Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:Nowakowski)

2023-07-03

The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has catalyzed long-needed changes in accessibility and flexibility for work tasks. Disabled and chronically ill people have often experienced unprecedented inclusion during this time. As someone who is both disabled and chronically ill, I have experienced this firsthand. My work as a medical educator, public health program evaluator, and community advocate has been more accessible in recent months than at any prior time. As the pandemic escalated in early 2020, people readily embraced a “new normal” that would allow them to sustain their own livelihoods while staying as safe as possible. Yet even as Covid-19 cases increase sharply both locally and nationally with the spread of the Delta virus variant, many abled people from both my institution and others increasingly demand a return to pre-pandemic practices. The "normal" state for which abled individuals ardently long violates the basic human rights of disabled and chronically ill people. This desire for "normalcy" is fueled by false notions of the pandemic being over. It remains preferred by many for the sake of their own comfort-even though sustaining the inclusive approaches to collaboration introduced during the pandemic often requires little effort and offers advantages for abled people as well. This experiential piece describes ableist implications of seeking "post-pandemic" work environments-and how these constitute "generic processes" in the reproduction of ableism-using both oral history from the author and emerging literature from fellow scholars. In response, it recommends inclusive strategies for anti-ableist work collaboration that achieve justice in accessibility while fostering a welcome sense of normalcy for all.

Soziale Probleme und Sozialdienste ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Social problems and services ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Covid-19; accessibility; pandemic ; soziale Probleme ; Arbeitswelt ; Social Problems ; Working Conditions ; chronische Krankheit ; Behinderung ; Ungleichheit ; soziale Ungleichheit ; Gerechtigkeit ; Arbeit ; Arbeitsumgebung ; Auswirkung ; Arbeitsgestaltung ; Inklusion ; chronic illness ; disability ; inequality ; social inequality ; justice ; labor ; work environment ; impact ; job design ; inclusion

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

1089-7690

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Chemistry and Pharmacology

The Fokker–Planck equation for a thermalized ensemble of Brownian particles is exactly solved by a method of (nontruncated) moments, using the expansion of the velocity distribution in Hermite polynomial eigenfunctions. We explicitly studied only the cases of linear and quadratic external potentials bounded by a reflecting wall. The double Laplace transforms (with respect to position and time) of the moments of the velocity distribution were obtained from the generating function, which was found to be a functional only of the density of particles. The closed equation for the density can be derived for the thermalized system. The solution of this equation (obtained by means of a Laplace transform in time) is analyzed in the long and short time limits. The (truncated) moment solution for a nonthermalized problem is also discussed. In the long time limit, the solutions for both thermalized and nonthermalized systems approach the Smoluchowski diffusive approximation.

Electronic Resource

1089-7690

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Chemistry and Pharmacology

A theory of homogeneous nucleation in gases is developed, based on independently obtained expressions for the rates of evaporation from and condensation on the clusters. The rate of evaporation was calculated using a diffusion equation in the energy space, derived from the three-dimensional Fokker–Planck equation averaged with respect to the distribution of the angular variables. The obtained rates of nucleation are compared with those obtained previously by the authors on the basis of a diffusion equation in the energy space and a unidimensional Fokker–Planck equation, as well as with the predictions of the classical theory. The present approach predicts rates of nucleation which are closer to the classical theory than those provided by the former approaches. Nevertheless, the difference between the present approach and the classical result is significant for small clusters, i.e., for high supersaturations.

Electronic Resource

1089-7690

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Chemistry and Pharmacology

A theory of nucleation in gases is developed in which the rate of evaporation of the molecules from the cluster is calculated on the basis of a diffusion equation in the energy space. In contrast to the classical theory of nucleation, the theory does not employ macroscopic thermodynamics. Numerical calculations were performed by assuming an intermolecular potential which combines the dispersive attraction with the rigid core repulsion. The predictions of the theory are consistent with the classical theory in the limit of small supersaturations, i.e., for large critical clusters. For small critical clusters the present theory provides much higher rates of nucleation than the classical one. This difference can be attributed to the use of the macroscopic surface tension in the classical theory, which overpredicts the surface energy of small clusters, and consequently provides lower values for the nucleation rate. The theoretical results are compared with experimental data for nucleation of supersaturated vapors of lower alcohols carried in argon.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The onset of spin glass freezing in dilute Ising systems with long range interactions is investigated within the framework of a random local field approach (previously developed for disordered ferromagnets and ferroelectrics) with the use of numerical simulations. The problem reduces to the diagonalization of an N×N random matrix, N being the number of spins in the simulation, whose elements depend on the spin–spin interaction and temperature. We identify the onset of spin glass freezing with the temperature at which this boundary eigenvalue separating localized and extended states is equal to one. Numerical simulations give a reasonable value of the freezing temperature for dilute RKKY spin glasses and reproduce its linear concentration dependence in agreement with the scaling relation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7623

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

A novel in situ sample cleavage technique has been developed for fabricating specimens for cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy applications. This technique can be easily adapted to any ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope that has coarse motion and tip ex- change capabilities. A 90° bent diamond tip attached to a tip holder is used to make micron long scratches on GaAs(001) surfaces along a 〈110〉 direction. The sample is then fractured and the cross-sectional surface is scanned in the conventional way. Atomic resolution images of {110}-type GaAs surfaces are readily and reproducibly obtained. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7690

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Simultaneous diffusion and chemical reaction of a trace gas is studied by means of the Boltzmann–Lorentz kinetic equation. It is assumed that the reaction term is relatively small and can be treated as a perturbation. The procedure is outlined applying the Resibois method for derivation of corrections to the classical result for the diffusion coefficient, as well as to the reaction rate constant. The effect of chemical reaction on diffusion is calculated for the model of hard spheres reacting chemically with a finite activation energy. This influence can be appreciable if the molecular masses of the diffusing gas and the carrier gas are disparate.

Electronic Resource

1467-9639

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Mathematics

Electronic Resource

1089-7690

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Two Monte Carlo methods are used to simulate a dynamics of molecules of a foreign gas A, highly diluted in a carrier gas C. Diffusion in the presence of bimolecular reaction A+C→products is studied. Nonequilibrium corrections to the reaction rate constant and diffusion coefficient are calculated for a wide range of molecular mass ratio mA/mC and activation energies of the reaction. Some differences between simulation results of the two methods are observed. The deviation of the velocity distribution from the Maxwellian form is quantified by means of the fourth order cumulants. The nonequilibrium effects are most significant in the Lorentz range, that is for mA(very-much-less-than)mC. The simulation results prove that the theoretical predictions based on a perturbative solution of the Boltzmann equation are valid for not too small values of mA/mC, but are not correct in the Lorentz range. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7690

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Chemistry and Pharmacology

The Boltzmann equation for reacting and diffusing components of binary mixture is solved by means of the perturbative Chapman–Enskog method. It is assumed that all molecules have identical mechanical properties and the system is in mechanical equilibrium. Typical reaction schemes consisting of bimolecular processes only are considered. Corrections of two orders to the distribution functions perturbed by the chemical reactions are calculated. The first-order correction gives a modification of the reaction rate in the reaction-diffusion equation for concentrations. The correction to the diffusion coefficient is obtained in the second-order approximation. Moreover, the solution at this order yields a term proportional to the square of the concentration gradient. These corrections are calculated for the molecular model of reactive hard spheres. For low activation energies the magnitude of the relative correction to the diffusion coefficient can be larger than that to the reaction rate. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1460-9568

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Secretoneurin is a recently described peptide derived by endoproteolytic processing from secretogranin II, previously named chromogranin C. In this study, we have investigated the distribution of secretoneurin-like immunoreactivity in the human hippocampus in controls and in Alzheimer's disease patients, and compared the staining pattern to that of calretinin. Secretoneurin-like immunoreactivity is present throughout the hippocampal formation. At the border of the dentate molecular layer and the granule cell layer, a band of dense secretoneurin immunostaining appeared. In this part, as in the area of the CA2 sector, the high density of secretoneurin-immunoreactivity coincided with calretinin-like immunoreactivity. The mossy fibre system displayed a moderate density of secretoneurin-immunoreactivity. In the entorhinal cortex, a particularly high density of secretoneurin-immunoreactivity was observed. The density of secretoneurin-like immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in the innermost part of the molecular layer and in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in Alzheimer's disease. For calretinin-like immunoreactivity, a less pronounced decrease was found in the innermost part of the molecular layer. About 40–60% of neuritic plaques were secretoneurin-immunopositive.This study shows that secretoneurin is distinctly distributed in the human hippocampus and that significant changes of secretoneurin-like immunoreactivity occur in Alzheimer's disease, reflecting synaptic loss.

Electronic Resource

1600-0625

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Abstract:  Blood platelet significance in inflammation is recognized but poorly characterized in urticaria. It is known that platelets are activated during inflammatory processes and are involved in modulating inflammatory and immune response via various mediator release. The aim of our study was to investigate the functional state of platelets, expressed by release reaction of C-X-C chemokines such as platelet factor 4 (PF-4) and β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) in chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). Plasma levels of PF-4 and β-TG, which are established markers of in vivo platelet activation and which play important role in inflammatory processes, were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 19 patients with CIU and in 25 healthy subjects. Mean plasma PF-4 level in CIU patients and control subjects was 5.01 ± 1.67 and 4.13 ± 2.05 IU/ml, respectively, whereas that for β-TG was 29.3 ± 14.0 and 25.2 ± 12.6 IU/ml, respectively. In our small study, there have been no significant differences found between the members of the control and CIU group regarding plasma levels of PF-4 and β-TG. Further studies should be performed to elucidate whether any systemic platelet activation occurs in CIU.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Moisture sorption into sugar glasses led to significant changes in the physico-chemical properties. Increased moisture content reduced the glass transition temperature, Tg, although the effect was dependent on type of corn syrup. In general, higher corn syrup content and addition of a high-maltose corn syrup resulted in slightly higher Tg for a given moisture content. Higher corn syrup concentration increased hardness, but also resulted in increased stickiness. Stickiness increased as a function of moisture until a maximum was reached, whereupon further moisture sorption reduced stickiness. A maximum in stickiness occurred when Tg values were still above room temperature, indicating that surface moisture was considerably higher than bulk moisture content.

Electronic Resource

0191-491X

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Education

Electronic Resource

0022-0094

History

Political Science

Urbanism

0005-2736

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Physics

Electronic Resource

0191-491X

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Education

Electronic Resource

0149-7189

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Medicine

Psychology

Sociology

Electronic Resource

0021-9673

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Electronic Resource

0039-6028

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Physics

Electronic Resource