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1Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressM. W. Carroll ; D. A. Matthews ; J. A. Hiscox ; M. J. Elmore ; G. Pollakis ; A. Rambaut ; R. Hewson ; I. Garcia-Dorival ; J. A. Bore ; R. Koundouno ; S. Abdellati ; B. Afrough ; J. Aiyepada ; P. Akhilomen ; D. Asogun ; B. Atkinson ; M. Badusche ; A. Bah ; S. Bate ; J. Baumann ; D. Becker ; B. Becker-Ziaja ; A. Bocquin ; B. Borremans ; A. Bosworth ; J. P. Boettcher ; A. Cannas ; F. Carletti ; C. Castilletti ; S. Clark ; F. Colavita ; S. Diederich ; A. Donatus ; S. Duraffour ; D. Ehichioya ; H. Ellerbrok ; M. D. Fernandez-Garcia ; A. Fizet ; E. Fleischmann ; S. Gryseels ; A. Hermelink ; J. Hinzmann ; U. Hopf-Guevara ; Y. Ighodalo ; L. Jameson ; A. Kelterbaum ; Z. Kis ; S. Kloth ; C. Kohl ; M. Korva ; A. Kraus ; E. Kuisma ; A. Kurth ; B. Liedigk ; C. H. Logue ; A. Ludtke ; P. Maes ; J. McCowen ; S. Mely ; M. Mertens ; S. Meschi ; B. Meyer ; J. Michel ; P. Molkenthin ; C. Munoz-Fontela ; D. Muth ; E. N. Newman ; D. Ngabo ; L. Oestereich ; J. Okosun ; T. Olokor ; R. Omiunu ; E. Omomoh ; E. Pallasch ; B. Palyi ; J. Portmann ; T. Pottage ; C. Pratt ; S. Priesnitz ; S. Quartu ; J. Rappe ; J. Repits ; M. Richter ; M. Rudolf ; A. Sachse ; K. M. Schmidt ; G. Schudt ; T. Strecker ; R. Thom ; S. Thomas ; E. Tobin ; H. Tolley ; J. Trautner ; T. Vermoesen ; I. Vitoriano ; M. Wagner ; S. Wolff ; C. Yue ; M. R. Capobianchi ; B. Kretschmer ; Y. Hall ; J. G. Kenny ; N. Y. Rickett ; G. Dudas ; C. E. Coltart ; R. Kerber ; D. Steer ; C. Wright ; F. Senyah ; S. Keita ; P. Drury ; B. Diallo ; H. de Clerck ; M. Van Herp ; A. Sprecher ; A. Traore ; M. Diakite ; M. K. Konde ; L. Koivogui ; N. Magassouba ; T. Avsic-Zupanc ; A. Nitsche ; M. Strasser ; G. Ippolito ; S. Becker ; K. Stoecker ; M. Gabriel ; H. Raoul ; A. Di Caro ; R. Wolfel ; P. Formenty ; S. Gunther
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Published 2015Staff ViewPublication Date: 2015-06-18Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsPublished by: -
2Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0732-118XSource: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: PsychologyType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
3Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0257-8972Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision MechanicsPhysicsType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
4Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0304-422XSource: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: Linguistics and Literary StudiesArt HistoryType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
5Articles: DFG German National LicensesFuchshuber, Pascal R. ; Loree, Thom R. ; Hicks, Wesley L. ; Cheney, Richard T. ; Shedd, Donald P.
Springer
Published 1998Staff ViewISSN: 1534-4681Keywords: Medullary thyroid cancer ; Thyroid cancerSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract Background: Because medullary thyroid carcinoma accounts for only 7% of all thyroid malignancies, data to support treatment strategies are scarce. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed treatment and outcome in 34 patients with MTC treated at Roswell Park between 1961 and 1995. Univariate analysis was performed using the variables age, sex, tumor size, N stage, and M stage. Results: Median survival was 4.7 years, with 51% and 32% of patients alive at 5 and 15 years, respectively. Nodal metastases were seen in 76% and distant metastases in 67% of all patients. More than 60% of the patients with nodal metastases survived longer than 10 years. Once diagnosed with distant metastases, 90% of the patients died within 5 years. Local failure rate with lobectomy was 44%, compared to 10% after total thyroidectomy (P〈.02). Age, extrathyroid extension, and M stage portend a poor outcome. Nodal status had no statistically significant impact on survival. Conclusion: Survival with tumors confined to the thyroid gland is independent of nodal status. Long-term survival in patients with distant metastases is rare. This study underscores the role of total thyroidectomy in the initial treatment and the need to develop effective adjuvant therapy for MTC.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
6Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1534-4681Keywords: Papillary carcinoma ; Thyroid ; Risk group stratificationSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract Background: Our understanding of the natural history of differentiated thyroid carcinoma has improved with the definition of prognostic factors. These prognostic factors have helped us identify patients in various risk groups. Methods: A retrospective review of a consecutive series of 810 previously untreated patients with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid was undertaken to analyze the prognostic factors and risk groups. There were 403 patients in the low-risk group, 313 in the intermediate group, and 94 classified in the high-risk group. Results: With a median follow-up of 20 years, 99% survival was achieved in the low-risk group, whereas only 43% survived in the high-risk group. The intermediate-risk group had a 20-year survival of 83%. The favorable prognostic factors included female sex, young age, absence of distant metastases and extrathyroidal extension of the disease, size 〈4 cm, and low-grade histology. Focality, presence of lymph node metastasis, and pure papillary or mixed variant had no statistical significance on prognosis. Conclusions: Based on various prognostic factors, low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups are identified. Patients in the low-risk group have excellent survival (99%). Appropriate selection of surgical and adjuvant treatment should therefore be used based on prognostic factors and risk group stratification.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
7Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1534-4681Keywords: Thyroid cancer ; Prognostic factors ; Risk groups ; Surgical treatmentSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract Background: The well recognized prognostic factors in differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid are age, grade, extracapsular extension, distant metastasis, and size of the tumor. Based on these prognostic factors, we have divided patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk categories. Clearly, there are significant differences in these three groups. This article analyzes in depth our data on low-risk thyroid cancer patients. Methods: A retrospective review of 1,038 patients with differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid was undertaken. Various prognostic factors and risk groups were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and the survival curves were plotted by the Kaplan-Meier method. The inclusion criteria for the low-risk group were age younger than 45 years, tumors 〈4 cm in size, low-grade histology, absence of distant metastasis, and absence of extrathyroidal extension. There were 465 patients in the low-risk group. Four hundred three patients had papillary and 62 patients had follicular thyroid cancer. There were 120 male and 354 female patients. Two hundred seventy-eight patients (60%) presented with clinically apparent lymph node metastasis. Results: With a median follow-up of 20 years, the 10- and 20-year survival in this select group was 99%. The local, regional, and distant recurrence rates were 5, 9, and 2% in this series. The analysis of the data showed statistical difference in local recurrence rate between partial lobectomy and total lobectomy (27 vs. 4%; p=0.005). There was no statistical difference in local recurrence rate between total lobectomy compared with total thyroidectomy (4 vs. 1%; p=0.10). The overall failure rate between partial lobectomy and total thyroidectomy (27 vs. 8%) was statistically significant (p=0.04). There was no statistical difference in the overall failure rate between total lobectomy and total thyroidectomy (13 vs. 8%; p=0.06). There was no survival difference between various histologies or nodal status. Conclusions: Patients with low-risk tumors have excellent long-term survival. Nodulectomy or partial lobectomy should be avoided. The intraoperative decisions regarding the extent of thyroidectomy should be based on gross clinical findings and risk group analysis.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
8Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1435-2451Keywords: Animal Keeping ; Calf ; Beginning Early Weaning ; Anemia ; Volume of Erythrocytes ; Cardiac OutputSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineDescription / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchungen der Entwicklung der Erythrocytenvolumina bei heranwachsenden Kälbern zeigen bei Milchmastkälbern die Entwicklung einer Eisenmangelanämie, die im Normalfall bis zum Zeitpunkt der Schlachtreife fortschreitet. Bei rechtzeitiger gezielter und überwachter Futterumstellung ist es möglich, die für Implantationsversuche eines künstlichen Herzens bestgeeigneten Versuchskälber jahreszeitunabhängig heranzuziehen. Die Umstellung muß im frühen Alter (14 bis 21 Tage), in dem die Tiere noch ausreichend durch das fötale Eisendepot versorgt sind, erfolgen. Anzustreben sind Versuchstiere mit folgenden Werten: a) Hämoglobin im Blut 〉 11 g%, b) Hämatokrit 〉 32%, c) maximaler Thoraxumfang 〉 105 cm, d) maximales Erythrocytenvolumen 〉 30 μm3, e) Gewicht 90–120 kg, f) Alter 60–90 Tage. Bei der Verwendung derartiger Rauhfutterkälber zeigten sich erhebliche Vorteile auf den Gebieten: Hämatologie, Hämodynamik — Kreislaufregulation, operative Technik, Raumbedarf der Blutpumpen — Herzzeitvolumen.Notes: Summary The development of erythrocyte volumina in growing calves has been investigated and shows in milk mast calves the development of hypoferric anemia, which increases in normal cases until slaughter time. An exact supervision of change of food makes it possible to breed suitable, season independent animals for experiments with implantation of an artificial heart. This change in nutrition must be carried out at early age (14 to 21 days) when the animals are still sufficiently supplied by the foetale iron depot. Ideal are animals with the following data: a) Haemoglobin in blood 〉 11g%, b) Haematocrit 〉 32%, c) maximal thoracic circumference 〉 105 cm, d) maximal volume of erythrocytes 〉 30 μm3, e) weight 90–120 kg, f) age 60–90 days. When using these hay and grain fed calves important advantages in the following fields were evident: haematology, haemodynamic — circulatory regulation, operation technique, intrathoracic space for the blood pump — cardiac output.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
9Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-2323Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineDescription / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons, chez le chien, testé 5 types d'oxygénateurs à membrane aux points de vue sécurité, efficacité et effets secondaires. L'oxygénateur Teflo-Lung® est le plus efficace au point de vue échanges gazeux par unité de surface. Sa sécurité est acceptable. Cependant, lorsqu'il est utilisé en clinique pendant des périodes de longue durée, certaines fractions plasmatiques traversent la membrane, ce qui réduit les échanges gazeux: cet oxygénateur doit donc être changé fréquemment. L'appareil Spiral-Coil® est efficace pour les échanges d'oxygène; la sécurité est bonne; mais, comme pour toute membrane en silicone, la capacité d'échange de CO2 est limitée. L'appareil Dua-Lung® est le seul qui altère les hématies. L'oxygénateur Landé doit être prétraité pour éliminer la poudre riche en sodium qui tapisse la membrane, qui gène les manipulations et entraîne un risque d'hypernatrémie. Nous n'avons pas étudié l'hémoglobine plasmatique, mais un autre paramètre qui mesure des traumatismes sub-hémolysants.Notes: Abstract Five different membrane oxygenators were tested in dogs for reliability, efficiency, and side effects. The Teflo-Lung® was found to have the most effective gas exchange per membrane unit and acceptable reliability. Experience in clinical long-term oxygenation, however, revealed passage of plasma fractions through the membrane. This caused increasing deterioration of the gas exchange and necessitated frequent replacement of the oxygenator. The Spiral-Coil® oxygenator showed an effective oxygen exchange rate and good reliability, but like all silicone membranes, had limited CO2 exchange capacity. Only the Dua-Lung® resulted in deterioration of the red blood cells. The Landé Oxygenator® needed pretreatment to rinse the sodium-powdered membranes that impeded handling and entailed possible risks. Plasma hemoglobin was not studied because another parameter was introduced to measure subhemolytic trauma.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
10Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1912Keywords: Liver ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertrophy ; Mitosis ; Degree of Ploidy ; Leber ; Hyperplasie ; Hypertrophie ; Mitosen ; PloidiegradSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineDescription / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Benutzung eines elektronischen Partikelzählgerätes erlaubt eine schnelle und exakte Bestimmung von Zahl und Ploidiegrad der in der Leber enthaltenen Zellkerne. Die Darstellung geeigneter Kernpräparationen wird beschrieben und die Brauchbarkeit der Methode durch Vergleich mit herkömmlichen Zählverfahren belegt. Mit Hilfe des Verfahrens wurden Kernzahl und Ploidiegrad in der Leber von Ratten verschiedenen Alters und von solchen Tieren bestimmt, die zuvor α-HCH und Phenobarbital erhalten hatten. Die beiden Substanzen führen zu einer Vermehrung der Zellkerne und des Anteils tetraploider Kerne. Ähnliche Veränderungen sind beim altersabhängigen Wachstum der Tiere zu beobachten. Unter dem Einfluß von α-HCH und Phenobarbital zeigt sich im histologischen