Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:M. Valentini)

2011-12-14

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Online

2005

Erfolgskontrolle ; Reformpolitik ; Beschäftigungseffekt ; Arbeitsloser ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Qualifizierungsmaßnahme ; Regionaler Arbeitsmarkt ; Befristeter Arbeitsvertrag ; Einstellungszuschuss ; On-the-Job-Training ; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ; Bekämpfung ; Jugendlicher ; Junger Erwachsener ; Italien

English

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

With increasing rf power, the electron concentration in the plasma of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources is decreasing in comparison to the ion concentration, so that the plasma is charging up positively. When reviewing the basic performance requirements of ECR sources it becomes evident that the direct injection of electrons into the ECR plasma is increasing the electron charge density and the ion current yield. Ferroelectric ceramics was used as very robust, electron emitting cathode material under the heavy-duty conditions inside the plasma chamber of an ECR ion source. The electron emission from the ferroelectric cathode is turned on by a high repetition-rate bipolar pulse of ±1.2 to 1.6 kV amplitude to the electrodes deposited on both sides of the disk-shaped cathode. Lead–barium–zirconium-titanate (30/70/30) cathodes doped with 2 mol % Bi2O3 were installed and tested in the Ar–ion plasma of the ECR ion source CAESAR at INFN-LNS, Catania. The aim was to visibly increase the yield of the ion output current by electron injection. The plasma was heated by rf in continuous mode, while the ferroelectric cathode was pulsed at a repetition rate of 50 to 250 Hz. Pulsed electron injection at 250 Hz led to a noticeable increase of 30% of the Ar8+ output current at a rf power level of 400 W. In addition, magnetohydrodynamic instabilities were damped during and after electron injection. These results strongly encourage further research and development on the application of ferroelectric cathodes for increasing the ion current yield from hot plasma ion sources. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1749-6632

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

0001-9593

Linguistics and Literary Studies

History

MISCELLANEA

1365-2036

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background: Pantoprazole is a new substituted benzimidazole which inhibits gastric H+,K+-ATPase. Methods: In this double-blind, multicentre study, pantoprazole 40 mg once daily was compared with omeprazole 20 mg once daily in the treatment of grade II and III (Savary–Miller) reflux oesophagitis. Endoscopy was repeated after 4 weeks of treatment, and also after 8 weeks in patients unhealed at 4 weeks. Results: The primary efficacy variable was ulcer healing; after 4 weeks, 81/103 (78.6%) patients in the pantoprazole group and 83/105 (79.0%) patients in the omeprazole group had healed completely. After 8 weeks, the cumulative healing rates were 94.2% and 91.4 % in the pantoprazole and omeprazole groups, respectively (P 〉 0.05 at 4 weeks and 8 weeks). Both groups experienced rapid relief of the key symptoms: heartburn, acid regurgitation and pain on swallowing. The time course of relief of the individual symptoms was similar in both groups after 2 and 4 weeks (P 〉 0.05). Both treatments were well tolerated, with only three patients withdrawing owing to adverse events. Conclusion: Pantoprazole has been shown to be as effective as omeprazole in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis.

Electronic Resource

0020-708X

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Physics

Electronic Resource

1569-8041

adjuvant ; chemotherapy ; gastric cancer ; meta-analysis ; randomised clinical trial

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Background:Several studies have investigated the possible roleof the adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection for gastric cancerfailing to show a clear indication; previous meta-analyses suggested smallsurvival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy, but the statistical methods usedwere open to criticisms. Materials and methods:Randomised trials were identified by meansof Medline and CancerLit and by selecting references from relevant articles.Systematic review of all randomised clinical trials of adjuvant chemotherapyfor gastric cancer compared with surgery alone, published before January 2000,were considered. Pooling of data was performed using the fixed effect model.Death for any cause was the study endpoint. The hazard ratio and its95% confidence intervals (95% CI), derived according to themethod of Parmar, were the statistics chosen for summarising the relativebenefit of chemotherapyversuscontrol. Results:Overall 20 articles (21 comparisons) were considered foranalysis. Three studies used single agent chemotherapy, seven combination of5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with anthracyclin, ten combination of 5-FU withoutanthracyclines. Information on 3658 patients, 2180 deaths, was collected. Chemotherapy reduced the risk of death by 18% (hazard ratio 0.82,95% CI: 0.75–0.89, P 〈 0.001). Association ofAnthracyclines to 5-FU did not show a statistically significant improvementwhen compared with the effect of the other regimens. Conclusions:Chemotherapy produces a small survival benefit inpatients with curatively resected gastric cancer. However, taking into accountthe limitations of literature based meta-analyses, adjuvant chemotherapy isstill to be considered as an investigational approach.

Electronic Resource

1432-0649

PACS: 42.68.Wt; 94.10.Gb

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

A,355 and RA,532); the two data sets appearing to be highly correlated. LITE vs. Potenza LIDAR measurements of RA,355 and RA,532 display a correlation coefficient of 0.72 and 0.86, respectively. Stratospheric aerosol dimensional characteristics are determined starting from the measured values of the Ångstrom coefficient.

Electronic Resource

1569-8041

early breast cancer ; hormone treatment ; questionnaire ; survey ; tamoxifen

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Background: Institutional and physician-related factors can influence the way in which physicians interpret research results. The aim of this study was to determine what physicians know about, and their opinions of, hormone treatment in breast cancer patients, and the factors comprising their medical decision-making. Materials and methods: A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of physicians inquiring as to their preferences with respect to adjuvant tamoxifen, and the usual duration of the treatment applied in various clinical scenarios (according to a woman's menopausal status, the oestrogen receptor status and the stage of disease). Results: Of 500 physicians identified, 38% returned the questionnaire. Of the non-responders, a random sample of 60 physicians was interviewed by phone. The total number of available questionnaires was 250 (50%). About 3/4 of the doctors would prescribe tamoxifen in older ER+ women and 30%–40% in post-menopausal ERõ- patients, but only 2/5 would do so in younger ER+ women. The vast majority of physicians considered five years as standard for ER+ patients. Nevertheless, about 1/4 of the doctors chose a shorter treatment duration for node-negative, pre-menopausal patients. A minority of physicians used tamoxifen for longer than five years. Older clinicians were less likely to prescribe tamoxifen, particularly for low-risk patients. Conclusions: According to the data of the recent EBCTG overview, an additional 20,000 lives could be saved worldwide each year if tamoxifen were given to all early breast cancer patients with hormone-sensitive disease, irrespective of age and disease stage, and for a minimum of five years. Our study, involving a representative sample of physicians practicing in Italy, shows that tamoxifen is not used optimally, with a substantial under-use in younger women and women with node-negative disease.

Electronic Resource

1588-2780

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Abstract A new inorganic exchanger consisting of the normal copper chromate (CUCR) was prepared and studied: its application to radiochemical separations was explored after batchwise measuring the distribution coefficients of several elements. Radiostrontium isolation from fission products was performed by combined use of CUCR and PRTD, a new form of tin dioxide previously investigated.

Electronic Resource

1588-2780

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Abstract A procedure for90Sr determination in calcium rich samples is presented. It is based on the precipitation of calcium oxalate in homogeneous solution and under controlled conditions to minimize the coprecipitation of strontium. The latter is subsequently separated as carbonate and radiochemical purification is completed by ion exchange chromatography on two inorganic exchangers: PRTD (partially reduced tin dioxide) and CUCR (copper chromate). The procedure was applied to environmental samples such as ashed sediment, fish and vegetable and results are reported.

Electronic Resource

1588-2780

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Abstract A description is given of the preparation and chemical properties of copper(II) hexacyanoferrate (II) and (III). The first is well known and already used for rapid determination of137Cs in a wide variety of matrices, but the survey reveals that copper(II) hexacyanoferrate(III) is preferable as long as adsorption capacity is concerned. Thermal stability, reactions in acid media and competitive adsorption of K+ and NH 4 + ions are discussed for both adsorbers.

