Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:M. J. Lyons)

2012-03-31

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*anatomy & histology/*metabolism ; Gene Expression ; *Genes ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenotype ; Twins, Dizygotic/genetics ; Twins, Monozygotic/genetics

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Primary consideration is normally given to aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons as active agents in tobacco carcinogenesis. However, in view of the above, it seemed of interest to determine the concentration of free radicals in cigarette smoke. The following series of experiments, which utilized a ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] The fluorescence spectrum of the compound in cyclohexane consists of a series of fine lines at 462, 470 and 478 m?, the latter being of lower intensity than the first two. The absorption spectrum of the analytical sample gave all the features of the reference standard2. The chromatographic ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] The present communication describes a similar investigation of cigarette smoke under conditions of smoking and collection of smoke products which differed from those used by Cooper and Lindsey and by Seelkopf. The time taken to smoke a cigarette of average weight 1 o 1 gm. to a butt of ...

Electronic Resource

1432-8798

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1432-1831

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Native flagella of tenSalmonella serotypes were shown to possess serotype-specific antigenic determinants as well as a multiple of common antigenic determinants, which varied in concentration. Each common antigenic determinant was shared by certain, but not all, serotypes. This has been demonstrated from agglutination and radioimmunometric assay (RIMA) results, using ten antisera raised in rabbits against purified polymeric flagellins from tenSalmonella serotypes as immunogens. The minimum detectable populations of salmonellae, as determined by RIMA varied considerably, due to variation in concentrations (and possibly types) of common antigenic determinants. However, the results demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing RIMA for the qualitative detection of salmonellae, using a mixture of only the ten antisera and125I-labelled protein A as a general tracer. In this way, 77 different salmonellae were detected in less than 8 h after culturing in selective broth. The RIMA developed was specific for salmonellae and showed no cross-reactions with high populations of other members within the familiyEnterobacteriaceae.

Electronic Resource

1432-1831

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Ten antisera raised in rabbits, against polymeric flagellins from ten differentSalmonella serotypes were used to determine the relative cross-activities between salmonella flagellins in monomeric form. The results showed a high degree of cross-reactivity between the antisera (IgG antibodies) and all monomeric flagellins investigated. Consequently, it was possible to detect the tenSalmonella serotypes, after heat depolymerization of flagella using radioimmunometric assay with only one antiserum raised against polymeric flagellin from one serotype. The results also showed that native flagella differed antigenically from repolymerized and monomeric flagellins. This is possibly due to changes in the tertiary structure of sub-units of flagella when depolymerized with acid or heat resulting in unfolding and unmasking of common antigenic determinants. The unfolded and unmasked antigenic determinants were not only common to theSalmonella serotypes investigated, but also to other members of Enterobacteriaceae.

Electronic Resource

1432-1831

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Lipid A (LA), ketodeoxyoctonate (KDO) and lipoteichoic acids (LTA) were used to produce homologous polyclonal antibodies. These haptens were administered to rabbits in differing immunogenic forms, using multiple intradermal and intraperitoneal injections with complete Freund adjuvant. Booster injections were either made intradermally with incomplete Freund adjuvant or intravenously in saline. The immune-response was monitored regularly with an enzyme-immunoassay. Lipid A and KDO covalently linked to bovine serum albumin (BSA), with hapten densities per BSA molecule of 17 and 9, respectively, produced nondetectable immune-response. Acid-hydrolysed and intact cells of Salmonella minnesota Re 595 used as LA and KDO immunogens, respectively, produced significant immune-response when administered intradermally or intraperitoneally. Good immune-response was obtained with LTA covalently linked to BAS. However, a better result was obtained with crude LTA, containing 21.5% proteins. Generally, the lengthy immunization schedules used produced IgG antibodies to the antigens and the highest reciprocal titres attained were 75,000, 55,000 and 150,000 for LA, KDO and LTA, respectively. Meaningful expression of antisera titres by enzyme-immunoassay is discussed. We defined titre as the reciprocal antiserum dilution of the intercept of the mid-point on the linear section ending at 0.2 absorbance on the antiserum dilution curve.

Electronic Resource

1435-4373

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract  In order to investigate the epidemiology of colonization and possible transmission of yeasts among patients and healthcare workers in adult intensive care units (ICUs), 194 patients were followed for a mean of 9±11 days and 63 healthcare workers were followed for a mean of 132±52 days. Among the patients, 142 (73%) were colonized by yeast, with Candida albicans being the species most commonly recovered. Most patients (65%) were already colonized with yeast upon admission to the intensive care unit; only 17% became colonized after admission. Persistent colonization occurred in 51 (55%) of 92 patients who had more than three cultures performed; in 75% of them, colonization persisted with the same strain of Candida albicans or Candida glabrata. Bacterial infection in the month preceding entry into the ICU was the only risk factor significantly associated with yeast colonization. Among the healthcare workers, yeasts were isolated from 42 (67%). Candida albicans was most frequently recovered from the oropharynx (19% of occasions), and Candida parapsilosis was most frequently found on hands (8% of occasions). Persistent colonization of the oropharynx occurred in only six healthcare workers, and none had persistence of yeasts on hands. In this non-outbreak setting, 5 (4%) of 123 patient/healthcare worker interactions that were linked epidemiologically yielded the same strain of Candida albicans, providing evidence for possible cross-transmission. No similar link was found between healthcare worker-patient interactions and colonization with Candida glabrata or Candida parapsilosis.

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