Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:R. Durst)

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  1. 1
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    Publication Date:
    2015-08-11
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Animals ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Cadherins/deficiency/*genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Movement/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mitral Valve/abnormalities/embryology/pathology/surgery ; Mitral Valve Prolapse/*genetics/*pathology ; Mutation/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Protein Stability ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Zebrafish/genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  2. 2
    Thorson, T. A. ; Durst, R. D. ; Fonck, R. J. ; Wainwright, L. P.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1997
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7674
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    Unique measurements of the basic plasma-flow characteristics in a low pressure (≤53 mPa H2) spherically convergent ion focus are obtained using high-voltage (≤5 kV) emissive and double probes. The radial plasma potential distribution agrees with a collisionless, recirculating, space-charge-limited current model. Flow convergence increases with voltage and neutral pressure and decreases with cathode grid wire spacing and current. Core radii within 4–5 times the ideal geometric limit are measured, and the observed core sizes are consistent with predictions from a multipass orbit model which includes asymmetries in the accelerating potential well. A virtual anode is observed in the converged core region, and no evidence for multiple potential well structures in the core is found. Measurements of the core ion density (nic∼1015 m−3) are consistent with simple flow convergence models. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  3. 3
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    ISSN:
    1089-7674
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    In the Phaedrus-T tokamak [R. A. Breun et al., Fusion Technol. 19, 1327 (1991)], Alfvén waves are indirectly driven by a fast wave antenna array. Small fractions of minority ions are shown to have a large effect on the Alfvén spectrum, as measured at the edge. An ion–ion hybrid Alfvén mode has been identified by measuring dispersion properties. Landau damping is predicted to be large and spatially localized. These Alfvénic waves are experimentally shown to generate correlated electron heating and changes in density near the core of the tokamak plasma. Fast wave antenna fields can mode convert at a hybrid Alfvén resonance and provide a promising route to spatially localized tokamak heating and current drive, even for low effective ionic charge Zeff≈1.3–2. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Electronic Resource
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    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  4. 4
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7674
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    The confinement and the stability properties of the DIII-D tokamak [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 159] high-performance discharges are evaluated in terms of rotational and magnetic shear, with an emphasis on the recent experimental results obtained from the negative central magnetic shear (NCS) experiments. In NCS discharges, a core transport barrier is often observed to form inside the NCS region accompanied by a reduction in core fluctuation amplitudes. Increasing negative magnetic shear contributes to the formation of this core transport barrier, but by itself is not sufficient to fully stabilize the toroidal drift mode (trapped-electron-ηi mode) to explain this formation. Comparison of the Doppler shift shear rate to the growth rate of the ηi mode suggests that the large core E×B flow shear can stabilize this mode and broaden the region of reduced core transport. Ideal and resistive stability analysis indicates the performance of NCS discharges with strongly peaked pressure profiles is limited by the resistive interchange mode to low βN≤2.3. This mode is insensitive to the details of the rotational and the magnetic shear profiles. A new class of discharges, which has a broad region of weak or slightly negative magnetic shear (WNS), is described. The WNS discharges have broader pressure profiles and higher β values than the NCS discharges, together with high confinement and high fusion reactivity. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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    Electronic Resource
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    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  5. 5
    Fonck, R. J. ; Cosby, G. ; Durst, R. ; Gibney, T. ; Thompson, M. ; Paul, S. F.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1992
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    The capability of controlling a diagnostic subsystem and interactively participating in the experimental program on Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) from a remote site has been developed and demonstrated on the TFTR BES experiment. Interactive communications are established from multiscreen remote workstations at the University of Wisconsin to the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory VAX cluster via multiple terminal sessions across the InterNet national network. Full control of the diagnostic, access to all relevant machine parameters and wave forms, and operations run logs are all available with automatic updates between plasma shots. A real-time count-down shot clock with timer, machine event status, and shot number provides a real-time interface to the TFTR shot sequence. This means of remote participation in a central fusion experiment provides vital experience for extrapolation to implementation on an ignition device to test engineering concepts.
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    Electronic Resource
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    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  6. 6
    Paul, S. F. ; Cylinder, D. ; Durst, R. D. ; Fonck, R. J.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1992
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    A 400-fiber optic bundle has been installed as part of the beam emission spectroscopy diagnostic for measuring density fluctuations in Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor. One hundred bundles, each composed of four 1-mm-diam fibers, transmit Hα light 50 m away to 20 detectors located outside the radiation area. To shorten the time spent manually switching the bundles among the 20 detectors, a mechanized fiber selector was installed. The fiber bundles were separated into radial and poloidal groups of 220 and 180 fibers and coupled by a computer-controlled, motorized precision translation stage. The fibers were fastened to a plate and placed less than 0.003 in. from an identical plate that holds a similar array of fibers which transmits the light to the detectors. Holding the fiber spacing tolerance to 0.001 in., and using refractive index matching fluid, the highest measured loss was less than 0.5 dB, and generally was very small compared to the fiber's insertion loss. The stages are actuated with precision encoded micrometers and controlled by the beam emission spectroscopy VAX-resident software via a RS-232/CAMAC interface allowing arbitrary selections of fibers between plasma discharges with a 5 min repetition rate.
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    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  7. 7
    Fonck, R. J. ; Ashley, R. ; Durst, R. ; Paul, S. F. ; Renda, G.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1992
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    The beam emission spectroscopy optical fluctuation diagnostic requires the highest possible quantum efficiency detector at 656 nm to minimize the photon statistical baseline limit to the detectable fluctuation level. A photoconductive photodiode detector with an extremely low-noise preamplifier and a reactive feedback circuit provides quantum efficiencies up to 70%–80% for a useful frequency range of at least 0–150 kHz with incident powers of ∼10 nW. The diodes are chosen for negligible leakage current and hence do not require active cooling. These detectors have provided increase in the sensitivity to plasma fluctuation amplitude by a factor of ∼14 over photomultipliers and a factor of 4 over large area avalanche photodiodes.
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    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  8. 8
    Bretz, N. ; Paul, S. ; Nazikian, R. ; Synakowski, E. ; Fonck, R. ; Durst, R.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1992
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    A comparison of fluctuation spectra from both microwave scattering and beam emission spectroscopy (BES) on TFTR has been done at similar values of k and in a plasma in which the toroidal rotation and density profile have been well characterized. The two systems measure somewhat different values of k (k〈1.5 cm−1 for BES and k(approximately-greater-than)2.5 cm−1 for microwave scattering) and average over somewhat different regions of space (2–3 cm for BES and 30–40 cm for microwave scattering). As a result, the observed spectra can be different because of intrinsic differences in ||〈δne(k)〉||2 and because the spectra are affected differently by plasma rotation. Nevertheless, when beam induced toroidal plasma rotation is known or is minimized and the two systems are looking at similar spatial locations, the results from the two systems are similar and respond in the expected way to changes in toroidal rotation. A detailed discussion of several model cases will be presented.
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    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  9. 9
    Kim, J. S. ; Durst, R. D. ; Fonck, R. J. ; Fernandez, E. ; Ware, A. ; Terry, P. W.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1996
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7674
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    A new procedure for calculating the nonlinear energy transfer and linear growth/damping rate of fully developed turbulence is derived. It avoids the unphysically large damping rates typically obtained using the predecessor method of Ritz [Ch. P. Ritz, E. J. Powers, and R. D. Bengtson, Phys. Fluids B 1, 153 (1989)]. It enforces stationarity of the turbulence to reduce the effects of noise and fluctuations not described by the basic governing equation, and includes the fourth-order moment to avoid the closure approximation. The new procedure has been implemented and tested on simulated, fully developed two-dimensional (2-D) turbulence data from a 2-D trapped-particle fluid code, and has been shown to give excellent reconstructions of the input growth rate and nonlinear coupling coefficients with good noise rejection. However, in the experimentally important case where only a one-dimensional (1-D) averaged representation of the underlying 2-D turbulence is available, this technique does not, in general, give acceptable results. A new 1-D algorithm has thus been developed for analysis of 1-D measurements of intrinsically 2-D turbulence. This new 1-D algorithm includes the nonresonant wave numbers in calculating the bispectra, and generally gives useful results when the width of the radial wave number spectrum is comparable to or less than that of the poloidal spectrum. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  10. 10
    Thorson, T. A. ; Durst, R. D. ; Fonck, R. J.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1995
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    A two-dimensional analog to the beam emission spectroscopy (BES) diagnostic has been designed to acquire vorticity and plasma flow-field information by resolving the spatial and temporal intermittency of plasma turbulent structures. The beam emission imaging diagnostic measures collisionally induced neutral beam fluorescence to infer local plasma density variations. It consists of a high-throughput, interline-transfer CCD camera viewing, with narrow spectral bandwidth, a 10 cm high diagnostic neutral beam as it traverses the plasma. The camera is coupled to a gated image intensifier that provides for two images with exposure times up to a few ms to be separated by as little as 10 μs. Sensitivity to density fluctuations of ñ/n(approximately-greater-than)1.0% is expected using the Phaedrus-T beam operating at 20–25 keV in He0 or D0. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  11. 11
    Paul, S. F. ; Goldstein, J. L. ; Durst, R. D. ; Fonck, R. J.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1995
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    A bundle of 1-mm-diam fused silica optical fibers on an existing TFTR diagnostic has been exposed to 11 high-power DT discharges. Each shot subjected the fibers to a peak fast (14.7 MeV) neutron flux of ≈2×1012 n/cm2/s and a γ-dose rate of 500 rad(Si)/s for 0.75–1.0 s. The total fast-neutron fluence for these shots was ≈5×1012 n/cm2. A 15-m-long section of the bundle ran along the tokamak's toroidal field coils and the remaining 15 m ran radially away from the reactor. Fiber luminescence at 660 nm was ≈1010 photons/s/sr/cm2/A(ring) for the above flux (≈5%–10% of the bremsstrahlung emission), and varied linearly with DT neutron rate. Luminescence at 530 nm was 50% stronger, consistent with a Cerenkov radiation spectrum. Sensitivity to 3.5 MeV DD neutrons was ≈1/3 to 1/2 of that for DT neutrons. Fiber transmission decreased with the time integral of the neutron source rate and was reduced by 4% for the above flux. The fiber recovered rapidly: within 10 s, the transmission loss was only 2.5%. Shortly thereafter, the rate of recovery slowed to ≈0.05% per minute, but was sufficient to restore 75% of the transmission loss within two to four discharges. Recovery continued at ≈0.1% per hour and slowed overnight to ≈0.1% per day. Within the relative error of 〈0.2%, full transmission was recovered after five days. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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    Electronic Resource
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    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  12. 12
    McKee, G. ; Ashley, R. ; Durst, R. ; Fonck, R. ; Jakubowksi, M. ; Tritz, K.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1999
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  13. 13
    McKee, G. ; Ashley, R. ; Durst, R. ; Fonck, R. ; Jakubowski, M. ; Tritz, K.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1999
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    A beam emission spectroscopy system has been installed on DIII-D to provide localized density fluctuation measurements for long-wavelength turbulent modes with k≤3 cm−1 which are typically associated with anomalous radial transport. High signal-to-noise fluctuations measurements are accomplished through use of high speed electronics to maintain a frequency response of over 500 KHz and cryogenically cooled amplifiers and detectors to reduce electronic noise. The optics and neutral beam-sightline geometry have been optimized to allow for spatial resolution of Δr≤1 cm. In addition, a half-scale two-dimensional (2D) fiber array to measure the 2D turbulent density field, necessary to measure the full S(kr,kθ) wavenumber spectra, has been implemented and initial results obtained. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  14. 14
    Paul, S. F. ; Goldstein, J. L. ; Durst, R. D. ; Fonck, R. J.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1995
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    A bundle of 1-mm-diam fused silica optical fibers on an existing TFTR diagnostic has been exposed to 11 high-power DT discharges. Each shot subjected the fibers to a peak fast (14.7 MeV) neutron flux of ≈2×1012 n/cm2/s and a γ-dose rate of 500 rad(Si)/s for 0.75–1.0 s. The total fast-neutron fluence for these shots was ≈5×1012 n/cm2. A 15-m-long section of the bundle ran along the tokamak's toroidal field coils and the remaining 15 m ran radially away from the reactor. Fiber luminescence at 660 nm was ≈1010 photons/s/sr/cm2/A(ring) for the above flux (≈5%–10% of the bremsstrahlung emission), and varied linearly with DT neutron rate. Luminescence at 530 nm was 50% stronger, consistent with a Cerenkov radiation spectrum. Sensitivity to 3.5 MeV DD neutrons was ≈1/3 to 1/2 of that for DT neutrons. Fiber transmission decreased with the time integral of the neutron source rate and was reduced by 4% for the above flux. The fiber recovered rapidly: within 10 s, the transmission loss was only 2.5%. Shortly thereafter, the rate of recovery slowed to ≈0.05% per minute, but was sufficient to restore 75% of the transmission loss within two to four discharges. Recovery continued at ≈0.1% per hour and slowed overnight to ≈0.1% per day. Within the relative error of 〈0.2%, full transmission was recovered after five days. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  15. 15
    Durst, R. D. ; Denhartog, E. A. ; Fonck, R. J. ; Kim, J. S. ; Karzhavin, Y.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1995
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    A compact, portable, eight-channel, filter spectrometer has been designed for beam emission spectroscopy measurements of long-wavelength density fluctuations on TEXT-U and Phaedrus-T. The system uses radially elongated image volumes which maximize the étendue of the system while still resolving the dominant fluctuations (kr〈2 cm−1, kθ〈6 cm−1). Because of the vertical injection geometry of the TEXT-U diagnostic neutral beam, there is little Doppler shift of the beam emissions and thus a nonhydrogenic species must be used to distinguish between the beam and edge emissions. A He0 metastable beam has been found to provide good beam penetration with little contamination of the detected beam fluorescence by edge emission. A multistep excitation model is used to quantitatively interpret the fluctuations in the intensity of the He0 triplet (3P0–3D, 587.6 nm) as plasma density fluctuations. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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    Electronic Resource
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    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  16. 16
    Evensen, H. T. ; Durst, R. ; Fonck, R. J. ; Paul, S. F.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1995