Schnitt eine Steigerung der Mitose-Rate. Diese Befunde belegen, daß Fremdstoffe in der Leber nicht nur eine Hypertrophie, sondern auch eine Hyperplasie, also eine Vermehrung der Parenchymzellen auslösen können; α-HCH ist in dieser Hinsicht wirksamer als Phenobarbital. Die toxikologische Bedeutung dieser Veränderungen wird diskutiert.Notes: Summary The use of an electronic particle-counting device permits the rapid and accurate determination of the number and the degree of “ploidy” of cell nuclei contained in liver. The preparation of a suitable suspension of liver cell nuclei is described and the reliability of the method is demonstrated by comparing it with counting techniques in current use. The method has been used to determine the number and the “ploidy” of cell nuclei in the liver of rats which had been given α-benzene hexachloride (α-BHC=α-HCH) or phenobarbital. Either substance produces an increase in both the total number of nuclei and in the percentage of tetraploid nuclei. There is a concomitant increase in the number of mitoses seen in histological sections. These findings show that foreign substances not only produce hypertrophy of the liver but also hyperplasia, i.e. an increase in the number of parenchymal cells. α-BHC is more potent in this respect than phenobarbital. The toxicological significance of these effects is discussed.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
11Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0094-1190Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: EconomicsType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
12Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0140-1750Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: BiologyType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
13Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0140-1750Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: BiologyType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
14Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-0584Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
15Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-0584Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineDescription / Table of Contents: Summary The authors report on a new method for the differentiation between LE cells, pseudo-LE cells, and LE-like cells by means of the vital fluorochromization with acridine orange. The method is based on the concentration-dependent metachromasia of acridine orange and on Strugger's concentration effect. The inclusions of LE cells are clearly distinguished from the red to orange fluorescent inclusions of pseudo-LE cells by their green fluorescence; LE-like cells, which may occur due to erythrocyte phagocytosis and vacuolization, are not fluorescent.Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine neue Methode zur Differenzierung zwischen LE-Zellen, Pseudo-LE-Zellen und LE-ähnlichen Zellen mit Hilfe der Vitalfluorochromierung mit Acridinorange berichtet. Das Verfahren beruht auf der konzentrationsabhängigen Metachromasie des Acridinorange und demStruggerschen Konzentrationseffekt. Die Einschlüsse der LE-Zellen unterscheiden sich durch ihre Grünfluoreszenz klar von den rot- bis orange-fluoreszierenden Einschlüssen der Psudo-LE-Zellen. LE-ähnliche Zelle, wie sie durch Erythrozytenphagozytose und Vakuolisierung entstehen können, fluoreszieren nicht.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
16Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1297Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MathematicsType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
17Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1076Keywords: Cystic fibrosis ; Red cells ; Salt-transport defect ; Valinomycin ; Gramicidin DSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineDescription / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das mittlere Zellvolumen (MCV) und der Volumen-Variationskoeffizient von Erythrocyten wurde mit Hilfe eines elektronischen Partikel-Volumen-Analysators (Zentralstrahlcapillare) bei Patienten mit Mucoviscidose (cystische Pankreasfibrose (C.F.)) und gesunden Kontrollen gemessen. Da die Meßwerte bei C.F. nicht signifikant von den Normalwerten abweichen, wird ein ausgeprägter Defekt des Salztransportes bei C. F.-Erythrocyten als unwahrscheinlich angesehen. Nach Zusatz von Valinomycin zu Normalerythrocyten wird eine Volumenabnahme (durch Steigerung der K+-Permeabilität), nach Zusatz von Gramicidin D eine Volumenzunahme (durch Steigerung der Na+-Permeabilität) beobachtet. Zugabe von C.F.-Schweiß zu Normalerythrocyten bewirkt keine Volumenänderung. Hieraus wird geschlossen, daß der „C.F.-Faktor” keinen Einfluß auf die passive Ionenpermeabilität der Erythrocytenmembran hat.Notes: Abstract Normal values of mean cell volume (M.C.V.) and of distribution of single cell volumes (S.C.V.) have been observed in erythrocytes of patients with cystic fibrosis using an electronical particle-volume analyzer (sheath flow detector). From these results a strong defect in red cell salt transport seems improbable. Valinomycin induces shrinking (by increase of K+ permeability) and gramicidin D induces swelling (by increase of Na+ permeability) of normal erythrocytes. Addition of C.F. sweat to normal erythrocytes induces no volume change. From this result no influence of the “C.F. factor” on passive ion permeability is concluded.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
18Articles: DFG German National LicensesAntrim, L. D. ; Thom, R. M. ; Gardiner, W. W. ; Cullinan, V. I. ; Shreffler, D. K. ; Bienert, R. W.
