Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:R. Khanin)

2012-02-22

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

3T3-L1 Cells ; Adipocytes/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Animals ; Astrocytes/cytology/drug effects ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects/*genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Lineage/genetics ; DNA Methylation/drug effects ; Enzyme Induction/drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Glioma/enzymology/genetics/pathology ; Glutarates/metabolism/pharmacology ; HEK293 Cells ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics/metabolism ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/antagonists & ; inhibitors/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Methylation/drug effects ; Mice ; Mutation/*genetics ; Neural Stem Cells/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics

1573-9279

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Geosciences

Conclusions 1. The quality of foundation projects, including pile projects, is substantially affected by the quality of the engineering-geologic explorations. Poor explorations data lead to incorrect selection of the foundation type and dimensions, and to underestimating of the pile allowable design loads, which causes overconsumption of materials and increases the labor, construction time, and cost of the foundations. 2. In many cases, the full value of the results depends on the clearness of the tasks raised by the project authors for the reconnaissance specialists. The exploration task should reflect the constructional characteristics of the building or structure, as well as the required base soil data which would subsequently permit carrying out alternative foundation design. 3. The authors of projects for foundations of buildings and structures should know the technical possibilities of the reconnaissance organizations and the appropriate ways of evaluating the obtained results. 4. For large construction projects, under complex engineering-geologic conditions, it is advisable that the design-exploration work be carried out in an integrated manner by forces of an organization specialized in the foundation engineering field, which on the whole permits reducing the cost of the explorations and the time required for performing them. 5. For projects with large pile foundation volumes (1000 piles and more) it is economically advisable to carry out control tests of soils by sounding, use of standard prototype piles, and other field methods during the initial construction period, engaging design-reconnaissance organizations specialized in the foundation engineering field.

Electronic Resource

1573-9279

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Geosciences

Conclusions 1. Use of reinforced-concrete HCP and PS on many projects involving industrial and civil construction may significantly lower material consumption for the construction of foundations and labor outlays for their installation. 2. Methods that prevent crack formation in PS during their embedment and while in service have been developed and implemented for the broader practical implementation of substantially refined HCP and PS designs; a vibratory procedure (vibratory pile drivers, vibrating grab buckets), which ensures the embedment of hollow circular piles and pile shells to a depth of up to 40–50 m has been created. 3. For broader implementation of HCP and PS, it is necessary to adjust their manufacture at plants run by interested ministries, bringing its volume to 10–15% of the volume of prismatic shells; and, to tool the manufacturers' plants with the required production equipment, which will provide for the manufacture of high-quality HCP and PS. The solution of these problems may increase the efficiency of pile-foundation constructions, save metal, cement, mineral resources, and energy, and lower labor outlays required for their installation.

Electronic Resource

1573-9279

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Geosciences

Abstract The writer substantiates the need for automation of the preparation and analysis of execution documentation applying computers, which makes it possible to raise the general pile construction level, to lower the safety factors, and, consequently, to ensure savings in construction materials.

Electronic Resource

1573-9279

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Geosciences

Abstract Experience gained with the use of precast piles as foundations most effective against a broad range of seismic effects and complex geologic-engineering conditions is discussed for the construction of the reserve coal storehouse of a thermal electric power plant in Shan-t’ou (Chinese People’s Republic).

Electronic Resource

1573-9279

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Geosciences

Conclusions 1. In addition to the factors enumerated at the outset of this paper, the character of the given external effects should be considered in selecting a pile design. It is expedient to use large-diameter (60–120 cm) predrilled-and-rammed piles in cases where the piles should sustain large (100 kN and greater) horizontal loadings, and driven or predrilled-and-rammed piles with a pedestal where the piles should sustain large vertical loads. 2. The advantage of one pile design over another should be weighed from both the cost indicators, and the material-outlay indicators for the pile and pile-foundation design, taking into account the resources of the construction organizations as a basis for a variant design.

Electronic Resource

1573-9279

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Geosciences

Electronic Resource

1573-9279

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Geosciences

Abstract The writer presents information about some problems of the seismicity of bases and foundations from results of work of specialists of the N. M. Gersevanov NIIOSP Institute carried out during 1988–1990 to establish the consequences of the Spitak earthquake of 7 December 1988 and to analyze design-research material related to different construction projects for reconstruction work in the disaster zone in Armenia.

Electronic Resource

1573-9279

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Geosciences

Electronic Resource

1573-9279

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Geosciences

Electronic Resource

1573-9279

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Geosciences

Electronic Resource

1573-9279

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Geosciences

Electronic Resource

1573-9279

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Geosciences

Conclusions 1. The methods given in Construction Norms and Regulations II-17-77 for determination of design loads permitted on piles are not equivalent in terms of reliability of results obtained and the time and resources expanded for their realization. They should be used with consideration of the stage of design development, complexity of the engineering-geologic conditions at the construction site, and characteristic structural features of the buildings and designs, in conformity with Appendix 3 of "Guidelines for the design of pile foundations." 2. The more precise definition of methods used to compute the bearing capacity of piles from static-probe data and the combined use of fundamental methods makes it possible to save 25 million rubles, 8000 tons of steel, and 70,000 tons of cement per year throughout the country on the whole due to an increase in design loads on piles.

Electronic Resource