Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:R. Amann)

2012-05-05

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Alphaproteobacteria/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Bacteroidetes/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Diatoms/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Eutrophication ; Gammaproteobacteria/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Glycoside Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Metagenome ; Microbial Interactions ; North Sea ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development/metabolism ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Sulfatases/genetics/metabolism

2011-08-13

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bivalvia/drug effects/metabolism/*microbiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; *Ecosystem ; *Energy Metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Gills/drug effects/metabolism/microbiology ; Hot Springs/*chemistry/microbiology ; Hydrogen/analysis/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Hydrogenase/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Partial Pressure ; Seawater/chemistry/microbiology ; Sulfides/metabolism ; Sulfur/metabolism ; Symbiosis/drug effects/genetics/*physiology

2012-08-04

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Actinobacteria/isolation & purification ; Arabidopsis/classification/*microbiology ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Bacteroidetes/isolation & purification ; Biodiversity ; Cell Wall/metabolism/microbiology ; Ecosystem ; Endophytes/classification/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification ; Host Specificity ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; *Metagenome ; Plant Cells/microbiology ; Plant Roots/*microbiology ; Proteobacteria/isolation & purification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Rhizosphere ; Ribotyping ; Soil/analysis/chemistry ; Soil Microbiology

1365-2044

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1749-6632

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Natural Sciences in General

The present findings have revealed a new aspect of how mechanisms of gastric mucosal resistance to injury are called into effect and are coordinated by the nervous system. Capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons in the stomach play a physiological role in monitoring acid influx into the superficial mucosa. Once activated, they strengthen gastric mucosal defense against deep injury, with a key process in this respect being an increase in blood flow through the gastric mucosa. This concept opens up completely new perspectives in the physiology and pathophysiology of the gastric mucosa if we consider that the long-term integrity of the gastric mucosa may be under the subtle control of acid-sensitive sensory neurons and that, vice versa, improper functioning of these neural control mechanisms may predispose to gastric ulcer disease.The present observations also indicate that some of the peptides contained in gastric sensory nerve endings might fulfill a transmitter or mediator role in controlling gastric mucosal blood flow and integrity. Whereas substance P and neurokinin A are unlikely to play a role in the regulation of gastric mucosal blood flow, there is severalfold evidence that CGRP is very important in this respect. This peptide, which in the rat gastric mucosa originates exclusively from spinal sensory neurons,2,4,27 is released upon stimulation of sensory nerve endings and is extremely potent in facilitating gastric mucosal blood flow and in protecting the mucosa from injurious factors. Selective ablation of spinal sensory neurons containing CGRP weakens the resistance of the gastric mucosa against acid injury, which is most likely due to inhibition of protective vasodilator reflexes. We now aim at providing direct pharmacological evidence that antagonism of endogenously released CGRP results in similar pathophysiological consequences as ablation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons.

Electronic Resource

1574-6968

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Abstract Microbial ecology has long been hampered by the fact that most microorganisms cannot be identified in situ because of the lack of morphological diversity. The immunofluorescence approach has yielded important insights into the spatial distribution of microorganisms but has its severe limitations. The recently introduced fluorescently labelled, ribosomal RNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes have successfully been applied for the detection and identification in situ of individual microbial cells and evade some of the principal problems of the fluorescent antibodies. The design and synthesis of these phylogenetically nested probes does not require cultivation and isolation of the target organism and can therefore be used to monitor the population distribution and dynamics of hitherto uncultured microorganisms.

Electronic Resource

1432-1440

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1432-1440

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Löslichkeit von Thrombin in Gegenwart von Heparin und Kochsalz, ferner das Verhalten von Heparin im Gemisch mit Thrombin bei der Papierchromatographie untersucht. Der Einfluß steigender Mengen von Protamin, 48/80 und Spermin auf die Gerinnungszeit im System von gereinigtem Fibrinogen und Thrombin wurde bestimmt. Dabei ergab sich: 1. Heparin und Thrombin bilden einen leicht dissoziablen Komplex. Es wird angenommen, daß Heparin auf Grund seiner starken negativen Ladung im System von Fibrinogen und Thrombin als kompetitiver Hemmkörper des Thrombins auftritt. 2. Protamin, 48/80 und Spermin hemmen in höheren Konzentrationen die Gerinnung von Fibrinogen durch Thrombin, wohl infolge Blockierung der für die Bildung des labilen Thrombin-Fibrinogenkomplexes notwendigen Carboxylgruppen des Fibrinogens. 3. Geringere Konzentrationen der organischen Basen, die noch nicht zur Blockierung des überwiegenden Teiles der Carboxylgruppen von Fibrinogen ausreichen, führen zu einer Aktivierung des Thrombins, vermutlich durch Neutralisation seiner elektronegativen Ladungen. Es wird angenommen, daß dadurch die Entstehung des für die Spaltung von Fibrinogen notwendigen Komplexes Thrombin-Fibrinogen begünstigt wird.

Electronic Resource

1432-1440

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Zusammenfassung An Hand von Fermentstudien, pharmakologischen Histaminbestimmungen, Papierchromatographie, Dialysierversuchen und Fällungsreaktionen wurde gezeigt: 1. Mastzellenreiche Gewebe besitzen keine oder keine nennenswerte Fähigkeit zur Bildung von Histamin aus Histidin. 2. Heparin vermag Histamin und andere Di- und Polyamine zu binden. Das in vitro ermittelte Bindungsverhältnis zwischen Heparin und Histamin entspricht größenordnungsmäßig dem Mengenverhältnis, in welchem Heparin und Histamin aus Geweben extrahierbar sind. 3. Di- und Polyamine lösen am frisch isolierten Meerschweinchendarm eine histaminartige Kontraktion aus, die auf eine Verdrängung des Histamins vom Heparin der Mastzellen der Darmmucosa zurückgeführt wird. Es wird der Schluß gezogen, daß das Histamin der Mastzellen und so der weitaus überwiegende Teil des Gewebshistamins als Heparinat vorliegt. Zusammenhänge unserer Befunde mit der Histamin-und Heparinausschüttung in vivo werden diskutiert.

Electronic Resource

1432-1912

Ureter ; Capsaicin ; Tachykinins ; Calcitonin generelated peptide

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary 1. Comparison of the tissue content of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactivity (IR) and tachykinin (TK)-IR in the rat and guinea-pig ureter showed that in the rat tissue levels of CGRP-IR were 33-fold higher than those of TK-IR. In the guinea-pig ureter, both peptides were present in nearly the same concentration. 2. The in-vitro release of neuropeptides from guinea-pig and rat ureters was investigated using capsaicin as a stimulus for afferent neurons. Capsaicin induced the simultaneous release of CGRP-1R and TK-IR from the guinea-pig ureter while in the rat only the release of CGRP-IR was detectable. 3. It is known that TK potently stimulate and CGRP inhibits ureteric smooth muscle contractions. When the effect of capsaicin on ureteric motility was investigated in guinea-pig and rat, only in the guinea-pig ureter a stimulatory action ascribable to capsaicin-induced TK release was observed thus supplementing the results obtained by radioimmunoassay. 4. The results show that considerable species differences exist concerning the ratio of CGRP and TK which is stored and released from ureteric afferent nerve terminals. As a consequence, different functional responses are obtained in both species upon stimulation of these neurons by capsaicin. In the rat ureter, the capsaicin-sensitive innervation seems to be only inhibitory while in the guinea-pig stimulatory and inhibitory transmitters are released. The physiological significance of the simultaneous release of transmitters with opposing effects needs further investigation.

Electronic Resource

1432-1904

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

1432-1912

Protein plasma extravasation ; NK1 receptor antagonist ; Thermal nociception

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract In anaesthetized rats, the neurokinin (NK)1 receptor antagonist SR140333 (10–1000 μg/kg) stereoselectively inhibited mustard oil-induced plasma protein extravasation in the dorsal skin of the hind paw. After s.c. administration of SR140333, inhibition of plasma protein extravasation was maximal 3 h after injection. A dose of 0.1 mg/kg i.v. or 1.0 mg/kg s.c. produced long-lasting inhibition which was still significant 24 h after treatment. Since systemic administration of SR140333 has been shown to inhibit nociceptive responses in anaesthetized rats, we wanted to evaluate a possible effect of SR140333 on chemo- and thermonociception in conscious rats. SR140333 (100 μg/kg s.c) did not reduce the behavioral response of rats to the irritant effect of capsaicin in the wiping test, nor did it affect the thermal nociceptive threshold in the plantar test. Furthermore, the decrease in thermal nociceptive threshold which was produced by intraplanter injection of PGE2, and which has been shown to be entirely dependent on capsaicin-sensitive afferents, was not affected by treatment with this NK1 receptor antagonist. These results show that systemic administration of SR140333, at doses which cause inhibition of neurogenic inflammation, has no detectable effect on acute chemo- or thermonociception in conscious rats.

Electronic Resource

1432-1912

Key words Protein plasma extravasation ; NK1 receptor antagonist ; Thermal nociception

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract  In anaesthetized rats, the neurokinin (NK)1 receptor antagonist SR140333 (10–1000 μg/kg) stereoselectively inhibited mustard oil-induced plasma protein extravasation in the dorsal skin of the hind paw. After s.c. administration of SR140333, inhibition of plasma protein extravasation was maximal 3 h after injection. A dose of 0.1 mg/kg i.v. or 1.0 mg/kg s.c. produced long-lasting inhibition which was still significant 24 h after treatment. Since systemic administration of SR140333 has been shown to inhibit nociceptive responses in anaesthetized rats, we wanted to evaluate a possible effect of SR140333 on chemo- and thermonociception in conscious rats. SR140333 (100 μg/kg s.c) did not reduce the behavioral response of rats to the irritant effect of capsaicin in the wiping test, nor did it affect the thermal nociceptive threshold in the plantar test. Furthermore, the decrease in thermal nociceptive threshold which was produced by intraplanter injection of PGE2, and which has been shown to be entirely dependent on capsaicin-sensitive afferents, was not affected by treatment with this NK1 receptor antagonist. These results show that systemic administration of SR140333, at doses which cause inhibition of neurogenic inflammation, has no detectable effect on acute chemo- or thermonociception in conscious rats.

Electronic Resource

1432-0584

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1432-069X

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

0048-7333

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Economics

Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science

Electronic Resource

0167-0115

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Medicine

Electronic Resource

0167-0115

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Medicine

Electronic Resource

0167-0115

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Medicine

Electronic Resource

0167-0115

Capsaicin ; Dose-effect relationship ; Neuropeptide release

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Medicine

Electronic Resource