Electronic Resource

1590-3478

Meningioma ; pituitary adenoma ; epidermoid ; chordoma ; intracranial neurinomas ; chondroma ; glioma ; extra-axial tumors ; computed tomography ; angiography

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Sommario Sono stati riesaminati e descritti gli esami neuroradiologici di 31 casi consecutivi di tumori intracranici a cavallo tra fossa media e fossa posteriore, verificati chirurgicamente, con particolare riferimento all'esame radiografico del cranio, all'angiografia ed alla tomografia assiale computerizzata. Nella maggior parte dei casi l'analisi comparata dei diversi esami è stata determinante per giungere ad una diagnosi di natura della lesione.

Abstract 31 consecutive, surgically verified cases of tumors growing from the middle into the posterior fossa or viceversa are reviewed. The results of plain X-ray studies, of angiography and computed tomography (CT)are described. Comparative analysis of the various studies was decisive for predicting the nature of the lesion in the majority of the cases.

Electronic Resource

1590-3478

spinal cord tumor ; epidural cavernous angioma ; dumbbell-shaped tumor ; vascular malformation

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Sommario L'angioma cavernoso è una lesione frequente nel sistema nervoso centrale. Esso è caratterizzato da un insieme di vasi dilatati rivestiti da un sottile endotelio e non separati da tessuto nervoso normale. Gli angiomi cavernosi si ritrovano più frequentemente a livello encefalico. A livello spinale la localizzazione più comune è quella intravertebrale. Gli angiomi cavernosi intradurali extramidollari e quelli intramidollari sono meno frequenti, mentre la localizzazione extradurale è rara. Gli angiomi cavernosi spinali extradurali “a clessidra” sono molto rari. Per quanto ne sappiamo, ne sono stati riportati solo 6 casi in letteratura. Descriviamo un caso giunto alla nostra osservazione con un quadro RMN che, seppure in accordo con tale tipo di lesione, non permetteva una diagnosi differenziale con il neurinoma, che è una patologia molto più comune. L'exeresi chirurgica rappresenta il trattamento di scelta degli angiomi cavernosi. È necessario comunque uno studio radiologico completo per escludere concomitanti localizzazioni a livello di altri organi.

Abstract Cavernous angiomas are common lesions of the CNS characterized by abnormally dilated blood vessels lined by a thin endothelium, closely clustered together and not separated by normal neural tissue. They are more frequently found intracranially. In the spine, a common location is the vertebral bodies. Intradural extramedullary and intramedullary cavernous angiomas are less frequent lesions, while purely epidural locations are uncommon. Spinal dumbbell-shaped epidural cavernous angiomas are exceedingly rare, and only six cases have been reported in the literature. We describe one additional case whose MRI appearance was indistinguishable from that of a neurinoma, which is a much more common lesion. Surgical treatment is advised and complete radiological evaluation is necessary to rule out concomitant localizations in other organs.

Electronic Resource

1588-2780

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Abstract A novel type of tin oxide and its cation exchange properties are described. The preparation of the oxide is rather unusual and consists in the precipitation of SnO·xH2O in the presence of sodium nitroprusside and its digestion in the presence of sodium nitrite. The final product is a partially reduced tin dioxide (PRTD) with one out of eight atoms of metal in the lower oxidation state of +2 and a great part of the bound water hydrogen replaced by sodium. Usual applications of commercially available tin dioxide exchangers can be extended to PRTD with remarkable advantages.

Electronic Resource

1588-2780

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Abstract A description is given of the preparation of copper hexacyanoferrate(II) supported on silica granules. The material in this form is suitable for use as adsorber in batch for concentrating trace cesium from cea water. A modified procedure for collecting cesium from large volumes of river water consists in the use of a column filled with the absorber that is oxidized to copper hexacyanoferrate(III) prior to use.

Electronic Resource