Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:M. Rosin)

2015-12-04

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics/*physiopathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/*physiopathology ; Cell Lineage/genetics ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Lentivirus/genetics ; Mammary Glands, Human/cytology/*physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, SCID ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Time Factors ; Transduction, Genetic ; ras Proteins/genetics

1600-051X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the suitability of measuring volume differences in the gingival tissue for monitoring changes in the inflammatory status of the gingiva.Materials and Methods: Data for this investigation were obtained from a mouthrinse evaluation which was performed as a 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in which localised experimental gingivitis was induced. 24 volunteers were enrolled in the study. Only the data from the placebo period of each subject were used in the current investigation. During the plaque accumulation periods, plaque guards were worn during routine performance of oral hygiene measures to prevent any plaque removal from the experimental area (1st and 2nd premolars and molars in one upper quadrant). Clinical examinations with assessment of plaque and gingivitis were performed on days 0, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42. Volume differences in the gingival papillae were determined between day 0 and days 21, 28, and 42, and between days 28 and 42 by taking measurements from replicas of the respective clinical situations using a 3-D laser scanner and reference-free automated 3-D superimposition software. Data were analysed with the Wilcoxon signed ranks test.Results: Plaque accumulation in the experimental area resulted in a highly significant increase (p〈0.001) of inflammation of the gingival papillae. The mean (standard deviation) papillary GI at baseline was 0.23 (0.34) as compared to 1.22 (0.27) and 1.2 (0.31) on days 21 and 28, respectively. The mean increase in volume of all papillae as compared to baseline was 25,478 μm3 after 21 days and 24,210 μm3 after 28 days. After resuming a normal oral hygiene regimen, mean volume of the papillae decreased between days 28 and 42 by 19,250 μm3.Conclusion: With this novel method, gingival papillary edema can be quantified in vivo from replicas of the clinical situation.

Electronic Resource

1600-051X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Objectives: For various clinical applications, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) has been used for many years as an antiseptic in medicine. Little is known, however, of its antibacterial activity in the oral cavity and its ability to inhibit plaque formation. In this study, a 0.04% PHMB mouthrinse (A) was compared with a negative control placebo rinse (10% ethanol, flavour) (B) and 2 positive control chlorhexidine rinses, one of which was a 0.12% aqueous solution (C) and the other a commercially available mouthrinse (Skinsept® mucosa) diluted to a chlorhexidine concentration of 0.12% (D).Material and Methods: The study was a double-blind, randomised 4-replicate 4×4 Latin square cross-over design. Plaque regrowth was assessed with the Turesky et al. modification of the Quigley and Hein plaque index. The in vivo antibacterial effect was assessed by taking bacterial counts from the tooth surface (smears from the lingual surface of 16) and mucosa (smears from the buccal mucosa) 4 h after the 1st rinse with the preparations on day 1 and prior to the clinical examination on day 5. 16 volunteers participated, and on day 1 of each study period were rendered plaque-free, ceased toothcleaning, and rinsed 2× daily with the allocated mouthrinse. On day 5, plaque was scored and smears were collected according to the protocol. Washout periods were 9 days. Data were analysed using ANOVA with Tukey HSD adjustment for multiple comparisons (significance level α=0.05).Results: Mouthrinses A, C, and D were significantly more effective in inhibiting plaque than the placebo (B). Mouthrinse C was significantly better than mouthrinses A and D, while mouthrinses D and A were equally effective in inhibiting plaque. Bacterial count reductions on the tooth surface with mouthrinse C were significantly greater compared to mouthrinse A and the placebo (B). The reduction of bacterial counts on the mucosa with C was significantly greater than with A and B after 4 h and significantly greater than with A, B and D after 5 days. Mouthrinse A reduced bacteria on the mucosa significantly more effectively than the placebo (B) after 4 h and 5 days, while mouthrinse D was more effective than the placebo (B) after 4 h.Conclusion: The results indicate that a 0.04% PHMB mouthwash inhibits plaque regrowth and reduces oral bacterial counts, and may be used in preventive applications in the oral cavity.

