Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:P. B. Smith)
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1Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressM. J. Gelfand ; J. L. Raver ; L. Nishii ; L. M. Leslie ; J. Lun ; B. C. Lim ; L. Duan ; A. Almaliach ; S. Ang ; J. Arnadottir ; Z. Aycan ; K. Boehnke ; P. Boski ; R. Cabecinhas ; D. Chan ; J. Chhokar ; A. D'Amato ; M. Ferrer ; I. C. Fischlmayr ; R. Fischer ; M. Fulop ; J. Georgas ; E. S. Kashima ; Y. Kashima ; K. Kim ; A. Lempereur ; P. Marquez ; R. Othman ; B. Overlaet ; P. Panagiotopoulou ; K. Peltzer ; L. R. Perez-Florizno ; L. Ponomarenko ; A. Realo ; V. Schei ; M. Schmitt ; P. B. Smith ; N. Soomro ; E. Szabo ; N. Taveesin ; M. Toyama ; E. Van de Vliert ; N. Vohra ; C. Ward ; S. Yamaguchi
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published 2011Staff ViewPublication Date: 2011-05-28Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Print ISSN: 0036-8075Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyComputer ScienceMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Adult ; *Behavior ; *Cross-Cultural Comparison ; *Cultural Characteristics ; Female ; Government ; Humans ; Male ; Permissiveness ; Political Systems ; Population Density ; *Social Behavior ; *Social Conformity ; Social Control, Formal ; *Social Values ; Young AdultPublished by: -
2Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1477-9730Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, SurveyingNotes: The camera system used in this country for assessment of the interception of a target aircraft by a guided missile is described and its development recounted.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
3Articles: DFG German National LicensesWeinman, M. L. ; Smith, P. B. ; Mumford, D. M.
London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
Published 1992Staff ViewISSN: 0140-1971Topics: PsychologyURL: -
4Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1476-4687Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsNotes: [Auszug] SIR,-A "cylinder" of square cross section. So the Cambridge applied mathematicians and/or theoretical physicists1 have squared the circle or have they cibed the cylinder? This is a protest against the misuse of universally accepted terms. A cylinder is essentially circular and cannot have a square ...Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
5Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1436-2449Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyMechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision MechanicsPhysicsNotes: Summary An initiator for living free radical polymerization may be prepared by trapping the benzylic ethylbenzene radical with the stable 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy (TEMPO) radical. The adduct, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(1-phenethyloxy)piperidine (TMPEP), smoothly undergoes thermal fragmentation at temperatures approaching 140° C to afford an active carbon radical capable of initiating polymerization and a passive mediating nitroxyl radical to reversibly cap and preserve the propagating polymer chain.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
6Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1793Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Abstract A simple system of shadow cinematography, consisting of a small tungsten halogen lamp, 2 large biconvex lenses and a 16 mm camera, is described for recording the swimming and feeding behaviour of larval fish. The system can be used either with infra-red film to record swimming behaviour independently of ambient light intensity, or with high-resolution film to record food organisms and feeding behaviour. Small plankton organisms of 0.2 mm width can be resolved using high-resolution film. The technique has been used to record the behaviour of plaice larvae (Pleuronectes platessa L.) feeding on the nauplii of Artemia salina L. The perceptive field of the larvae extends to approximately ±60° in azimuth, ±40° in elevation and 1.5 body lengths in range.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
7Articles: DFG German National LicensesMcDonald, C. J. ; Smith, P. B. ; Roper, J. A. ; Lee, D. I. ; Galloway, J. G.
Springer
Published 1991Staff ViewISSN: 1435-1536Keywords: Latex ; structure ; NMR spectroscopy ; interpenetrating network ; NMR linewidthSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyMechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision MechanicsNotes: Abstract Polymer structure developed in latex particles has been investigated by measuring the temperature dependence of the carbon magnetic resonance (CMR) peak linewidths. Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) were formed by a continuous-addition emulsion polymerization process, in which a crosslinked seed particle was the site for formation of a linear second-stage polymer. Morphology was controlled by the level of crosslinking in the seed stage. The two polymers of the composite particle differ in their glass-transition temperatures by 100°C. By heating the particles to 50°C above the glass-transition temperature of the softer polymer, which formed the continuous network phase of this composite, it was possible to observe its CMR spectrum independently of the other polymer. The temperature dependence of the linewidth varied with the structure of the network. This was characterized by limiting linewidth behavior at both low and high temperature, which systematically varied as a function of the degree of mixing the two phases. Differential scanning calorimetry and electron microscopy corroborated the morphology change observed with the linewidth data. The influence of a diluent, present during formation of the network stage, was also examined with this CMR approach.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
8Articles: DFG German National LicensesSmith, P. B. ; Cutié, S. S. ; Henton, D. E. ; Powell, C. ; Kosman, J. ; Howell, B. A.
Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
Published 1997Staff ViewISSN: 0887-624XKeywords: allyl crosslinkers ; poly(acrylic acid) ; NMR ; superabsorbent ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials ScienceSource: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyNotes: Several new crosslinkers have been synthesized for evaluation in superabsorbent polymers. These crosslinkers are allyl endcapped polyethylene glycols (PEG) of 200, 600, and 3400 molecular weight. A branched polyethylene oxide of 600 molecular weight, initiated with glycerin, was also synthesized as a trifunctional crosslinker. The allyl functionality was chosen because it is less reactive during radical polymerization than acrylate crosslinkers, an attribute that was necessary to achieve a more uniform gel network. A synthesis route was devised to make the crosslinkers in high purity and yield. The purity of the crosslinkers was determined by 13C NMR, liquid chromatography, and size exclusion chromatography. Gels that were produced with the allyl crosslinkers gave excellent soluble polymer levels and swelling characteristics. The mechanism of incorporation of the allyl functionality was determined to be exclusively vinyl polymerization rather than through hydrogen abstraction. This was determined using NMR spectroscopy, monitoring the polymerization of a model system consisting of acrylic acid and allylacetate. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 799-806, 1997Additional Material: 4 Ill.Type of Medium: Electronic Resource -
9Articles: DFG German National LicensesCutié, S. S. ; Smith, P. B. ; Henton, D. E. ; Staples, T. L. ; Powell, C.
Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
Published 1997Staff ViewISSN: 0887-6266Keywords: poly(acrylic acid) gel ; polymerization kinetics ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; crosslinking ; superabsorbent ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials ScienceSource: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyPhysicsNotes: The kinetics of the isothermal polymerization of acrylic acid were determined utilizing 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The polymerization rate was observed to depend approximately on the \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{3}{2} $\end{document} power of monomer and the \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{1}{2} $\end{document} power of sodium persulfate concentration. This is consistent with a model in which the rate of initiation is itself dependent on the monomer concentration. The polymerization rate was also observed to have a strong dependence on percent neutralization, decreasing with increasing level of neutralization up to 75 to 100% neutralization, and then increasing again. The activation energy for the rate of polymerization was between 9 and 13 kcal/mol except for 100% neutralized acrylic acid, which had an activation energy of 18 kcal/mol. These data suggest that a transition in mechanism occurred at 100% neutralization. Increasing the ionic strength by the addition of sodium chloride also increased the rate. The dependence of the molecular weight on the above variables was also quantified for use in the model. It decreased with increasing conversion, decreasing ionic strength and increasing initiator. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2029-2047, 1997Additional Material: 17 Ill.Type of Medium: Electronic Resource -
10Articles: DFG German National LicensesDe Pooter, M. ; Smith, P. B. ; Dohrer, K. K. ; Bennett, K. F. ; Meadows, M. D. ; Smith, C. G. ; Schouwenaars, H. P. ; Geerards, R. A.
New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
Published 1991Staff ViewISSN: 0021-8995Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials ScienceSource: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyMechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision MechanicsPhysicsNotes: A comprehensive 13C-NMR method for the analysis of composition in the most common commercial polyethylene copolymers has been established. The method covers ethene copolymers with propene, butene-1, hexene-1, octene-1, and 4-methyl pentene-1 in the composition range of 1-10 mol %. The chemical shift assignments and T1 values of the resonances of the copolymers are presented. Results of precision studies and interlaboratory analyses showed that the molar composition could be determined with a relative precision at 2δ of about 6%. This method is being proposed to ASTM as Method X70-8605-2.Additional Material: 5 Ill.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
11Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0887-6266Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials ScienceSource: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyPhysicsNotes: 13C-NMR spectroscopy has been utilized to characterize Saran polymers containing polyene segments generated by incorporating phenylacetylene (PA) units into either poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDC) or a typical Saran copolymer of 91% vinylidene chloride (VDC) and 9% methyl acrylate (MA). The incorporation of PA could not be defined in the usual statistical way because the presence of the PA double bond in the polymer backbone appeared to cause the dehydrohalogenation of units next to it. Thus, sequences of PA next to VDC were not observed. Rather, sequences of olefinic units next to VDC units were present at a level equal to the level of PA incorporation. The level of unsaturation in the PA copolymers is approximately four times the level of PA incorporation. These observations are consistent with the random incorporation into the copolymer of PA which then initiates the dehydrohalogenation in adjacent VDC units. This dehydrohalogenation reaction appears to propagate from one unit to the next along the backbone of the polymer such that polyene segments containing the PA unit are formed.Additional Material: 6 Ill.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
12Articles: DFG German National LicensesWarner, Sandra L. ; Howell, Bob A. ; Smith, P. B. ; Dais, V. A. ; Priddy, D. B.
New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
Published 1992Staff ViewISSN: 0021-8995Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials ScienceSource: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyMechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision MechanicsPhysicsNotes: Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is one of the most important characterization tools of the polymer chemist. The coupling of GPC with ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy (GPC-UV) increases the power of the tool even further. This article describes the use of GPC-UV to determine the location of functional groups in polymers. This information is important for characterization of functionalized polymers being used as building blocks for making block and graft copolymers, and for the elucidation of polymer degradation mechanisms. The use of GPC-UV for quantitation of the level of functional groups is hampered by the inability to achieve complete conversion of some UV transparent functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl and carbonyl) to the uniquely absorbing derivative needed for the analysis. Attempts to quantitatively derivatize polymer-bound functional groups using conditions developed for model compounds failed. However, the use of GPC-UV to locate functional groups in polymers (pendant vs. chain-end) is clearly demonstrated.Additional Material: 6 Ill.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
13Articles: DFG German National LicensesKarpas, Z. ; Eiceman, G. A. ; Harden, C. S. ; Ewing, R. G. ; Smith, P. B. W.
Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
Published 1994Staff ViewISSN: 0030-493XKeywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and SpectroscopySource: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyNotes: Cluster size distribution and collision-induced dissociation (CID) studies of protonated methanol and protonated methanol - water clusters yield information on the structure and energetics of such ions. Ions were formed at atmospheric pressure in a corona discharge source, and were subjected to CID in the center quadrupole of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Cluster ions containing up to 13 molecules of methanol and/or water were observed and examined using CID experiments. The CID of all (CH3OH)n · H2O · H+ clusters, where n ≤ 8, showed that water loss was statistically favored over methanol loss and that the preferred dissociation channel involved loss of water with methanol molecules. These results support a model employing a chain of hydrogen-bonded solvent molecules rather than one in which fused rings of ligands surround a central hydronium ion. However, CID of larger clusters, where n ≥ 9, showed that loss of one methanol was equal to or less than loss of water, reflecting a change in structure.Additional Material: 11 Ill.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
14Articles: DFG German National LicensesHowell, B. A. ; Kelly-Rowley, A. M. ; Smith, P. B.
Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
Published 1989Staff ViewISSN: 0193-7197Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical EngineeringSource: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision MechanicsProcess Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition TechnologyNotes: Poly(vinylidene chloride) and copolymers which contain vinylidene chloride (VDC) as a major component undergo thermal degradative dehydrochlorination. Previous work has demonstrated that random double bonds introduced during polymerization/processing serve as the principal defect sites responsible for initiation of the dehydrochlorination reaction. However, residues from degradation of polymers of relatively high molecular weight tend to be crosslinked and relatively insoluble in most solvents. This prohibits the examination by instrumental techniques of these “products” of the degradation reaction. Low-molecular-weight model compounds prepared from appropriate multifunctional ketones or by telomerization of VDC monomer in carbon tetrachloride provide materials which upon degradation afford soluble residues which may be characterized by nmr spectroscopy. Initial results suggest that depolymerization/fragmentation can be a major degradation process for these materials.Additional Material: 3 Ill.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: