Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:M. Ireland)

2014-11-05

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

2018-04-24

The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

0019-9567

1098-5522

Medicine

1749-6632

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

1365-2214

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Psychology

Background  The choice of informant is a critical piece in the identification of psychosocial problems in youth. While many behavioural measures have been adapted to include information from multiple sources, in the case of parents and youth, poor agreement has been found. Our study purpose was to identify youth and parent factors associated with whether the youth agrees with a positive parent-completed screen of youth psychosocial problems.Methods  Parents of youth aged 10–15 years who were seen for a medical visit at eight clinics completed the 17-item Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17). Youth scoring positive on the screen and their parents/guardians were interviewed by telephone after the visit (n = 145). We conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses to identify parent characteristics and child factors associated with whether the youth agrees with the positive parent-completed screen.Results  Fifty per cent of youth participants agreed with their parent on a positive parent-completed PSC-17 based on their completion of the Y-PSC-17 as a self-report measure. Youth who reported a positive Y-PSC-17 in agreement with their parent were twice as likely to meet diagnostic cut-offs on sub-scales of anxiety/depression and aggression on the Child Behaviour Checklist (P 〈 0.01 and P 〈 0.05 respectively), reported lower parent–child connectedness (P 〈 0.01) and their parents reported more anger/frustration (P 〈 0.05) than youth who disagreed with the positive parent-completed screen. Most of these associations remained significant when controlling for the other factors and demographic characteristics in multivariate analysis.Conclusions  Findings indicate that when the youth agrees with a positive parent-completed PSC-17, there is higher parent frustration, lower parent–child connectedness, and the youth is more likely to have a diagnosis of an emotional or behavioural disorder. Thus, when possible, the use of both parent and youth as informants provides necessary information in formulating a comprehensive treatment strategy to address the psychosocial needs of youth.

Electronic Resource

0022-0485

Economics

1432-1998

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract We report two cases sof a platyspondylic lethal osteochondrodysplasia in siblings. The condition affects predominantly the metaphyses of the axial skeleton associated with limb shortening and mild platyspondyly. The radiological and pathological features correlate very closely with Sedaghatian's lethal metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, which has previously been described only in Iranian Nationals. Both the radiological and pathological appearances will be described, together with a discussion of the differential diagnosis, the genetical implications and a review of literature.

Electronic Resource

1420-9071

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary An apparatus and method are described which facilitate the rapid and accurate visual relocation of specified areas within ordinary, circular, plastic petri-dishes.

Electronic Resource

1432-119X

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary Control individuals contained no lead in the chloragocytes but high α-glycogen rosette reserves. Starvation of contaminated earthworms for 4d caused a lead loss and the chloragocytes possessed fewer debris vesicles than those of unstarved worms, suggesting that the debris vesicles may be the route for at least some of the lead loss. No glycogen deposits were observed in the chloragocytes of starved or unstarved earthworms from contaminated soil. Maintenance of contaminated earthworms in potting compost caused lead losses similar to those sustained by starvation, but the chloragocyte cytoplasm possessed β-glycogen reserves. Specimens maintained in lead-spiked potting compost showed lead levels similar to those of earthworms taken directly from contaminated soil. No β-glycogen accumulations were observed under this enriched regime. Although the possible interference of lead in carbohydrate metabolism is discussed, the results do not wholly support metabolic inhibition by lead. It is hypothesised that lead sequestration is energy-demanding and that in the absence of an energy-rich diet glycogen stores fail to accumulate. In the presence of an organic-rich medium, elevated lead levels preclude glycogen formation, because of the high sequestration-demand, but at lower lead levels β-glycogen deposits occur if a high organic diet is available.

Electronic Resource

1432-119X

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary The lead content of whole earthworms, highest in contaminated site specimens, was significantly higher inDendrobaena rubida thanLubricus rubellus and a species difference in zinc was also recorded. Selective feeding and differential absorption are discounted and a species difference in maximum tolerance to body lead is suggested. Copper was low in all specimens. Chloragocytes and intestinal tissue showed significantly higher lead levels in contaminated earthworms than in control material. Ultrastructurally, chlorgocytes from contaminated earthworms showed electron dense flecks associated with the chroragosome peripheries and within the debis vesicles. Very fine flecks occurred in the nuclei, but mitochondria and Golgi were indistinguishable from control material. Preliminary X-ray microanalysis of contaminated chloragocytes revealed lead and phosphorus. The deposits within the chloragocytes might represent unbound lead precipitated by phosphate buffer; flecks being absent from contaminated, citrate buffered material and from control material. The chloragosomes are proposed as possible sites for sequestered lead. Chloragocyte and intestinal glycogen levels were significantly higher in control material where the chloragocyte cytoplasm was rich in α-glycogen rosettes, these being absent from lead contaminated cells. The glycogen-lead correlation suggests that the metabolism of contaminated chloragocytes is directed towards lead sequestration, though differing nutritional states cannot be ignored.

Electronic Resource

1432-119X

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary Toads pretreated for 2 months on either a dark or a light background were then exposed to lead nitrate at 50 ppm lead for 21 days, the illumination regimes being maintained. Metal analysis of dorsal skin showed significantly higher lead levels (p〈0.01) in dark-adapted toads. No precipitated lead deposits were observed at the ultrastructural level, necessitating X-ray microanalysis of sections containing melanophores, gland cells and general (non-melanophore) cytoplasm. Analysis showed the lead to be concentrated within the melanosomes of the melanophores, and to be significantly higher (p〈0.01) in individual melanosomes of dark-adapted toads than in light-adapted ones. Copper was also found to be concentrated in the melanosomes and was higher (p〈0.01) in the melanosomes of the dark-adapted toads. The results are consistent with the known affinity of melanin for heavy metals and the documented increase in melanophore number under prolonged dark background regimes. Since all toads received the same lead exposure, the melanosome results give rise to speculation that higher melanin levels might occur in individual melanosomes of dark-adapted skin.

Electronic Resource

1432-1203

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Abstract. We have determined the genomic organisation of the human chordin gene, CHRD, and have shown that it maps within a gene cluster at 3q27 containing THPO (thrombopoietin), CLCN2 (a voltage-gated chloride-channel gene) and EIF4G1 (a eukaryotic translation-initiation-factor-gamma gene). The CHRD and THPO genes are very close neighbours and are transcribed from opposing DNA strands from promoters that are spaced less than 2 kb apart. We considered that the CHRD gene and the chordin-regulating GSC (goosecoid) gene could be candidate genes for Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CDLS), a developmental malformation syndrome which is primarily characterised by mental handicap, growth retardation, distinctive facial features and limb-reduction defects. CDLS patients typically occur as sporadic cases, but several reports have suggested dominant inheritance. The candidacy of the CHRD and GSC genes was supported by several lines of evidence: prior evidence for a CDLS gene at 3q26.3–q27; a report suggesting a significant association between CDLS and thrombocytopenia; suspected genetic heterogeneity in CDLS; location of the GSC gene in close proximity to a 14q32 breakpoint detected in a CDLS patient with a balanced de novo translocation; known regulation of chordin expression by goosecoid; and the pattern of embryonic expression of the mouse GSC gene. Another candidate gene at 3q27, SOX2, was also considered because of its suspected role as a transcription factor in early development and because of known examples of SOX genes that are loci for dominantly inherited developmental disorders. However, mutation screening failed to identify CDLS patient-specific mutations in CHRD, GSC or SOX2.

Electronic Resource

1573-6865

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary The cytochemical localization of the lysosomal marker enzyme acid phosphatase was studied in the chloragogenous tissue of earthworms. The Gomori lead technique and the cerium capture technique were utilized. Both techniques demonstrated the chloragosomal location of this enzyme. Only a small proportion of chloragosomes presented reactivity, which suggests that these organelles are distinctly heterogeneous. The reaction product was localized in the periphery of chloragosomes, suggesting a membrane-bound compartmentalization of acid phosphatase. In addition, degenerating mitochondria and membrane whorls were observed in some chloragosomes, indicating the possibility that these organelles perform autophagosomal functions.

Electronic Resource

1573-6865

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effects of the exposure to a sublethal concentration (500 p.p.m.) of lead on the ultrastructure and acid phosphatase compartmentalization of the chloragogenous tissue of earthworms,Eisenia foetida. For the cytochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase activity, lead and cerium were used as capturing agents. In both cases there was a change in the compartmentalization of acid phosphatase, the enzyme activity being localized within the chloragosomes in controls, but distributed throughout the cytosol in treated animals. In addition, acid phosphatase activity increased following lead exposure. At the ultrastructural level, disruption of the chloragosomal membranes, an increase in chloragosomal fusion processes and vesiculation of the cytoplasm were evident. Moreover, an enhanced release of chloragosomes to the extracellular space was found in lead-exposed worms.

Electronic Resource

1573-6865

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effects of the exposure to a sublethal concentration (500 p.p.m.) of lead on the ultrastructure and acid phosphatase compartmentalization of the chloragogenous tissue of earthworms, Eisenia foetida. For the cytochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase activity, lead and cerium were used as capturing agents. In both cases there was a change in the compartmentalization of acid phosphatase, the enzyme activity being localized within the chloragosomes in controls, but distributed throughout the cytosol in treated animals. In addition, acid phosphatase activity increased following lead exposure. At the ultrastructural level, disruption of the chloragosomal membranes, an increase in chloragosomal fusion processes and vesiculation of the cytoplasm were evident. Moreover, an enhanced release of chloragosomes to the extracellular space was found in lead-exposed worms.

Electronic Resource

1573-6865

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary The cytochemical localization of the lysosomal marker enzyme acid phosphatase was studied in the chloragogenous tissue of earthworms. The Gomori lead technique and the cerium capture technique were utilized. Both techniques demonstrated the chloragosomal location of this enzyme. Only a small proportion of chloragosomes presented reactivity, which suggests that these organelles are distinctly heterogeneous. The reaction product was localized in the periphery of chloragosomes, suggesting a membrane-bound compartmentalization of acid phosphatase. In addition, degenerating mitochondria and membrane whorls were observed in some chloragosomes, indicating the possibility that these organelles perform autophagosomal functions.

Electronic Resource

0941-1216

Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Electronic Resource