Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:M. Radwan)

2014-11-22

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Alu Elements ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Caspase 1/metabolism ; Choroidal Neovascularization/drug therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Geographic Atrophy/drug therapy ; Graft vs Host Disease/drug therapy ; Hepatitis/drug therapy ; Inflammasomes/*drug effects ; Liver/drug effects ; Mice ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/metabolism ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/drug effects/metabolism/physiology ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*pharmacology/therapeutic use

1439-0523

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Six populations of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) were developed through various selection schemes to examine the influence of selection In improving tolerance to Orobanche crenata (Forsk.) in local faba bean stocks. All populations trace their origin to 209 farmers’ seed lots that were collected from Egypt. The entries of each population were grown during the 1982/1983 season in the Orobanche nursery located at Giza in Egypt. Comparison among means of the selected, populations showed that more progress in improving Orobanche tolerance could be achieved from combined selection between and within lots. Between-lots selection was less efficient than single-plant selection. Results, of this study show that considerable progress could be achieved from selection for Orobanche tolerance in local faba bean germplasm. There was sufficient residual genetic variation in the selected populations to expect substantial progress from further selection for most tolerance traits.

Electronic Resource

1439-0523

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Three pot experiments were earned our to investigate the variation among geographic accessions of Orobanche crenata Forsk. in their ability to attack different stocks of Vicia faba L. Orobanche accessions were quite different in their influence on the performance of genetic lines of the host. However, host parasite relationships appeared to be dependent upon environmental conditions. The usefulness or host genotypes for differentiating between parasite accessions was rather limited. The number of Orobanche shoots per host plant does not appear 10 be a precise indicator of host tolerance although it has been frequently used for this purpose.

Electronic Resource

0020-708X

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Physics

Electronic Resource

0020-708X

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Physics

Electronic Resource

0020-708X

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Physics

Electronic Resource

0020-708X

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Physics

Electronic Resource

1572-8838

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

Abstract For characterizing the oxygen cycle in sealed lead-acid batteries the technological terms “oxygen recombination efficiency” and “oxygen recombination conditions” are introduced and their different meanings explained. Numerical values are calculated or estimated from plots of overpressure against time. Emphasis is placed on investigations of the influence of technological parameters on oxygen recombination conditions.

Electronic Resource

1573-4803

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Abstract Using a differential thermal analysis technique to give single scan thermograms, the transformation mode,n, and the activation energy of crystallization,E, were determined for the chalcogenide glasses of the system Ag x (As2S3)100−x' withx=6, 15 and 25. Bothn andE were found to be compositionally dependent. The value ofn varies between 2.1 and 3.6, and that ofE between 2.4 and 3.6 eV. The crystallization kinetic data were explained using X-ray diffraction results of amorphous and crystalline structures.

Electronic Resource

1573-4803

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Abstract X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the compositional dependence of the glassy structure of the binary selenium-sulphur system conforms to and can be explained by structure variations in corresponding crystalline compounds. For up to ∼28% S, sulphur atoms are accommodated in the structure based on the selenium matrix and distorting it. As the percentage of sulphur reaches 50%, complete phase transitions take place. The discontinuity observed in the lattice parameters of crystalline selenium-sulphur compounds is interpreted in terms of the interatomic and inter-molecular forces. The crystallization process of the sample SSe20 was studied, where sulphur clusters were likely to be formed during the growth of selenium crystals, but sulphur atoms were accommodated in the fully crystalline selenium matrix so that no sulphur phase was formed.