Electronic Resource

1600-0714

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The distinction between a new primary oral tumor and recurrence may bear significant prognostic implications. Currently, this differentiation relies mainly on tumor location: when both lesions are at or near the same site, the new one is regarded as a recurrence; when the two are at different sites, the second lesion is regarded as a new primary. Recent investigations using molecular analysis have demonstrated that some oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) arising from different sites show the same clonogenical changes. In this case report, we studied the clonality of three SCC (one primary, two apparent recurrences) from the right lateral tongue of a young, non-smoking woman by using microsatellite analysis for loss of heterozygosity. The results showed that while the first two tumors were clonogenically similar, the third tumor was clonogenically different and was consistent with the development of a new primary. This result indicates that location of tumors alone is not always reliable in determining whether a new tumor is a recurrence or a new primary lesion.

Electronic Resource

1600-0714

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Abstract: Oral leukoplakia, a heterogeneous group of lesions, demonstrates a varying degree of risk for cancer progression. Histology (presence and degree of dysplasia), the current gold standard for assessing this risk, is reasonably effective in judging the malignant risk of high-grade pre-invasive lesions. It is, however, a poor predictor for lesions without dysplasia, or with minimal dysplasia, as only a few of these lesions will progress to cancer. This poses an enormous dilemma for clinicians as to whether these lesions should be aggressively treated or not. Recent studies show that loss of specific chromosomal regions (loss of heterozygosity, LOH) that contain known or presumptive tumor suppressor genes is an early predictor of subsequent progression of oral premalignant lesions. Incorporation of LOH findings into staging of oral premalignancy could improve our ability to identify and manage high-risk premalignant lesions, particularly those with relatively benign histology but high-risk genetic changes (high-risk LOH pattern).

Electronic Resource

1600-0714

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1600-0714

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background:  Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is increasingly found in transplant recipients, although little is known of the natural history of the disease or the mechanism underlying this increase.Methods:  In this article we describe the history of development of 5 oral post-transplant SCCs (PSCCs) and compare their genetic profiles to 34 non-posttransplant SCCs (NPSCCs).Results:  Of the five patients with PSCCs, 3 had bone marrow transplants and two, kidney. All three PSCCs from bone marrow recipients were preceded locally by graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD). Two of the GVHD were biopsied and demonstrated dysplasia. Similar frequencies of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) occurred in PSCCs and NPSCCs at 3p, 9p, 17p and 8p, with lower frequencies in PSCCs at 4q (39% vs. 0%), 11q (53% vs. 20%) and 13q (45% vs. 20%), although the latter were not significantly different. Only 1 PSCC had a p53 mutation, compared to historical values of 40–60% for NPSCC. Interestingly, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was detected in 3 (60%) PSCCs, in comparison to only 4 (12%) of the 34 NPSCCs (P = 0.0346).Conclusions:  Dysplasia in oral GVHD may be a strong indicator of cancer risk and should not be regarded as reactive changes to lichenoid mucosites. The low level of p53 mutation and increased HPV infection support the involvement of HPV in the development of PSCC, while the similarity in LOH patterns suggests that other aspects of carcinogenesis may be comparable in these two types of SCCs.

Electronic Resource

1600-0765

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The broad spectrum protease inhibitor, α2-macgrolobulin (α2M), is one of the host's principal regulators of both endogenous and exogenous proteases and is likely to have an important role in the regulation of proteolytic activity at inflammatory sites. We have determined the amount of complexed (comα2M) and total α2M (totα2M) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) harvested from shallow and deep sites in adult periodontitis (AP) patients (n=21). An ELISA technique was developed to measure both forms of α2M in the same sample utilizing a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for the complexed form. In addition, protease activity towards human serum albumin (Protl), transferrin (Prot2) and Nα-benzoyl-L-arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin-hydrochloride (BAAMc; Prot3) were determined in a second GCF sample from the same site. Plasma α2M concentrations were only positively correlated (p=0.0163) with GCF totα2M from highly inflamed sites. We observed a significant positive correlation between totα2M and proteolytic activity in GCF from deep sites but not from shallow sites (Protl: p=0.002; Prot2: p=0.005). A similar correlation between totα2M and proteolytic activity was found at highly inflamed sites (Protl: p=0.014; Prot2: p=0.002). A very high proportion of the totα2M in GCF was in the complexed form at both shallow (71.14%±29.13) and deep sites (68.17%±28.5) Comα2M was positively correlated with proteolytic activity only in deep sites (Protl: p=0.015; Prot2: p=0.031). Our results suggest that the concentration of totα2M in the gingival crevice is positively associated with the amount of proteolytic activity at the site and that protease activities in GCF may only partly explain the high percentage conversion α2M to the complexed form. The high level of α2M inactivation in GCF from AP patients reported here may have significance not only in view of its role as a broad spectrum protease inhibitor but also through the differential effects of native vs complexed α2M on the regulation of immune responses.