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    A high-throughput, high-frequency charge exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostic (HF-CHERS) has been developed to give localized measurements of ion temperature and parallel velocity microturbulence (T˜i,v˜(parallel)) in the plasma core of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). HF-CHERS uses an interference filter spectrometer to measure intensity fluctuations simultaneously over several wavelength intervals of the line shape of the n=8–7 transition of C+5 (529 nm). T˜i and v˜(parallel) are deduced from the moments of the emitted line shape. Using the beam emission spectroscopy optics on TFTR, measurements are made with 1–2 μs time resolution and ≈2 cm spatial resolution. The initial implementation of the diagnostic is expected to be sensitive to temperature fluctuations of T˜/T≥1%. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  17. 17
    Durst, R. D. ; Phillips, P. E. ; Rowan, William L.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1988
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    Fuel pellets ablating in a hot, magnetically confined plasma generate cold, self-luminous filaments which seem to orient themselves along the local magnetic field direction. This distinctive ablation pattern has been used for local measurements of the q profile. In the Texas Experimental Tokamak (TEXT), this technique was investigated experimentally, and the results were compared to other q-profile measurements to examine limits of applicability. It is found that the technique may be applied only to limited regions of the plasma. Although the mechanism which causes the filaments to align along the magnetic field lines is not completely understood, comparisons between this technique and other techniques tend to support its use. Inclination angle profiles for the local magnetic field and q profiles obtained on TEXT by this technique are presented. The q profiles are compared with predictions based on various resistivity models, specifically classical, neoclassical, and q-clamped.
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    Electronic Resource
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    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  18. 18
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7666
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    Toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAE) were excited by the energetic neutral beam ions tangentially injected into plasmas at low magnetic field in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research (IAEA, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 51]. The injection velocities were comparable to the Alfvén speed. The modes were identified by measurements from Mirnov coils and beam emission spectroscopy (BES). TAE modes appear in bursts whose repetition rate increases with beam power. The neutron emission rate exhibits sawtoothlike behavior and the crashes always coincide with TAE bursts. This indicates ejection of fast ions from the plasma until these modes are stabilized. The dynamics of growth and stabilization were investigated at various plasma currents and magnetic fields. The results indicate that the instability can effectively clamp the number of energetic ions in the plasmas. The observed instability threshold is discussed in light of recent theories. In addition to these TAE modes, intermittent oscillations at three times the fundamental TAE frequency were observed by Mirnov coils, but no corresponding signal was found in BES. It appears that these high-frequency oscillations do not have a direct effect on the plasma neutron source strength.
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    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  19. 19
    Durst, R. D. ; Fonck, R. J. ; Wong, K. L. ; Cheng, C. Z. ; Fredrickson, E. D. ; Paul, S. F.

    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1992
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7666
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    Toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAE) have been excited by tangential neutral beam injection in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1990, Washington, D.C. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1990), Vol. I, p. 9]. Beam emission spectroscopy (BES) has been used to study the radial structure and the poloidal power spectra of these modes. Radial profiles show a global, standing wave structure with a node near r/a=0.6 and a maximum displacement of about 5–10 mm. The cross-phase profiles and the power spectra both imply that the mode is composed of a mixture of components with various poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, as expected for the TAE. Measurements of the poloidal mode spectrum via BES show good agreement with theoretical simulations performed by a nonvariational, kinetic magnetohydrodynamics stability code (nova−k [Cheng, Phys. Rep. 211, 1 (1992)]). In particular, the dominant harmonics in the poloidal spectrum obey the expected relation m+1/2≈q(r)n.
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    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  20. 20
    Durst, R. D.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1990
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    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    A tangentially viewing pinhole camera has been used to image the COMPASS-C plasma in the vacuum ultraviolet and soft x-ray spectral regions with framing rates up to 330 Hz. The PC-based system acquires up to 256 128×128 pixel images per shot and incorporates an array processor to allow on-line tomographic reconstructions. Data compression is used to reduce the data load by a factor of 4.
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    Electronic Resource
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    Articles: DFG German National Licenses