Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:P. Munday)

2013-10-26

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

*Agriculture ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Decision Support Techniques ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Economic

2013-07-06

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

*Agriculture ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Decision Making ; *Decision Support Techniques ; *Ecosystem ; Great Britain ; Marketing ; *Models, Economic

1365-2133

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Involvement in pemphigus vulgaris of the female genital tract including the vulva, vagina and cervix has previously been described. In all these cases other cutaneous and mucosal sites have also been affected at some time. We describe a case of pemphigus vulgaris which only involved the vaginal mucosa. The patient presented with a persistent vaginal discharge and examination showed extensive vaginal erosions. Histology of vaginal biopsies was non-diagnostic. The recognition that the vaginal changes may represent an immunobullous disease led to further vaginal biopsies on which direct immunofluorescence studies were performed. These biopsies showed IgG and C3 in the intercellular epidermis, suggesting a diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris. During the 3-year period that the patient has been under review there have never been any other cutaneous or mucosal lesions. To our knowledge, this is the first case of pemphigus vulgaris localized exclusively to the vaginal mucosa. There was considerable delay in diagnosis and this case highlights how important it is to recognize that chronic mucosal lesions at genital sites may be caused by immunobullous diseases such as cicatricial pemphigoid and pemphigus, and to institute appropriate investigations.

Electronic Resource

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1468-3083

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

A European panel of physicians reviewed the current treatments and perceptions of recurrent genital herpes (GH) across the continent. The panel consisted of specialists in dermatology and venereology from France, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the UK. A wide variety of factors that influence GH management were considered, including different health delivery systems, funding and cultural differences. The poor awareness of GH among both the general public and physicians was highlighted. The effectiveness of GH management was then examined from a patient's viewpoint, including the confirmation of the diagnosis, information and counselling about GH, as well as prescriptions for treatment. It was agreed that both physicians and patients often feel uncomfortable about discussing the disease, and that a European-wide effort is needed to re-educate patients and physicians about GH. The panel identified clear and unmet needs to manage a patient with clinical recurrences and to attempt to reduce the risk of GH transmission. Finally, resiquimod, an immune response modifier, was considered as a potential treatment option for GH.

Electronic Resource

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Summary. The role of Chlamydia trachomatis, genital mycoplasmas, Campylobacter spp. and other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the aetiology of spontaneous abortion was investigated prospectively in 241 pregnant women at a community hospital. Sixteen women who had threatened abortions were a little younger, of lower social class and had had more previous spontaneous abortions than the 76 women who aborted or the 149 women whose pregnancies were not complicated in the early stages by haemorrhage. The demographic characteristics of the latter two groups of women were similar. C.trachomatis was isolated from the cervix of only one woman and she had no genital-tract bleeding at any stage in her pregnancy. Mycoplasma hominis was isolated most often from the women who had threatened abortions but otherwise the prevalence of the other various micro-organisms was similar in women who had spontaneous abortions, threatened abortions, and in those who had pregnancies uncomplicated by vaginal bleeding. It was clear, therefore, that C.trachomatis played no role in the aetiology of spontaneous abortion in the population studied and there was no suggestion that any of the other micro-organisms were involved either.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Toxic (Gobiodon spp.) and non-toxic (Paragobiodon xanthosomus) gobies became infected with external parasites (gnathiid isopods) at equal rates in a laboratory experiment. Parasites were evenly distributed over the body of P. xanthosomus but were mostly confined to the fins of Gobiodon spp., where toxin glands are less abundant. Skin toxins were not associated with the rate of infection but their distribution did appear to influence the site of parasite attachment.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Sex change in the coral-dwelling goby Gobiodon histrio was induced by placing two adult fish of the same sex on a coral colony. The sex change of individual fish was confirmed using histology, and whole-body concentrations of the gonadal steroids testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), and 17β-oestradiol (E2) were examined. The results show that T, 11-KT and E2 occurred in both female and male G. histrio. E2 concentration in females was twice that in males, while concentrations of T did not differ between the sexes. Contrary to predictions, concentrations of T and E2 did not differ between fish that changed sex and those that did not. Most samples had 11-KT concentrations below minimum levels of detection ( i.e. 〈0·15 ng ml−1) and were therefore not analysed statistically. The results suggest that: (i) specific activation or de-activation of the T–E2 (aromatase) pathway is a probable candidate for mediating serial adult sex change in G. histrio, and (ii) low levels of 11-KT may be important in allowing serial adult sex change in G. histrio.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

The efficacy of quinaldine, benzocaine, MS-222, 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil was compared for anaesthetizing settlement stage Pomacentrus amboinensis, a frequently studied coral reef fish. Induction to anaesthesia, behaviour during anaesthesia, recovery times and survival rates of fish treated with the different chemicals were compared. Clove oil was only marginally less effective than quinaldine and was more effective than other chemicals tested, except at high concentrations. In addition, fish exposed to clove oil exhibited a much calmer induction to anaesthesia than fish exposed to quinaldine. Therefore, clove oil may be an effective alternative to quinaldine as a fish anaesthetic. Recovery time after anaesthesia with clove oil was two to three times longer than recovery from other chemicals, a desirable charcteristic for use in field studies. Survival rates were excellent for all chemicals.

Electronic Resource

1432-1793

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract  We assessed the efficacy of tetracycline, calcein and strontium chloride for validating the periodicity of otolith growth-increments in eight species of tropical marine gobies (family Gobiidae). We compared the number of fishes in which the otoliths were successfully marked when each of these chemicals was administered by intraperitoneal injection or immersion bath at a range of doses and immersion times. All three chemicals could produce a detectable mark in the otoliths of five reef-flat gobies, Asterropteryx semipunctatus, Amblygobius bynoensis, Istigobius goldmanni, Valenciennea muralis and Amblygobius phalaena; however, tetracycline injection at 50 mg kg−1 is recommended because it produced a brighter otolith mark than calcein and is cheaper and quicker to detect than strontium chloride. Calcein immersion treatment of 125 mg l−1 for 24 h was the most successful treatment for two estuarine gobiids, Favonigobius reichei and Glossogobius biocellatus. No treatment produced a detectable mark in the otoliths of the coral-dwelling goby Gobiodon histrio. Adequate care in the preparation of otoliths was found to be essential for detection of the validation mark produced by tetracycline and calcein. Otolith growth-increments were deposited daily in the seven species of goby for which validation was possible.

Electronic Resource