Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:P. J. Anderson)

2011-03-26

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Cataract/congenital/*genetics/pathology ; Cell Line ; Chick Embryo ; Crystallins/genetics/metabolism ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Glaucoma/*genetics ; Humans ; Hypospadias/genetics ; Lens, Crystalline/embryology/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Organogenesis ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/*metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Spermatogenesis/genetics

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] P19 is a euploid (40:XY) embryonal carcinoma cell line derived from a teratocarcinoma induced in C3H/He strain mice6. For the experiments described below, we used P19S1801A1, a ouabain-resistant and 6-thioguanine-resistant subclone of PI9 isolated without mutagenesis. Suspensions of dispersed cells ...

Electronic Resource

1437-9813

Testicular appendage ; Orchidopexy

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Testicular appendages are important clinically when they undergo torsion, the peak incidence of this event occurring in early adolescence. The incidence of testicular appendages has previously been reported by Jones [2] and Rolnick et al. [3], but these series included cadavers of unstated age. This study prospectively examined live subjects for the presence of appendages at risk of subsequently developing torsion. Eighty-six consecutive patients undergoing elective orchidopexy had a total of 100 testes examined for the presence of an appendage; at least 1 was found to be present in 87% of cases. The risk of subsequent torsion of an appendage following orchidopexy is small, but we recommend that during orchidopexy a search for an appendage should be made, and if present and pedunculated, it should be excised electively. This can easily be achieved with minimal additional operating time and no morbidity.

Electronic Resource

0945-3245

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mathematics

Electronic Resource

1432-1041

Key words Cilazapril ; Caucasians ; Chinese; cilazaprilat ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; ACE inhibitor

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Abstract. Methods: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor cilazapril were studied in 12 Chinese and 13 Caucasian, healthy, normotensive volunteers on their normal diet. Cilazapril was given orally as a single 2.5 mg capsule. Plasma was sampled for assay of the active metabolite, cilazaprilat, plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone, angiotensin I (AI) and ACE-activity. Plasma concentrations of the active drug were measured by radioimmunoassay. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at regular intervals. Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters of cilazaprilat were similar in the two ethnic groups. No significant difference in plasma concentrations was found at any of the time points. However, the weight-adjusted plasma clearance was significantly higher in the Chinese group, which is compatible with their lower body weight. The effects on plasma hormones were also comparable, although there was a somewhat greater rise in PRA and greater fall in aldosterone levels in Chinese than in Caucasians. The effect of cilazapril on blood pressure and heart rate was greater than was previously reported in healthy volunteers. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were significantly reduced in both groups, but there was a more prolonged reduction in DBP in Caucasians. In addition, heart rate (HR) was significantly increased from baseline from 5 h onwards in Chinese subjects and significantly higher in comparison with Caucasians at most time points from 1.5 h onwards. The pharmacokinetic parameters of cilazapril were essentially the same in healthy, normotensive Chinese and Caucasians. Cilazapril reduced blood pressure acutely in both groups, with good tolerance. The inhibition of ACE in relationship to time and the plasma concentrations of cilazaprilat were similar in the two groups, although the changes in PRA and aldosterone suggest an ethnic difference in the responses of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Electronic Resource

1432-1041

Key words Paracetamol ; Renal failure; polar conjugates ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) ; pharmacokinetics

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Abstract Objective: A single oral dose of paracetamol (20 mg · kg−1) was given to 38 Chinese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who had either normal renal function or varying degrees of renal impairment, with creatinine clearances ranging from 4 to 123 ml · min−1 · 1.73 m−2. The plasma and urinary concentrations of paracetamol and its major metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The absorption and elimination of paracetamol were unaffected by renal impairment. However, the area under the plasma concentration time curve and the elimination half-life of paracetamol metabolites increased significantly with worsening renal insufficiency. Mean renal clearances of paracetamol and its conjugates were significantly reduced in these subjects. There was no evidence of altered metabolic activation with renal impairment. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that paracetamol disposition is minimally affected by diabetic nephropathy; however, extensive accumulation of conjugates may occur.

