, middle) empty into the left atrium. The right and left pulmonary veins drain the cranial and middle lung lobes of their respective lung, while the middle pulmonary vein drains both caudal lung lobes and the accessory lobe. The pericardial venous plexus lies on the pericardial pleura on the auricular (ventral) surface the heart. The azygous vein is formed from the union of right and left azygous veins near the 5th thoracic vertebra. The caval sphincter surrounds the caudal vena cava as it passes through the diaphragm. Caudal to the diaphragm, the vena cava is dilated excessively (the hepatic sinus) and near the kidneys it is biphid. Cardiovascular physiological studies have shown some of these anatomical variations, especially of the venous system and the ascending aorta, to be modifications for diving.

Electronic Resource

1439-0264

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Teaching veterinary anatomy continually presents new challenges. Cadaver procurement and usage comes under question from students, administration and the community. Student expectations rise while there participation wanes. Grades are hopelessly inflated. Time has been sliced away from many basic science courses. What can we do? We can run away or devise a plan. We use a tool that can make all these problems seem worse, it will take more of your time and your Dean's money, it will make some students angry with you, but it is a great hobby for those who enjoy preparing anatomical specimens. Plastination! Our lab has been using plastination for 20 years. Plastination was invented by Dr. Günter von Hagens 26 years ago at the University of Heidelberg. The silicone plastination process has four major steps. For a laboratory to be successful and remain even after you retire or get fired, the first step in the process must be done meticulously. Step 1: Specimen preparation and fixation - plan what the specimen should demonstrate. Hollow organs must be dilated and fixed in a dilated form. Specimens must be positioned in an anatomical arrangement. Step 2: Dehydration: Cold (-25°C) Acetone is preferred, however alcohol may be used. Step 3: Impregnation: Replacing the volatile solvent (acetone) with a curable polymer. Step 4: Curing, hardening, or cross-linking the polymer - also a critical step. You must know what the final product is to look like. Once cured, the specimen will remain in that position. Silicone plastination yields somewhat life-like, dry, durable, aesthetically pleasing specimens that can be used in most any circumstance and any audience. Labelling specimens and/or photographing the specimens and labelling the photograph will enhance student use. Usage: A. Anatomical instruction - Two formats have been used. 1. Plastinated specimens used with no wet dissection of that region and 2. Specimens used as a supplement and review after dissection has been completed. B. Client or public education. C. Anatomical review for Veterinarians. D. Display of anatomy area for tours. Benefits: A. Medical students and Practitioners - Specimens are dry, therefore they are convenient to use at any time even on short notice. Items that are difficult to dissect and/or visualize are good adjuncts to teaching. B. Client/Public education - Great public relations as well as seeing the involved anatomy. C. Anatomy program - The use of prosected, plastinated large animal specimens allows students access to competently prepared, long lasting study material. By not having to dissect the entire large animal cadaver, students do not rush through dissection of the equine and bovine species limbs to compensate for the reduction in laboratory time. This approach allows sufficient time for students to study the limbs of various species within the time frame dictated by the curricular revision. Disadvantage: Some students may not do a complete dissection and/or not use their wet specimens for study/review. Some students want everything to be plastinated so they can memorize one example and forget about variation. Polyester and epoxy polymers may also be used for plastination. These polymers yield are used for preparing thin body slices, which are not flexible. With the advent of MRI, CT and ultrasonography an understanding of sectional anatomy is necessary, these thin slices are an ideal tool to aid understanding images of these modalities. Plastination is a fabulous tool, which is recommended as an adjunct for teaching anatomy.

Electronic Resource

1432-0428

Insulin ; glucagon ; secretin ; vaso-active intestinal polypeptide ; glucose ; glycerol and 3-hydroxy-butyrate

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary A comparison of the metabolic and gastroentero-pancreatic hormonal responses of ten obese and eight lean subjects to 12 h and 36 h fasts has been made. Each subject was given a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test at the end of both 12 h and 36 h starvation. After the 12 h fast blood glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate were similar in each group but blood glycerol was 30% higher in the obese subjects. Plasma insulin and vaso-active intestinal polypeptide were also higher in the obese subjects after 12 h starvation. After 36 h starvation in the lean subjects blood glucose was unchanged but on refeeding with 50 g oral glucose, glucose tolerance was impaired. In the same group blood glycerol and 3-hydroxybutyrate rose after 36 h starvation. Plasma glucagon, secretin and vaso-active intestinal polypeptide rose after 36 h starvation in the lean subjects but plasma insulin was unchanged. Refeeding with oral glucose suppressed the increased plasma glucagon, secretin and vaso-active intestinal polypeptide. After the 36 h fast in the obese subjects, blood glucose was unchanged, blood glycerol fell, but blood 3-hydroxybutyrate rose although to a reduced level in comparison with the lean subjects. In the obese group there was no change in plasma glucagon, secretin or vaso-active intestinal polypeptide after 36 h starvation, although plasma insulin fell. The results show different metabolic and gastro-entero-pancreatic hormonal responses to fasting in lean and obese human subjects and suggest an important metabolic role of glucagon, secretin and vaso-active intestinal polypeptide during starvation.

Electronic Resource

1432-0428

GIP ; insulin ; glucose ; fasting

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary The plasma GIP response to an oral 50 g glucose tolerance test has been compared in eight non-obese human subjects after 12 and 36 h of fasting. Basal plasma GIP and basal plasma insulin concentrations were similar after 12 and 36 h of fasting. Basal blood glucose was lower after 36 h fasting than after 12 h fasting (P〈0.0125). After 36 h fasting the oral glucose tolerance test stimulated higher blood glucose concentrations at 60, 90 and 120 min (p〈0.0125) and higher plasma insulin concentrations at similar time points (p〈0.05), but stimulated plasma GIP concentrations were similar after 12 and 36 h fasts. These findings show that the increased insulinotrophic effect of oral glucose after 36 h fasting in nonobese subjects is not due to an associated augmentation of the glucose-induced GIP response.

Electronic Resource