Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:M. J. MacDonald)

2014-05-23

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis/biosynthesis ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/enzymology/metabolism ; Gluconeogenesis/*drug effects ; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Insulin/secretion ; Lactic Acid/metabolism ; Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; Metformin/*pharmacology ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/*enzymology ; Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

2012-06-09

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Apoptosis ; Armadillo Domain Proteins/analysis/*genetics/*physiology ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Axotomy ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/analysis/*genetics/*physiology ; Denervation ; Drosophila/embryology/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/analysis/*genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neurons/*physiology ; Sciatic Nerve/injuries/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Superior Cervical Ganglion/cytology ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; *Wallerian Degeneration

1432-0428

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1432-0428

Glucose ; 6-aminonicotinamide ; leucine ; arginine ; insulin release ; hexosemonophosphate pathway

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), which decreases the activity of the hexosemonophosphate pathway of pancreatic islets as well as the insulin releasing effect of glucose, was used to determine whether the potentiating effect of leucine and arginine on glucose induced insulin release is dependent upon normal function of the hexosemonophosphate pathway in pancreatic islets. In control islets, at low glucose concentrations (1 mg/ml), or in the absence of glucose, insulin release induced by these amino acids was negligible. At high glucose concentrations (3 mg/ml), which markedly stimulated insulin release (584 μU/5 islets/90 min), 1 and 10 mM leucine and 10 mM arginine increased insulin release by another 250 to 300 μU. Islets from animals treated with 6-AN released significantly less insulin in response to glucose alone or glucose plus leucine or arginine than control islets. However, the potentiating effect of these amino acids on insulin release from islets of animals treated with 6-AN was still similar to that observed in control islets and the total insulin released in the presence of 1 or 10 mM leucine or 10 mM arginine plus 3 mg/ml glucose was about the same as that observed in control islets in the presence of 3 mg/ml glucose alone. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that glucose exerts a permissive effect upon the insulinogenic actions of leucine and arginine, but that glucose oxidation through the hexosemonophosphate pathway is not important for the potentiation of glucose-induced insulin release by these amino acids.

Electronic Resource

1615-5947

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Patients with end-stage renal disease are being maintained for longer periods with dialysis or renal transplantation. Although renal failure itself is associated with occlusive peripheral vascular disease, such patients often have additional comorbid risk factors. In this series, 88% of patients were diabetic, 93% were hypertensive, and 44% were smokers, all factors that exacerbate the severity of their vasculopathy. As a consequence, the vascular surgeon is increasingly being confronted with limb-threatening peripheral vascular disease in this population. We performed 34 infrainguinal bypasses in 27 patients during an 8-year period from 1986 to 1993. Fifty percent of these were bypasses to the infrapopliteal level. The 12- and 48-month graft patency was 64% and 38%, respectively, by life-table analysis. The limb salvage rate was 65% and 58% at 12 and 48 months. The perioperative mortality rate was 5.9% and the morbidity rate was 37%. Most of the limb loss (66%) occurred during the first 3 months after surgery as a result of acute graft occlusion or nonhealing of an ulcer or minor amputation site. We believe that this reflects an increasingly aggressive approach to limb salvage in patients with end-stage renal disease. Four limbs were lost despite a patent graft. Infrainguinal bypass is a viable management option for limb salvage in patients with end-stage renal disease. These procedures can be undertaken with acceptable perioperative mortality and with a 12-month limb salvage rate of 65%.

Electronic Resource