Electronic Resource

1432-1041

Key words Anticonvulsants ; Paracetamol; liver enzyme induction ; cytochrome P450 induction ; Chinese ; 6ß-hydroxycortisol

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Abstract Objective: Anticonvulsant drugs are known inducers of cytochrome P450 liver enzymes and it has been suggested that this induction increases susceptibility to paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: We measured the percentage urinary recovery of paracetamol and its metabolites after a dose of 20 mg kg−1, and the excretion of 6ß-hydroxycortisol as a ratio to urinary free cortisol(6ßOHF/F) in Chinese epileptic patients maintained on long term therapy with carbamazepine (n = 6) or phenytoin (n = 6). Results: Compared to the healthy controls (n = 20), patients on phenytoin had significantly lower recoveries of mercapturic acid, cysteine and sulphate metabolites, but a higher recovery of glucuronide metabolites of paracetamol. The recoveries of paracetamol metabolites in patients on carbamazepine were not different from controls. In contrast, the 6ßOHF/F was signi ficantly higher in patients on carbamazepine (3-fold) or phenytoin (2-fold) compared to controls. Healthy control Chinese subjects metabolised paracetamol in a similar way to that reported in Caucasians, indicating that the risk for hepatotoxicity would be the same. Our findings in a group of Chinese patients on phenytoin were also similar to those previously reported in Caucasians on this drug. The apparent differences in the pattern of isoenzyme induction between the groups on phenytoin and carbamazepine require verification in larger studies. The data do not suggest an increased risk of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Chinese patients on anticonvulsants.

Electronic Resource

1432-2161

Key words Crouzon syndrome ; Carpal fusion ; Craniosynostosis ; Hand anomaly

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract  Objective. To review the hand radiographs of patients with Crouzon syndrome, to look for extracranial manifestations of the condition at this site. Design. The hand radiographs of those with Crouzon syndrome attending the Craniofacial Service at Great Ormond Street between 1985 and 1996 were reviewed. Results. Thirty-three patients underwent a total of 34 radiographs, one patient having had a serial study. This revealed a range of minor anomalies. Most striking was the presence of carpal fusions in four cases, a feature which has not previously been reported. Conclusion. The hands of Crouzon syndrome may have anomalies including carpal fusions, and these results are evidence that the condition may produce subtle effects on the hands.

Electronic Resource

1433-0350

Key words Anomalous venous drainage ; Craniosynostosis

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The authors describe the clinical and radiological findings in a case of non-syndromic craniosynostosis affecting multiple sutures, in which the intracranial venous drainage was grossly anomalous. Investigation by magnetic resonance imaging and angiography revealed that almost all of the intracranial venous blood was draining from the dural sinuses transosseoussly via enlarged emissary veins to the external jugular veins and the vertebral veins. Although present, both internal jugular veins were small. This discovery represented a contraindication for the vault expansion surgery that had been recommended as treatment for the patient's raised intracranial pressure, and it has important implications for the management of all types of craniosynostosis.

Electronic Resource

1619-1560

tilting ; postural stress ; monitoring ; non-invasive ; blood pressure ; cardiac output ; impedance cardiography ; Finapres

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The haemodynamic effects of head-up tilt (HUT) at different tilt angles were investigated non-invasively in eight normal male subjects. Mean arterial pressure (MAP; by Ohmeda Finapres 2300), stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR; by BoMed NCCOM3-R7S) were continuously recorded whilst performing a series of HUTs (55°, 10°, 20°, 30° and 55°) lasting 3 min each. The response to HUT was proportional to the sine of the tilt angle. The magnitude of the response varied between subjects. HUT to 55° resulted in mean (95% confidence limits) increases in MAP by 16 (±16)% and HR by 11 (±24)% and a decrease in SV by −25 (±22)%. These results were repeatable after 30 min. At small tilt angles, i.e. ≤20°, MAP did not change and HR decreased by −3 (±4)%. A detailed analysis revealed immediate dynamic (0–30 s), late dynamic (30–90 s) and plateau (after 90 s) phases in the response to HUT. In conclusion, HUT produces reproducible haemodynamic effects, although differences exist among subjects. A detailed analysis of these effects can be successfully performed using non-invasive methods.

Electronic Resource

1572-9532

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract The evolution of a class of exact spatially homogeneous cosmological models of Bianchi type VI h is discussed. It is known that solutions of type VI h cannot approach isotropy asymptotically at large times. Indeed the present class of solutions become asymptotic to an anisotropic vacuum plane wave solution. Nevertheless, for these solutions the initial anisotropy can decay, leading to a stage of finite duration in which the model is close to isotropy. Depending on the choice of parameters in the solution, this quasi-isotropic stage can commence at the initial singularity, in which case the singularity is of the type known as “isotropic” or “Friedmann-like.” The existence of this quasi-isotropic stage implies that these models can be compatible in principle with the observed universe.

Electronic Resource