Electronic Resource

1600-051X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Objectives: For various clinical applications, polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) has been used for many years as an antiseptic in medicine. Recently, a 0.04% and a 0.12% PHMB mouthwash were shown to inhibit plaque re-growth and to reduce oral bacterial counts. In this study, a 0.2% PHMB mouthrinse (A) was compared with a positive control 0.12% aqueous chlorhexidine solution (B), a commercially available 0.3% triclosan/2.0% polyvinyl methyl ether maleic acid copolymer mouthrinse (Colgate Total Plax®) (C), and a negative control placebo rinse (10% ethanol, flavour) (D).Materials and Methods: The controlled clinical study was a double blind, randomized, four replicate cross - over design. Plaque re-growth was assessed with the Turesky et al. (1970) modification of the Quigley & Hein (1962) plaque index. The antibacterial effect was assessed by taking bacterial counts on the tooth surface (smears from the buccal surface of 16/26) and mucosa (smears from the buccal mucosa in opposite of area 16/26) after the professional prophylaxis and after the first rinse with the preparations on day 1 and prior to the clinical examination on day 5. Sixteen volunteers participated and, on day 1 of each study period were rendered plaque-free, ceased toothcleaning, and rinsed twice daily with the allocated mouthrinse. On day 5, plaque was scored and smears were collected according to the protocol. A 10-day wash-out period was carried out between each rinse evaluation. Data were analysed using ancova with Bonferroni HSD adjustment for multiple comparisons (colony forming units per sample) with a significance level α=0.05.Results: The 0.2% PHMB mouthrinse (A) was significantly better at inhibiting plaque than the placebo (D), but significant less effective than the 0.12% aqueous chlorhexidine solution (B). There is no significant difference between A and the 0.3% triclosan/2.0% copolymer mouthrinse (C).Bacterial count reductions (tooth surface and mucosa) with PHMB (A) were significantly greater compared with the placebo (D) and triclosan (C), but significantly lower compared with chlorhexidine (B) (tooth surface) and equally effective compared with chlorhexidine (B) (mucosa).Conclusion: Consistent with previous studies, a PHMB mouthrinse was shown to inhibit plaque re-growth and to reduce oral bacterial counts, indicating that PHMB could be an alternative to established mouthrinses in preventive applications.

Electronic Resource

1600-051X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Objectives: For various clinical applications, polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) has been used for many years as an antiseptic in medicine. Recently, a 0.04% PHMB mouthwash was shown to inhibit plaque regrowth and to reduce oral bacterial counts. In this study, a 0.12% PHMB mouthrinse (A) was compared with a negative control placebo rinse (10% ethanol, flavour) (B), a positive control 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse (C), and a commercially available mouthrinse containing essential oils (Listerine®) (D).Materials and Methods: The study was a double-blind, randomised 4-replicate 4×4 Latin square cross-over design in which plaque regrowth was measured. The in vivo antibacterial effect was assessed by taking bacterial counts from the tooth surface and mucosa 4 h after the first rinse with the preparations on day 1 and prior to the clinical examination on day 5. 16 volunteers participated and, on day 1 of each study period, were rendered plaque-free, ceased toothcleaning, and rinsed 2×daily with the allocated mouthrinse. On day 5, plaque was scored and smears were collected according to the protocol. Washout periods were 9 days. Data were analysed using ANOVA with Bonferroni HSD adjustment for multiple comparisons (significance level α=0.05).Results: The 0.12% PHMB mouthrinse (A) was significantly more effective in inhibiting plaque than the placebo (B) but no significant differences could be observed between A and 0.12% chlorhexidine (C), or between A and Listerine® (D). Bacterial count reductions on the tooth surface with PHMB (A) were significantly greater compared to the placebo (B) after 4 h and significantly greater compared to B and D after 5 days. Chlorhexidine (C) was more effective than A after 5 days. On the mucosa, chlorhexidine (C) was significantly more effective in reducing bacterial counts than the other 3 treatments at both time points investigated. PHMB (A) was significantly more effective in reducing bacterial counts than the placebo (B) after 4 h and after 5 days, and than D after 4 h.Conclusion: Consistent with a previous study, a PHMB mouthrinse was shown to inhibit plaque recolonisation and to reduce oral bacterial counts, indicating that PHMB may find applications in the prevention of plaque-associated diseases.

Electronic Resource

1600-051X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Objectives: The pharmacodynamic properties of ibuprofen are related nearly exclusively to the S(+)enantiomer (dexibuprofen). This study investigated the effect of a 1.5% dexibuprofen mouth rinse in an experimentally induced gingivitis.Materials and Methods: The trial was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, two-period and two-sequence parallel group cross-over study in 24 healthy volunteers aged 21–30 years (16 males, eight females). Customized guards were worn during tooth brushing to prevent any plaque removal from the experimental area (first and second pre-molars and molars in one upper quadrant). After 22 days of plaque accumulation, the mouth rinses (1.5% dexibuprofen and placebo) were administered under supervision three times daily (rinsing for 1 min. with 15 ml) for 8 days. The wash-out time between the two study periods was 14 days. Parameters evaluated at days 0, 7, 14, 22, and 30 were the Löe & Silness gingival index (GI) and the Quigley & Hein plaque index (QHI). Data were tested for treatment, period, and carry-over effects (parametric cross-over analysis).Results: There was no statistically significant difference (p=0.240) in GI between placebo and dexibuprofen. However, the decrease in QHI was significantly greater (p=0.019) with dexibuprofen as compared with the placebo.Conclusion: In the present study, a 1.5% dexibuprofen mouth rinse had no effect on gingivitis whereas an anti-plaque effect was demonstrated.

Electronic Resource

1600-051X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Aim: To assess the root surface roughness and topography on extracted teeth using different instruments.Material and Methods: In the present study, laser profilometry was used to examine the 3-D roughness values Ra and Rz and topography of root surfaces of periodontally-involved teeth instrumented in vivo with curette, conventional ultrasonic device, conventional or teflon-coated sonic scaler insert, or the Periotor instrument (12 teeth per instrument type), and compare these with uninstrumented cementum surfaces.Results: The roughness values Ra and Rz of the roots treated with the different instruments showed a similar pattern: curettes and the Periotor instrument produced the smoothest surfaces (Ra about 1.5 μm, Rz 30 μm); the 4 other instruments created similar Ra values of approximately 2–3 μm and Rz roughness of about 50–70 μm, which equals the untreated root surface. For Ra, the difference between the curette or the Periotor instrument and the teflon-coated sonic insert or ultrasonic insert was significant, and for Rz, a significant difference was found between the curette or the Periotor instrument and ultrasonic insert. As opposed to surfaces debrided with the Periotor and teflon-coated sonic scaler, it appears that hand instruments markedly reconfigure surfaces.Conclusion: The lowest root-surface roughness values were obtained with hand instruments. The teflon tubing on the sonic scaler insert effected no change of topography or roughness as compared to uninstrumented, control surfaces. However, it must be pointed out that hard-tissue removal was not investigated.

Electronic Resource

1436-3771

Key words Gingivitis ; Plaque ; Saliva ; Lysozyme ; Peroxidase

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract  The purpose of the present investigation was to study the suitability of the salivary activity of lysozyme and salivary peroxidase for monitoring the inflammatory state of the gingiva. Salivary peroxidase and lysozyme activities in resting whole saliva were measured in a group of 140 male subjects (aged 18–30 years). A full mouth, clinical assessment of the plaque index (PI) and the sulcus bleeding index (SBI) was made and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) flow was measured at teeth 16, 12, 24, 36, 32 and 44 with the Periotron 6000. There were no significant differences in the mean values of lysozyme and salivary peroxidase activities between groups with different PI, SBI and GCF flow values. Statistically significant correlations were found among the clinical parameters, with SBI and PI showing the strongest relation (r=0.47). The correlation between GCF flow and PI was higher (r=0.43) than the correlation between GCF flow and SBI (r=0.20). However, there were no statistically significant correlations between the activities of salivary peroxide and lysozyme and the clinical measures of gingival health.

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