Electronic Resource

1573-7438

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Résumé On a examiné la croissance et l'indice de consommation de lapins nourris soit d'ensilage d'herbe ou de grains complets et, en supplément d'un concentré en pellets ou de rations de manioc/graine de coton. L'ensilage d'herbe de pauvre qualité (pH 4,9) est presqu'entièrement rejeté par les jeunes lapins recevant initialement un supplément concentré à 17,8 g ou 35,5 g DM/jour. Les lapins soumis au plus faible niveau de concentré perdent 0,35 g de poids corporel par jour. Dans une expérience durant 40 jours, les lapins pesant initialement 1,77 kg recevant une ration entièrement en pellets contenant 667 g/kg de maïs ou 667 g/kg de sorgho accusent un gain de poids journalier (22,6 g) par rapport à des lapins recevant des grains entiers et un supplément en pellets (19,4 g). Dans une seconde expérience, ni la pelletisation, ni le type de céréale n'ont eu d'effet significatif sur le gain de poids journalier ou l'indice de consommation. La pelletisation améliore de manière significative la digestibilité de la protéïne brute des rations alors que les rations de maïs sont supérieures en DM, matière organique et digestibilité en protéïne brute. L'incorporation dans la ration de farine de graine de coton contenant 700 mg/kg de gossypol libre au taux de 150 et de 300 g/kg n'affecte pas la croissance ni l'indice de consommation chez des lapins pesant initialement 0,92 kg. Ces rations contiennet jusqu'à 364 g/kg de manioc, ce qui permet de suggérer l'utilisation de cet ingrédient dans la nourriture des lapins en tant que source d'énergie en remplacement des grains entiers.

Resumen Se investigó, el crecimiento y la conversión de alimentos de conejos alimentados con uno u otro de los siguientes productos: ensilaje de pasto, granos enteros de cereales, concentrado peletizado, o yuca/torta de algodón. El ensilaje de pasto de calidad baja (PH 4.9), fue rechazado casi totalmente por los conejos jovenes inicialmente, alimentados con 17.8 g. o 35.5 g. MS/día de un concentrado suplementario. Los conejos que estaban bajo una dieta más baja de concentrados, perdieron 0.35 g. de peso vivo por día. Los conejos que inicialmente pesaban 1.77 kg, los cuales fueron alimentados con dietas completamente peletizadas, que contenían 667 g/kg maíz o 667 g/de sorgo, ganaron 22.6 g. de peso vivo/día en comparación a conejos cuya alimentación consistió en gramos enteros y suplementos peletizados (19.4 g), en un experimento que duró 40 días. En un segundo experimento, no hubo efectos significativos del peletizado, o tipo de cereal, o ganancia de peso vivo, o tasa de conversión alimentaria. El peletizado en general, mejoró significativamente la digestibilidad de la proteína cruda de las dietas, mientras que las dietas de maíz fueron superiores en digestibilidad de la MS, materia orgánica y proteína cruda. La inclusión en dietas de torta de algodón con 700 mg/kg de gosipol libre, a niveles de 150 y 300 g/kg, no afectó la tasa de crecimiento o la conversión alimenticia en conejos que pesaron 0.92 kg inicialmente. Estas dietas contenían hasta 364 g/kg de yuca, sugiriendo que este ingrediente puede usarse en dietas para conejos, como fuente de energía y en reemplazo de granos enteros.

Summary The growth and feed conversion of rabbits fed either grass silage or whole grains and supplementary pelleted concentrate of cassava/cottonseed diets were investigated. Poor quality grass silage (pH 4.9) was almost completely rejected by young rabbits initially fed either 17.8 g or 35.5 g DM/day of a supplementary concentrate. Rabbits on the lower level of concentrate provision lost 0.35 g liveweight per day. Rabbits initially weighing 1.77 kg fed complete pelleted diets containing 667 g/kg maize or 667 g/kg sorghum showed improved daily liveweight gains (22.6 g) over rabbits fed whole grains and pelleted supplements (19.4 g) in an experiment lasting 40 days. In a second experiment there were no significant effects of pelleting or type of cereal on liveweight gain or feed conversion ratio. Pelleting significantly improved crude protein digestibility of diets whilst maize diets were superior in DM, organic matter and crude protein digestibilities. The inclusion of cottonseed meal containing 700 mg/kg free gossypol in diets at levels of 150 and 300 g/kg did not affect growth rate or feed conversion in rabbits weighing 0.92 kg initially. These diets contained up to 364 g/kg cassava suggesting that this ingredient can be used in rabbit diets as an energy source in replacement for whole grains.

Electronic Resource

1573-7438

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Résumé On a examiné les effets de la substitution de la farine de racines de manioc importée à la place de la farine d'orge dans les rations de lapins en croissance. Quatre rations ont été utilisées. La ration 1 contient 500 g de farine d'orge/kg, le reste se composant de farine de graine de soja, de paille d'orge, de vitamines de minéraux. Les rations 2, 3 et 4 contiennent des quantités crossantes de farine de manioc en remplacement de la farine d'orge, à 165, 335 et 500 g/kg respectivement, supplémentées avec L-lysine et de la L-méthionine. Un essai de croissance a été réalisé sur 48 lapins logés en cages individuelles, pesant de 0,8 à 2 kg; les digestibilités des rations ont été déterminées par pesée. Les taux de croissance ont été similaires pour tous les traitements (41,6; 43,1; 40,6; et 41,0 g/j respectivement, d.s. 2,39), de même que les taux de conversion de la matière sèche (2,27: 1 en général). La farine de manioc paraît avoir une énergie digestive de 1,6 MJ/kg de MS, plus élevée que celle de la farine d'orge. Il ne semble pas qu'il y ait d'effet délétère pour la santé de mise à disposition de rations contenant 500 g/kg de farine de tubercules de manioc. La variabilité intrinsèque de la composition chimique des produits de racine de manioc est discutée.

Resumen Se examinó la posibilidad de substituir la cebada por yuca, en raciones para conejos en crecimiento. Se utilizaron cuatro dietas. La dieta número 1 contenía 500 g/kg de cebada molida y el resto lo conformaba soya molida, paja de cebada, vitaminas y minerales. Las dietas 2, 3 y 4 contenían cantidades crecientes de yuca molida en lugar de cebada molida, en cantidades de 165, 335 y 500 g/kg respectivamente con L-lisina y DL metionina como suplementos. Se llevó a cabo un ensayo utilizando 48 conejos enjaulados individualmente, con pesos que oscilaron entre 0.8 kg y 2.0 kg. Se determinó la digestibilidad de las dietas, mediante ensayos balanceados. Las tasas de crecimiento fueron similares en todos los tratamientos (41.6, 43.1 y 40.6 y 41.0 g/d respectivamente, s.e.d. 2.39), como también lo fueron los rangos de conversión de la materia seca (2.27: 1 en general). La yuca molida aparentemente tuvo una energía digestible 1.6 MJ/kg MS más alta, que la de cebada molida. Aparentemente no hubo efectos adversos en la salud de los animales con dietas que contenían 500 g/kg de yuca molida. Se discute la variabilidad intrínseca en composición química de los productos derivados de la yuca.

Summary The effects of substituting imported cassava root meal for barley meal in rations for growing rabbits were examined. Four diets were used. Diet 1 contained 500 g/kg barley meal, the remainder of the diet consisted of soya bean meal, barley straw, vitamins and minerals. Diets 2, 3 and 4 contained increasing amounts of cassava root meal in place of barley meal at 165, 335 and 500 g/kg respectively with L-lysine and DL methionine supplements. A growth trial was carried out using 48 individually caged rabbits from 0.8 kg to 2.0 kg and the digestibilities of the diets were determined in balance trials. Growth rates were similar on all treatments (41.6, 43.1, 40.6 and 41.0 g/d respectively, s.e.d. 2.39), as were dry matter food conversion ratios (2.27:1 overall). The cassava meal appeared to have a digestible energy approximately 1.6 MJ/kg DM higher than that of the barley meal. There appeared to be no adverse effects of feeding diets containing 500 g/kg cassava root meal on animal health. The intrinsic variability in chemical composition of cassava root products is discussed.

Electronic Resource

1573-5036

Alder ; Alnus rubra ; Essential elements ; N2-fixation ; Nutrition ; Stand deterioration

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Summary Six stands of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) were sampled to assess the relationship between stand age and foliar chemical concentrations. The stands ranged in age from 9 to 45 years, and were located near Olympia, Washington, on sites of similar soil, aspect, and slope. Foliage was collected in July, and concentrations of most essential nutrients and aluminum were determined. Foliar concentrations of these elements varied among the different stands. Highest concentrations of N, P, Ca, S, Fe, and Al were found in trees of the youngest stand. Concentrations of N, P, S, and Fe were negatively correlated with stand age. The strongest correlation was obtained with P (r=−0.96,P〈0.01), followed by N (r=−0.85,P=0.03). Results suggest that declining growth and deterioration of red alder stands with age may be related, at least in part, to limiting supplies of essential nutrients, especially P, N, and S.

Electronic Resource

1573-5036

Alnus rubra ; Aluminum ; Annual returns ; Essential elements ; Litterfall ; Leaf litter ; Nitrogen ; Nutrients ; Red alder

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Summary Litterfall was collected over 1 year from eight natural stands of red alder growing on different sites in western Washington. The stands occurred at various elevations and on different soils, and differed in age, basal area, and site index. Most litterfall was leaf litter (average 86 percent). Amounts of litterfall and leaf litter varied significantly (P〈0.05) among the sites. Average weights of litterfall and leaf litter in kg ha−1 yr−1, were 5150 and 4440, respectively. Weight of leaf litter was not significantly (P〈0.05) related to site index, stand age, or basal area. The sites varied significantly (P〈0.05) in concentrations of all elements determined in the leaf litter, except Zn. Average chemical concentrations were: N, 1.98 percent; P, 0.09 percent; K, 0.44 percent; Ca, 1.01 percent; Mg, 0.21 percent; S, 0.17 percent; SO4−S, nil; Fe, 324 ppm; Mn, 311 ppm; Zn, 53 ppm; Cu, 13 ppm; and Al, 281 ppm. There were significant correlations between some stand characteristics and concentrations of some elements, and among the different chemical components of the leaf litter. Important correlations were found between stand age and P concentration (r=−0.84,P〈0.01); weight of leaf litter and P concentration (r=0.74,P〈0.05); weight of leaf litter and K concentration (r=0.71,P〈0.05); concentrations of N and S (r=0.81,P〈0.05); and concentrations of Fe and Al (r=0.98,P〈0.01). Returns of the different elements to the soil by leaf litter varied among the different sites. Average nutrient and Al returns, in kg ha−1 yr−1, were: N, 82; Ca, 41; K, 19; Mg, 8; S, 7; P, 4; Fe, 1; Mn, 1; Al, 1; Zn, 0.2, and Cu, 〈0.1.

Electronic Resource

1573-5036

Alnus rubra ; efficiency of nutrient utilization ; essential elements ; nutrient concentration ; nutrient content ; Populus trichocarpa

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Abstract Two-year-old coppice of black cottonwood and red alder, grown in pure culture and in mixture, were compared using terminal twigs and leafless shoots harvested in the winter. Terminal twigs were taken with buds intact; they were about 15 cm long. Leafless shoot samples included all above-ground components. In pure culture, dry weights of the leafless shoots per plant were similar for the two species. In mixture with alder, however, weight of the cottonwood plants was enhanced and that of alder was reduced, but neither response was statistically significant. Nutrient concentration, content per plant, and utilization varied by the plant tissues analyzed, cultural treatment (purevs. mixed), and species. In general, nutrient concentrations were higher in the terminal twigs than in the leafless shoots of both species. Cultural treatment did not significantly affect nutrient concentration in cottonwood twigs or in the leafless shoots of either species. Concentrations of N and Fe were significantly higher and those of Mn were lower in twigs of mixed alder than in twigs of pure alder. Twigs of cottonwood were significantly higher than those of alder in concentration of P and Zn, and lower in N, Mn, and Cu. Compared with alder, cottonwood leafless shoots were significantly higher in concentration of Ca, but lower in N, S, Cu, and Mn. With few exceptions, nutrient content was highest in the shoots of the large plants of mixed cottonwood, intermediate in medium-sized pure cottonwood and pure alder, and lowest in the small mixed alder. Cottonwood was significantly more efficient than alder in use of N, S, and Cu, and less efficient in use of Ca. Some of the differences between cultural treatments and species may be associated directly or indirectly with the N2-fixing ability of red alder. Mixed culture of the two species appears promising because of the increased growth of cottonwood. Planted separately in pure culture, the choice between cottonwood and alder may be determined, in part, by the nutritional status of the soil where plantations are established.

Electronic Resource

1573-5095

epicormic sprouts ; terminal and nonterminal cuttings ; indole-3-butyric acid ; vegetative propagation ; Alnus rubra

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Abstract Tests were conducted to assess rootability of red alder softwood cuttings from shoots of young trees and epicormic sprouts of mature individuals. Ortets were 3 to 34 years old, and treatments with and without indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were compared. The extent of rooting and root vigor on the cuttings varied greatly among ortets and treatments. Among nonterminal cuttings, the best overall rooting success, with and without IBA, was obtained with cuttings of the youngest ortet. Average rooting of terminal and nonterminal cuttings of one clone were 100% and 64%, respectively. Although cuttings of some trees rooted well without IBA, the IBA treatment appeared to be generally beneficial. For all nonterminal cuttings of all clones, best results (80.0%/x) were obtained with a 10-sec dip in 2,000 or 4,000 ppm IBA. Vigorous planting stock was obtained from the rooted cuttings of all clones. Using epicormic sprouts from mature trees of proven performance will presumably allow propagation of superior trees and establishment of new plantations with improved stock.

Electronic Resource

1573-1561

Terpenes ; essential oils ; gopher damage ; gopher feeding preference ; Pinus ponderosa ; Thomomys spp.

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract Yield and composition of essential oils were compared in foliage, stems, and roots of ponderosa pine seedlings, and preferences for the trees by pocket gophers were determined. Test seedlings represented nine widely separated provenances in the western United States. Seed source of the trees influenced gopher feeding preferences and resulted in varied tree damage. The damage ranged from 0 to 31%, suggesting that some sources might possess sufficient natural resistance to give trees practical protection from gophers in the field. There were no morphological differences among sources to explain differential tree damage. All sources contained essential oils in all tissues examined, but oil yield varied among and within tissue types. Oils were predominantly (76–97%) composed of monoterpene hydrocarbons. Oil composition varied by source, and different tissue types varied greatly in the yield and composition of their oils. Neither yield nor constituents of foliage oils were significantly correlated with gopher damage (or preference). In contrast, some components of stem and root oils were strongly related to preference. Results of correlation and discriminant analyses showed that some oil constituents could serve as indicators of resistance (or susceptibility) to gopher damage. Such important chemical variables, when verified, could be used in selections for ponderosa pine resistant to gophers.

Electronic Resource

1573-1561

Browsing preference ; essential oils ; chlorogenic acid ; Douglas fir ; Pseudotsuga menziesii ; deer (black-tailed) ; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract Douglas fir foliage from eight full-sib F1 families was analyzed for chlorogenic acid and essential oils and ranked according to browsing preference of penned black-tailed deer. Foliage was obtained during the dormant season, and tissues for both the preference test and chemical analyses were collected from the same trees. Deer ranked the different families, and chlorogenic acid content was correlated with preference order. Families varied significantly in yield and composition of essential oils, but differences were not related to preference. Results may have application in selections for Douglas fir resistant to browsing.

Electronic Resource

1573-4803

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Abstract X-ray diffraction and microstructure studies for amorphous samples of composition (As2Se3)1−x Tl x , wherex varies between 0 and 0.7, show that up tox=0.25 the short-range order is similar to that of As2Se3. A change in the structure is observed asx increases. Diffraction from samples crystallized by annealing confirms that a thallium content up tox=0.25 is not enough to alter a characteristic matrix similar to crystalline As2Se3; however, it results in a decrease of crystallization tendency. Forx〉0.25 up to 0.7 the structural matrix features are almost similar to those of crystalline TlAsSe2. The observed structural changes could rationalize reported changes in the electrical and thermal transport properties of the amorphous ternary system compounds.

Electronic Resource