Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:R. L. Morris)

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    Morris, R. L. ; Amelar, S. ; Lodge, T. P.

    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1988
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7690
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes:
    The rotational relaxation of the solvent Aroclor 1248 (A1248) has been examined in solutions containing either polystyrene (PS), 0≤c≤0.269 g/cc, or polybutadiene (PB), 0≤c≤0.264 g/cc, by oscillatory electric birefringence. Measurements were performed at eight temperatures from −17.31 to 25.00 °C. In all cases the normalized solvent relaxation time τ/τ0, where τ0 was the value in neat solvent, was an exponential function of concentration. For PS/A1248, ∂ ln(τ/τ0)/∂c was independent of temperature and equal to 13±1 cc/g, whereas for PB/A1248, ∂ ln(τ/τ0)/∂c increased steadily with temperature and was negative for measurement temperatures of 2.81 °C and below. These observations were qualitatively consistent with a picture of solvent clustering or ordering, which was enhanced by the addition of PS but disrupted by PB. Although some features of the data were also consistent with changes in solution free volume, as indicated by measurements of the composition-dependent glass transition temperature, such considerations were not sufficient to reconcile all the observed behavior. The ratio τ/τ0 was interpreted as representing an effective, average solvent friction function ζˆ(c,T), which could also be used to define an effective solvent viscosity, ηe(c,T)=ηs(T)⋅ζˆ(c,T). It was shown that ∂ ln ζˆ/∂c, also equivalent to an intrinsic effective viscosity [ηe], was very close in magnitude and sign to the intrinsic high frequency limiting viscosity [η'∞] for both PS/A1248 and PB/A1248. This implies that the measured values ofη∞ reflect predominantly polymer-induced changes in solvent friction. Therefore, it may not be necessary to invoke additional sources of energy dissipation, such as chain stiffness or internal viscosity, to describe the high frequency viscoelastic or oscillatory flow birefringence properties of flexible chains. Furthermore, to the extent that η'∞ reflects changes in solvent friction for any polymer/solvent system, measured values of the intrinsic viscosity [η] require reinterpretation, particularly for lower molecular weight polymers. It was also demonstrated that ζˆ(c,T), as inferred from measurements of solvent or probe diffusion in the same systems [von Meerwall, Amelar, Smeltzly, and Lodge, Macromolecules (in press)], was quite different from that reported here, indicating inter alia that the correct method for accounting for changes in local friction in polymer solutions has yet to be established.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
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    Pouvelle, B. ; Spiegel, R. ; Hsiao, L. ; Howard, R. J. ; Morris, R. L. ; Thomas, A. P. ; Taraschi, T. F.

    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Published 1991
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Source:
    Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Notes:
    [Auszug] We have shown that fluorescent phosphatidylcholine added to tissue culture medium containing trophozoite-stage P. fal-ciparum-infected erythrocytes rapidly labels parasite membranes under conditions that block endocytosis2'3. To determine how the parasites are labelled, we compared the uptake of ...
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  5. 5
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1618-2650
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses