Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:R. Dave)

2018-03-06

BioMed Central

1472-6750

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

2018-09-05

The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

1078-0432

1557-3265

Medicine

2015-09-25

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

2011-11-19

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

book

1985

Methode ; Lehrmittel ; Unterrichtsmaterial ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Teilnehmer ; Alphabetisierung ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Erwachsener ; Kenia ; Nigeria ; Tansania

English

Literaturangaben

2018-02-09

BMJ Publishing Group

0017-5749

1468-3288

Medicine

Open access

2018-02-21

The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)

0022-1767

1550-6606

Medicine

1365-2494

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Electronic Resource

1365-246X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Geosciences

The spectrum of a high degree spherical harmonic model of the geomagnetic field is analysed to compute the constants for the core and crustal field contributions. Using a noise estimate of 0.091 nT2 at the mean Magsat radius of 6791 km, the power reduced to the Earth's surface is found to be 9.66 times 108 (0.286)n nT2 for the core, and 19.1 (0.996)n nT2 for the crust. These values show half the crustal power extrapolated to n = 0 compared with a previously published n = 23 model, and a white noise depth of only 14km below the mean surface. the core spectrum power is 30 per cent less than previously estimated and becomes flat 80 km below the core-mantle boundary. the crustal power level is an eighth of that of an estimate based on one-dimensional analyses of Project MAGNET survey lines. the point where the energy density of the core and crustal components become equal at the Earth's surface is n = 14.2.

Electronic Resource

1365-246X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Geosciences

We present a method for modelling the Earth's magnetic field to very high degree and order in terms of spherical harmonics. the method exploits the orthogonality of the spherical functions, using, in part, the method of Gauss-Legendre quadrature. This method is compared to a simpler quadrature method (Newton-Cotes). We show that the Gauss-Legendre technique is more accurate in most cases than Newton-Cotes quadrature, and in all cases, even where the two give about the same results, that the Gauss-Legendre method is more efficient in that it requires less data and hence less computation. the two quadrature methods are applied to sets of radial field data computed from an n= 29 model which simulate Magsat observations. the results are that direct integration of a complete global coverage of observations using Newton-Cotes produces errors in the spatial spectrum comparable to that of the geomagnetic field at n= 9, whereas Gauss-Legendre gives exact recovery. When 7° of polar region data are removed to simulate the Magsat orbit, both methods fail, although Gauss-Legendre gives somewhat less noisy results. However, when the analysis is performed on residuals to a field truncated at n= 15, both methods give comparable levels of noise. Simple interpolation of data over the pole is seen to reduce the errors significantly beyond n= 50. Addition of synthetic noise is seen to provide a means of evaluating the accuracy of coefficients derived from actual data. A theoretical relation is derived relating this noise and the altitude of observation to the resulting errors in the spatial spectrum.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

: Correlation and regression analyses of calcium concentration and rheological characteristics in Mozzarella cheese were studied. Part-skim and fat-free Mozzarella cheeses were manufactured on 4 separate occasions. Calcium concentration in both types of cheeses was manipulated at 4 different levels. Rheological characteristics such as melt area, softening, melting, and flow were studied on days 1, 7, 15, and 30. The results revealed that 57%, 52%, 66%, 74%, 67%, and 53% variation, respectively, in melt area, softening temperature, softening time, melting time, flow rate, and extent of flow could be explained as a function of calcium concentration of part-skim Mozzarella cheese. Calcium concentration explained 50%, 61%, and 43% variation, respectively, in melting time, flow rate and extent of flow, but poor correlation existed between calcium concentration and melt area, softening and melting time-temperatures of fat-free Mozzarella cheese. Calcium concentration, among all compositional parameters, was highly correlated with rheological characteristics of Mozzarella cheeses. Calcium concentration was also one of the major predictor variables in regression models, which were developed to decide the rheological characteristics of Mozzarella cheese. Based on the above correlation the cheese industry can develop a strategy to obtain specific characteristics in Mozzarella cheese for varied applications in the food systems.

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Although the Moon currently has no internally generated magnetic field, palaeomagnetic data, combined with radiometric ages of Apollo samples, provide evidence for such a magnetic field from ∼3.9 to 3.6 billion years (Gyr) ago, possibly owing to an ancient lunar dynamo. But the presence of ...

Electronic Resource

1572-946X

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract We examine the possibility that a substantial fraction of the total energy density in a spatially flat Universe is composed of a time-dependent and spatially inhomogeneous component whose equation-of-state differs from that of baryons, neutrinos, dark matter, or radiation. In this lecture, we report on our investigations of the case in which the additional energy component, dubbed "quintessence", is due to a dynamical scalar field evolving in a potential. We have computed the effects on the background cosmological evolution, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and mass power spectrum, finding a broad range of cosmologically viable models. We stress three important features of the quintessence or Q-component: the time evolution of the equation-of-state; the length-scale dependence of the speed of propagation of the fluctuations in the Q-component; and, the contribution of quintessence fluctuations to the CMB anisotropy spectrum.

Electronic Resource

0022-3980

Psychology

1432-2072

Caffeine ; Saliva ; Radioimmunoassay ; Neonate ; Behavior

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract A radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed for the quantification of caffeine in saliva. The mean salivary caffeine level for this sample of 40 full-term, AGA, healthy 1–2 day old human neonates was consistent with levels reported in previous studies. Salivary caffeine was significantly correlated with the number of state changes and startles observed during administration of the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale. There was also a nonsignificant trend correlating salivary caffeine with visual orienting and consolability.

Electronic Resource

1573-4935

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract Plasmid stability was studied in antibiotic-free chemo-stat cultures . Disruption, either by deletion or insertion, of the tetracycline resistance gene in the EcoRl/EcoRV region of the cloning vector pBR322 or in the HindIII]BamHl region of pACYCI84 yields plasmids markedly more stable than the parent plasmids. Thus, at least for these two instances, cloning of a partitioning (par) locus is not prerequisite for plasmid maintenance.

Electronic Resource

1432-0762

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Summary The ecological consequence of the effects of different social conditions on the behaviour of females with infants were examined in two different-sized groups of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) that inhabited adjacent home ranges in Gunung Leuser National Park in Indonesia. This study aims to test predictions of the “within-group competition/predation avoidance” hypothesis of social organization. Females, particularly those carrying an infant, are considered to experience the most direct effects of environmental constraints on fitness prospects. Data on maintenance behaviour, height in canopy and spatial position were collected for five mothers in a small group and eight mothers in a large group. Comparisons were made on the basis of group size and dominance rank. Mothers from the large group spent less time “feeding” on clumped fruits and more time “foraging” on dispersed food items. Lower-ranking mothers, undergoing the highest rate of within-group competition, foraged most. For macaques in the study area, predation risk is considered to decrease with height in the canopy. Mothers in the small group, assumed to be more susceptible to predation, remained substantially higher in the canopy than mothers in the large group. In both groups, mothers adjusted their height to their spatial position in the group. Lower-ranking mothers were more often found without neighbours, presumably to avoid feeding competition. As a result they stay higher in the canopy than higher-ranking mothers. The results clearly demonstrate that individual females in the same reproductive state and living in the same area, but in different social environments, adapted their behaviour according to the hypothesis.

Electronic Resource

1439-6327

Key words Energy cost of human locomotion ; Swimming ; Metabolic power ; Maximal oxygen uptake ; Lactate

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The energy cost per unit of distance (C s, kilojoules per metre) of the front-crawl, back, breast and butterfly strokes was assessed in 20 elite swimmers. At sub-maximal speeds (v), C s was measured dividing steady-state oxygen consumption (V˙O2) by the speed (v, metres per second). At supra-maximal v, C s was calculated by dividing the total metabolic energy (E, kilojoules) spent in covering 45.7, 91.4 and 182.9 m by the distance. E was obtained as: E = E an+V˙O2max t p−V˙O2max(1−e−( t p/)), where E an was the amount of energy (kilojoules) derived from anaerobic sources, V˙O2max litres per second was the maximal oxygen uptake, α (=20.9 kJ · l O2 −1) was the energy equivalent of O2, τ (24 s) was the time constant assumed for the attainment of V˙O2max at muscle level at the onset of exercise, and t p (seconds) was the performance time. The lactic acid component was assumed to increase exponentially with t p to an asymptotic value of 0.418 kJ · kg−1 of body mass for t p ≥ 120 s. The lactic acid component of E an was obtained from the net increase of lactate concentration after exercise (Δ[La]b) assuming that, when Δ[La]b = 1 mmol · l−1 the net amount of metabolic energy released by lactate formation was 0.069 kJ · kg−1. Over the entire range of v, front crawl was the least costly stroke. For example at 1 m · s−1, C s amounted, on average, to 0.70, 0.84, 0.82 and 0.124 kJ · m−1 in front crawl, backstroke, butterfly and breaststroke, respectively; at 1.5 m · s−1, C s was 1.23, 1.47, 1.55 and 1.87 kJ · m−1 in the four strokes, respectively. The C s was a continuous function of the speed in all of the four strokes. It increased exponentially in crawl and backstroke, whereas in butterfly C s attained a minimum at the two lowest v to increase exponentially at higher v. The C s in breaststroke was a linear function of the v, probably because of the considerable amount of energy spent in this stroke for accelerating the body during the pushing phase so as to compensate for the loss of v occurring in the non-propulsive phase.

Electronic Resource

1435-1803

Infarct size ; temperature ; hypothermia ; rabbit heart

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Previously, we observed that reducing myocardial temperature in the risk region before coronary artery occlusion caused a profound reduction in infarct size. It is unknown whether lowering myocardial temperature after ischemia has already begun, or just before reperfusion, is also effective in reducing infarct size. This study tests the hypothesis that reducing myocardial temperature locally, after coronary occlusion, reduces infarct size.Methods: Anesthetized rabbits received 30 min of coronary artery occlusion and three hours of reperfusion. Myocardial temperature in the risk zone was monitored. Rabbits were randomly assigned to one of three groups: group 1, topical myocardial cooling starting 10 min after coronary occlusion (n=11); group 2, cooling starting 25 min after coronary occlusion (n=11); or group 3, control, no intervention (n=10).Results: Hemodynamic parameters and regional myocardial blood flow were equivalent in all groups. Risk zone temperature was similar in all groups at occlusion. The cooling maneuver produced a rapid reduction in temperature in the risk region. In group 1, myocardial temperature was reduced an average of 6.3°C between 10 and 15 min of coronary artery occlusion; myocardial temperature in group 2 was reduced an average of 5.9°C between 25 and 30 min of coronary artery occlusion. Cooling was maintained until 15 min of reperfusion. Myocardial temperature in group 3 remained within 0.3°C of baseline during coronary artery occlusion and into reperfusion. Core temperature was similar in all groups. Although the ischemic risk region was comparable in all groups, early cooling (group 1) resulted in a significant reduction in infarct size, expressed as a fraction of the risk region, compared with the control group (0.23±0.04 vs. 0.44±0.04 of the risk region); however, cooling just before reperfusion (group 2) failed to modify infarct size compared with the controls (0.43±0.04 and 0.44±0.04 of the risk region, respectively).Conclusion: These results support our hypothesis that reducing myocardial temperature reduces infarct size. However, it is important the reduction in temperature be produced as early as possible following coronary artery occlusion.

Electronic Resource

1435-1803

Key words Infarct size – temperature – hypothermia – rabbit heart

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Previously, we observed that reducing myocardial temperature in the risk region before coronary artery occlusion caused a profound reduction in infarct size. It is unknown whether lowering myocardial temperature after ischemia has already begun, or just before reperfusion, is also effective in reducing infarct size. This study tests the hypothesis that reducing myocardial temperature locally, after coronary occlusion, reduces infarct size. Methods: Anesthetized rabbits received 30 min of coronary artery occlusion and tree hours of reperfusion. Myocardial temperature in the risk zone was monitored. Rabbits were randomly assigned to one of three groups: group 1, topical myocardial cooling starting 10 min after coronary occlusion (n = 11); group 2, cooling starting 25 min after coronary occlusion (n = 11); or group 3, control, no intervention (n = 10). Results:Hemodynamic parameters and regional myocardial blood flow were equivalent in all groups. Risk zone temperature was similar in all groups at occlusion. The cooling maneuver produced a rapit reduction in temperature in risk region In group 1, myocardial temperature was reduced an average of 6.3°C between 10 and 15 min of coronary artery occlusion; myocardial temperature in group 2 was reduced an average of 5.9°C between 25 and 30 min of coronary artery occlusion. Cooling was maintained until 15 min of reperfusion. Myocardial temperature in group 3 remained within 0.3°C of baseline during coronary artery occlusion and into reperfusion. Core temperature was similar in all groups. Although the ischemic risk region was comparable in all groups, early cooling (group 1) resulted in a significant reduction in infarct size, expressed as a fraction of the risk region, compared with the control group (0.23 ± 0.04 vs. 0.44 ± 0.04 of the risk region); however, cooling just before reperfusion (group 2) failed to modify infarct size compared with the controls (0.43 ± 0.04 and 0.44 ± 0.04 of the risk region, respectively). Conclusion:These results support our hypothesis that reducing myocardial temperature reduces infarct size. However, it is important the reduction in temperature be produced as early as possible following coronary artery occlusion.

Electronic Resource