Springer
Published 1995Staff ViewISSN: 1432-1793Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Abstract Although research has been conducted on the effects of oil on the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, no similar studies have been completed on bull kelp, Nereocystis leutkeana, the dominant kelp in Washington State, British Columbia, and Alaska. The effects of three petroleum products [diesel fuel, intermediate fuel oil (IFO), and crude oil] were tested before and after weathering on N. luetkeana. Whole plants were exposed to petroleum product for 4 or 24 h and then transferred to the field; observations on the condition of the plants were made daily for 7 d. In addition, controlled bioassays were performed to measure the effects of petroleum exposure on net photosynthetic rate (NP) and respiration rate (R), using light-and dark-bottle techniques. These experiments verified the susceptibility of N. luetkeana tissue to the damaging effects of direct exposure to several oil types. The 4 h exposures to weathered diesel and unweathered IFO, and 24 h exposures to unweathered and weathered diesel and IFO resulted in moderate to severe damage to kelp tissue (i.e., clearly delineated bleached line accompanied by tissue necrosis). Weathered diesel was more toxic than unweathered diesel. The most severe damage to bull kelp was concentrated at the meristematic zone (junction of stipe and bulb) where new tissue growth occurs. Petroleum type significantly affected stipe and blade NP, R, and NP:R ratios. Diesel treatments had a greater negative effect on NP than did the IFO treatments. Based on these experiments, the relative ranking of the damaging effects of petroleum treatment on bull kelp are weathered diesel〉unweathered IFO〉unweathered diesel〉weathered IFO〉unweathered crude〉weathered crude.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
19Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1793Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Abstract The standing stock of benthic macroalgae, sediment-associated microalgae and eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) was sampled in conjunction with irradiance and water properties from June 1982 through March 1984 to examine the relationship between the dynamics of benthic primary producers and environmental factors in central Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Sediment-associated microalgal standing stock (measured by chlorophylla) peaked in April and August. The seaweed assemblage, dominated by bladed green algae (e.g.Ulva fenestrata) and eelgrass exhibited maximum standing stocks in August. Although water temperature correlated best with changes in standing stock of all vegetation types, solar irradiance appeared to trigger the onset of biomass buildup and autumn die-back by the plants. Seasonal variations in dissolved oxygen reflected the buildup and loss of plant standing-stock. Nutrient concentrations, with the exception of ammonia, exhibited seasonal trends. Most nutrients were in greatest concentration in winter and reached minimum concentration in late spring-summer. Regeneration of nutrients in autumn followed shortly after the autumn dieback of the benthic vegetation. We concluded that irradiance was the primary controlling factor in the system. Nutrient limitation (primarily nitrate) may control standing-stock accumulations from the period May–October when light is not limiting. In contrast to phytoplankton systems in deep portions of Puget Sound, shallow nearshore systems may be more susceptible to the effects of increased inorganic nutrient-loadings from anthropogenic sources.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
20Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1793Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Abstract This study was conducted in Puget Sound, USA, and investigated the effect of graveling intertidal mud and sandflats to enhance clam production on the benthic assemblage structure, primary productivity, respiration, and nutrient flux. The study was conducted between spring and autumn (1991), the period of greatest productivity and plant standing stock in Puget Sound. Graveled and control plots were established in the low intertidal zone on a mud flat in a protected embayment (Chapman Cove) and an exposed sandflat (Semiahmoo Bay). Gravel altered benthic assemblage structure, respiration, and nutrient flux rates. Graveled plots contained more surface coverage of sessile animals and seaweeds. Net productivity (NP), which differed relatively little between graveled and control plots, was negative for all but one sampling at the protected embayment plots. In contrast, NP was always positive at the exposed sandflat plots. The respiration rate was 13 to 57% greater in the graveled plot at Chapman Cove than in the adjacent control plot, and 7 to 54% greater in the gravel plot than the control plots at Semiahmoo Bay. Heterotrophy was greater in the graveled plots, as reflected by a lower net productivity to respiration ratio. Effects of graveling on water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen and inorganic nitrogen concentrations were not detected. Graveling sandy and mud beaches increases secondary productivity, which is associated with increased rates of remineralization and release of dissolved nutrients to the water column.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: