Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:N. Cox)

2018-01-03

The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

0022-538X

1098-5514

Medicine

2014-08-16

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Cyanobacteria/*chemistry/metabolism ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Manganese/chemistry ; Models, Chemical ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*chemistry/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Photosystem II Protein Complex/*chemistry/metabolism ; Physicochemical Processes ; Water/chemistry

2018-03-16

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Geosciences

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Genetics

1365-2230

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1365-2230

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Summary  Although Becker's naevus is most common in males, cases with associated lipoatrophy are more frequently reported in women. Two women are described in whom Becker's naevus of the thigh was associated with localized lipoatrophy. Neither had any bony abnormality or functional deficit.

Electronic Resource

1365-2230

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

We describe four patients in whom porokeratosis coexisted with lympoedema of the legs. A possible pathogenetic link between the two disorders is discussed, as well as the therapeutic implications and the novel physical sign of lymphoedema bulging through the porokeratotic lesions.

Electronic Resource

1365-2230

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

We describe a patient with a large nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC), which was excised following apparent failure to respond to radiotherapy. Histological examination of the fully excised lesion demonstrated a solid mass of amyloid, which stained positively for cytokeratins, but there was no residual BCC.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Thin (11.4 nm) gate quality silicon dioxide films were subjected to high-temperature (850–1150 °C) rapid thermal nitridation cycles in ultrapure ammonia. Secondary-ion mass spectroscopy and neutron depth profiling results indicate a significant level of nitrogen diffusion into the silicon substrate. After stripping the dielectric layers, Schottky diode studies were performed using an electrolyte-based technique. We found, for the first time, the formation of nitridation-induced ultrathin (less than 60 nm) n-type layers at the top surface of nominally p-type silicon substrates used in the study. A nitrogen-oxygen donor complex formation mechanism is invoked to explain the presence of the ultrathin n-type layers.

Electronic Resource

1365-2826

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Habituation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to chronic intermittent restraint stress (30 min/day for 15 days) and the cross-sensitization to a heterotypic stress [i.p. lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] were investigated in intact male Sprague Dawley rats, and in rats bearing quinolinic acid lesions to the medial anterior bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) or anterior region of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT). In intact animals, a single period of restraint increased plasma corticosterone levels at 30 min and led to an increase in corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA levels in the PVN at 3 h. LPS had a smaller effect on corticosterone and more variable effect on CRH mRNA. Chronic intermittent restraint stress caused a decrease in body weight and increase in adrenal weights, with concomitant increase in basal corticosterone levels. These animals also displayed marked habituation of the corticosterone and CRH mRNA responses to the homotypic stress of restraint, but no loss of the corticosterone response to the heterotypic stress of LPS and a cross-sensitization of the CRH mRNA response. This pattern of stress responses in control and chronically stressed animals was not significantly affected by lesions to the PVT or BST, two areas which have been implicated in the coping response to stress. Thus, these data provide evidence for independent adaptive mechanisms regulating HPA responses to psychological and immune stressors, but suggest that neither the medial anterior BST nor the anterior PVT participate in the mechanisms of habituation or cross-sensitization.

Electronic Resource

1365-2230

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Summary This review describes the current status of prescribing by nurses and other nonmedical staff in the UK with particular emphasis on issues affecting secondary care dermatology departments. We discuss background issues of how the process has evolved, the requirement for this initiative and its assessment, the terminology applied to different groups of prescribers, and training issues.

Electronic Resource

1365-2133

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

To investigate lower leg wound healing after treatment of skin tumours, the results of external beam radiotherapy were assessed for 141 lesions in 91 patients. Poor healing or failure to heal occurred in 33%, and was related to the age of the patients, the diameter of the radiotherapy field, and the dose and energy of radiotherapy used. No effect, of fractionation on healing was apparent, but only 14% of patients were exposed to regimens with a nominal standard dose of over 1800 rets. Age 〉 90 years, field diameter 〉 4 cm and dose 〉 3000 cGy were all associated with a risk of impaired healing of over 50%.The most frequent single diagnosis (59 lesions) in the radiotherapy patients was Bowen's disease. The results of wound healing in these patients were compared with the results of cryotherapy to 82 lower leg Bowen's disease lesions in 49 dermatology patients. Only 2% of the cryotherapy lesions failed to heal compared with 20% of the radiotherapy wounds, although 6% of cryotherapy cases had local recurrence compared with none in the radiotherapy group. Serial overlapping cryotherapy fields of up to 2 cm diameter were shown to be a valid treatment option for Bowen's disease, as no patients had therapy-related failure to heal.To avoid the requirement for potentially more difficult post-radiotherapy salvage surgery, intra- epidermal non-invasive skin tumours 〉4 cm in diameter on the lower leg are probably initially best treated by a primary surgical procedure or by staged cryotherapy. Invasive carcinoma of 〉4cm diameter is best treated by surgical excision. Invasive tumours 〈 2cm in diameter are suitable for excision or radiotherapy, but tumours of 2-4 cm diameter may not heal after radiotherapy.

Electronic Resource

1365-2133

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Several studies of Bowen's disease suggest that most lesions occur on the head and neck, a finding which does not concur with observations in clinical practice in the U.K. In order to test the hypothesis that this reported distribution is due to an increased tendency of physicians to submit lesions of Bowen's disease occurring at these sites for histopathological examination, in comparison with lesions at other body sites, 52 cases of Bowen's disease identified from out-patient clinic diagnostic records were compared with 56 cases derived from pathology records. In both groups, the majority of lesions were on the lower leg; a greater number in the clinical cases group (45/52; 87%) than in the pathology cases (26/56; 46%). The lower leg lesions were almost exclusively in women (96% of lower leg lesions occurred in women in each group). The pathology group contained more men (29%) than the clinical group (12%), and also more upper limb lesions (23% compared with 8% in the clinical group). There was no evidence that these differences were due to incorrect clinical diagnosis, and the likely explanation is that lesions diagnosed as Bowen's disease in men, or at sites other than the lower leg, are more likely to be biopsied than clinically typical lesions on the female lower leg. This type of bias is likely to affect larger series in which only biopsied cases are included, and may explain the discrepancy between observations reported in previous publications and the situation in routine clinical practice.

Electronic Resource

1365-2303

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

SHIELD P. W. AND COX N. C. (1998) Cytopathology9, 84–92The sensitivity of rapid (partial) review of cervical smearsRapid review involves a daily rapid (e.g. 30 s) review of all smears not normally double-screened. It has been suggested that the method may increase the sensitivity of cervical cytology by identifying abnormalities not reported on initial screening, true false negatives (TFN). Rapid screening is reported to have high sensitivity for cervical neoplasia when used as a preview tool. To be effective, however, in a review mode it must be able to detect TFN. Several studies have found that many TFN result from factors such as low numbers of abnormal cells or subtle expression of diagnostic criteria. Studies on the sensitivity of rapid screening for detecting TFN would therefore provide a more reliable estimate of its value as a review tool. The sensitivity of rapid re-screening was evaluated using a test set of 200 cases. Each of 15 screeners rapidly reviewed (30 s partial screen) the set over a 2-week period. The set consisted of 129 normal, 28 low-grade squamous lesions (CIN I), 37 high-grade lesions (CIN II, III and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)) and six invasive carcinomas. The abnormals included 20 TFN cases. The median sensitivity for abnormalities was 62%. Rapid review was more sensitive for CIN II and CIN III (67%) and invasive carcinoma (66.7%) than for CIN I (53%). Great variation was apparent in the sensitivity for individual screeners, with a range of 41–86% for all abnormalities. The sensitivity for TFN cases varied even more (10–75%, median 35%) and for most screeners was significantly (P 〈 0.05) lower than for cases which were detected on initial screen (53–90%, median 70.6%). Following this trial rapid review was used routinely for a period of 3 months. In this time 11 413 cases were rapidly reviewed. This led to the full review of 415 slides (3.5%) and the identification of 16 cases of undetected CIN (12 CIN I, three CIN II, one CIN III). Based on current estimates of our laboratory false-negative rate this represents between a quarter and half of the TFN cases of CIN that probably occurred in this period. In conclusion, rapid screening is likely to be significantly less sensitive when used in a review rather than a preview mode. In routine practice the method requires a daily commitment of screener time, but does provide a higher yield of TFN smears than does random review, and allows amendment of these results prior to reporting.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

The enteric pathogen screen (EPS) card designed for use with the Vitek Auto Microbic System (AMS) was evaluated with stock cultures and fresh isolates from ground beef, pork sausage, chicken and turkey to determine its effectiveness as a screen for Salmonella, Yersinia enterocolitica and Shigella. Each isolate was concurrently tested with the Micro-ID test strip and the AMS Gram negative identification card to confirm its identification. The EPS accurately classified 115 of 125 (92%) of the stock cultures and 207 of 212 (97%) of the fresh food isolates. The EPS gives a rapid presumptive screen at a relatively low cost and as such is a viable alternative to conventional procedures.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Samples of spring and fall harvested collards were obtained at critical stages in a normal harvesting, transportation and cryogenic processing operation and microbiologically analyzed for total plate counts, En-terobacreriaceae counts, and yeasts and molds. Operations that involved extended holding times and mechanical handling tended to increase all counts significantly while blanching and blast freezing with liquid N2 reduced counts to acceptable levels. Differences were significant in all counts by sampling points and dates. Prominant genera of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the frozen product were those normally associated with soil contamination and not normally considered pathogenic to humans.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Samples of southern peas [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., cv. Purple Hull Pinkeye] were obtained at critical stages in a normal harvesting, transportation, and cryogenic processing operation and microbiologically analyzed for total plate count (TPC), Enterobacteriaceae count (ENT), and yeast and mold counts. Molds were identified to genera while ENT were identified to species. Operations involving extended holding times tended to increase all counts significantly, although subsequent processing reduced these counts to an acceptable level. Predominant genera of ENT and molds appeared to be soil borne organisms such as Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsella pneumoniae, and Serratia liquefaciens, and Fusarium, Cladisporium, Alternaria, Phoma, and Aspergillus, respectively.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Broiler chicken carcasses were inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium (180–360,000 cells per carcass), then, in a simulated commercial chilling process, were prechilled at 18°C in water containing glutaraldehyde. On broilers that had been prechilled for 30 min in 0.5% glutaraldehyde (pH 8.6), then chilled in slush ice for 20 min, salmonellae were eliminated when the inoculum level per carcass was 250 cells, but not when the level was 360,000 cells. Transfer of salmonellae from inoculated to uninoculated carcasses (cross contamination) was prevented by glutaraldehyde at 0.01% or more in the prechill water, when the inoculum level was 200–300 cells per carcass. It was not prevented when the level was 360.000 cells per carcass. A lo-min urechill in 0.5% alutaraldehvde (pH 8.6) extended- carcass shelf-life at 2°C about 6 days beyond that of controls.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Crayfish tails were collected from two commercial peeling plants in South Louisiana and stored at 0° and 5°C. Initially and after various periods of storage, bacteria were isolated from the peeled tails, identified generically and subsequently classified on the basis of their ability to produce “spoilage” in sterile crayfish tail flesh. Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Alcaligenes and Achromobacter were the predominant genera in the fresh samples of tails. Achromobacter predominated during early storage and Pseudomonas and Achromobacter were the dominating organisms in the spoiled tails. Of the 280 isolated bacteria, 22.1% were classified as “rapid spoilers,” 16.4% were “slow spoilers” and 61.5% were “nonspoilers.” Most of the spoilers were Pseudomonas, while an appreciable number belonged to Achromobacter.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Electronic Resource