Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:M. E. Goddard)

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  1. 1
    A. E. Locke ; B. Kahali ; S. I. Berndt ; A. E. Justice ; T. H. Pers ; F. R. Day ; C. Powell ; S. Vedantam ; M. L. Buchkovich ; J. Yang ; D. C. Croteau-Chonka ; T. Esko ; T. Fall ; T. Ferreira ; S. Gustafsson ; Z. Kutalik ; J. Luan ; R. Magi ; J. C. Randall ; T. W. Winkler ; A. R. Wood ; T. Workalemahu ; J. D. Faul ; J. A. Smith ; J. Hua Zhao ; W. Zhao ; J. Chen ; R. Fehrmann ; A. K. Hedman ; J. Karjalainen ; E. M. Schmidt ; D. Absher ; N. Amin ; D. Anderson ; M. Beekman ; J. L. Bolton ; J. L. Bragg-Gresham ; S. Buyske ; A. Demirkan ; G. Deng ; G. B. Ehret ; B. Feenstra ; M. F. Feitosa ; K. Fischer ; A. Goel ; J. Gong ; A. U. Jackson ; S. Kanoni ; M. E. Kleber ; K. Kristiansson ; U. Lim ; V. Lotay ; M. Mangino ; I. Mateo Leach ; C. Medina-Gomez ; S. E. Medland ; M. A. Nalls ; C. D. Palmer ; D. Pasko ; S. Pechlivanis ; M. J. Peters ; I. Prokopenko ; D. Shungin ; A. Stancakova ; R. J. Strawbridge ; Y. Ju Sung ; T. Tanaka ; A. Teumer ; S. Trompet ; S. W. van der Laan ; J. van Setten ; J. V. Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk ; Z. Wang ; L. Yengo ; W. Zhang ; A. Isaacs ; E. Albrecht ; J. Arnlov ; G. M. Arscott ; A. P. Attwood ; S. Bandinelli ; A. Barrett ; I. N. Bas ; C. Bellis ; A. J. Bennett ; C. Berne ; R. Blagieva ; M. Bluher ; S. Bohringer ; L. L. Bonnycastle ; Y. Bottcher ; H. A. Boyd ; M. Bruinenberg ; I. H. Caspersen ; Y. D. Ida Chen ; R. Clarke ; E. W. Daw ; A. J. de Craen ; G. Delgado ; M. Dimitriou ; A. S. Doney ; N. Eklund ; K. Estrada ; E. Eury ; L. Folkersen ; R. M. Fraser ; M. E. Garcia ; F. Geller ; V. Giedraitis ; B. Gigante ; A. S. Go ; A. Golay ; A. H. Goodall ; S. D. Gordon ; M. Gorski ; H. J. Grabe ; H. Grallert ; T. B. Grammer ; J. Grassler ; H. Gronberg ; C. J. Groves ; G. Gusto ; J. Haessler ; P. Hall ; T. Haller ; G. Hallmans ; C. A. Hartman ; M. Hassinen ; C. Hayward ; N. L. Heard-Costa ; Q. Helmer ; C. Hengstenberg ; O. Holmen ; J. J. Hottenga ; A. L. James ; J. M. Jeff ; A. Johansson ; J. Jolley ; T. Juliusdottir ; L. Kinnunen ; W. Koenig ; M. Koskenvuo ; W. Kratzer ; J. Laitinen ; C. Lamina ; K. Leander ; N. R. Lee ; P. Lichtner ; L. Lind ; J. Lindstrom ; K. Sin Lo ; S. Lobbens ; R. Lorbeer ; Y. Lu ; F. Mach ; P. K. Magnusson ; A. Mahajan ; W. L. McArdle ; S. McLachlan ; C. Menni ; S. Merger ; E. Mihailov ; L. Milani ; A. Moayyeri ; K. L. Monda ; M. A. Morken ; A. Mulas ; G. Muller ; M. Muller-Nurasyid ; A. W. Musk ; R. Nagaraja ; M. M. Nothen ; I. M. Nolte ; S. Pilz ; N. W. Rayner ; F. Renstrom ; R. Rettig ; J. S. Ried ; S. Ripke ; N. R. Robertson ; L. M. Rose ; S. Sanna ; H. Scharnagl ; S. Scholtens ; F. R. Schumacher ; W. R. Scott ; T. Seufferlein ; J. Shi ; A. Vernon Smith ; J. Smolonska ; A. V. Stanton ; V. Steinthorsdottir ; K. Stirrups ; H. M. Stringham ; J. Sundstrom ; M. A. Swertz ; A. J. Swift ; A. C. Syvanen ; S. T. Tan ; B. O. Tayo ; B. Thorand ; G. Thorleifsson ; J. P. Tyrer ; H. W. Uh ; L. Vandenput ; F. C. Verhulst ; S. H. Vermeulen ; N. Verweij ; J. M. Vonk ; L. L. Waite ; H. R. Warren ; D. Waterworth ; M. N. Weedon ; L. R. Wilkens ; C. Willenborg ; T. Wilsgaard ; M. K. Wojczynski ; A. Wong ; A. F. Wright ; Q. Zhang ; E. P. Brennan ; M. Choi ; Z. Dastani ; A. W. Drong ; P. Eriksson ; A. Franco-Cereceda ; J. R. Gadin ; A. G. Gharavi ; M. E. Goddard ; R. E. Handsaker ; J. Huang ; F. Karpe ; S. Kathiresan ; S. Keildson ; K. Kiryluk ; M. Kubo ; J. Y. Lee ; L. Liang ; R. P. Lifton ; B. Ma ; S. A. McCarroll ; A. J. McKnight ; J. L. Min ; M. F. Moffatt ; G. W. Montgomery ; J. M. Murabito ; G. Nicholson ; D. R. Nyholt ; Y. Okada ; J. R. Perry ; R. Dorajoo ; E. Reinmaa ; R. M. Salem ; N. Sandholm ; R. A. Scott ; L. Stolk ; A. Takahashi ; F. M. Van't Hooft ; A. A. Vinkhuyzen ; H. J. Westra ; W. Zheng ; K. T. Zondervan ; A. C. Heath ; D. Arveiler ; S. J. Bakker ; J. Beilby ; R. N. Bergman ; J. Blangero ; P. Bovet ; H. Campbell ; M. J. Caulfield ; G. Cesana ; A. Chakravarti ; D. I. Chasman ; P. S. Chines ; F. S. Collins ; D. C. Crawford ; L. A. Cupples ; D. Cusi ; J. Danesh ; U. de Faire ; H. M. den Ruijter ; A. F. Dominiczak ; R. Erbel ; J. Erdmann ; J. G. Eriksson ; M. Farrall ; S. B. Felix ; E. Ferrannini ; J. Ferrieres ; I. Ford ; N. G. Forouhi ; T. Forrester ; O. H. Franco ; R. T. Gansevoort ; P. V. Gejman ; C. Gieger ; O. Gottesman ; V. Gudnason ; U. Gyllensten ; A. S. Hall ; T. B. Harris ; A. T. Hattersley ; A. A. Hicks ; L. A. Hindorff ; A. D. Hingorani ; A. Hofman ; G. Homuth ; G. K. Hovingh ; S. E. Humphries ; S. C. Hunt ; E. Hypponen ; T. Illig ; K. B. Jacobs ; M. R. Jarvelin ; K. H. Jockel ; B. Johansen ; P. Jousilahti ; J. W. Jukema ; A. M. Jula ; J. Kaprio ; J. J. Kastelein ; S. M. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi ; L. A. Kiemeney ; P. Knekt ; J. S. Kooner ; C. Kooperberg ; P. Kovacs ; A. T. Kraja ; M. Kumari ; J. Kuusisto ; T. A. Lakka ; C. Langenberg ; L. Le Marchand ; T. Lehtimaki ; V. Lyssenko ; S. Mannisto ; A. Marette ; T. C. Matise ; C. A. McKenzie ; B. McKnight ; F. L. Moll ; A. D. Morris ; A. P. Morris ; J. C. Murray ; M. Nelis ; C. Ohlsson ; A. J. Oldehinkel ; K. K. Ong ; P. A. Madden ; G. Pasterkamp ; J. F. Peden ; A. Peters ; D. S. Postma ; P. P. Pramstaller ; J. F. Price ; L. Qi ; O. T. Raitakari ; T. Rankinen ; D. C. Rao ; T. K. Rice ; P. M. Ridker ; J. D. Rioux ; M. D. Ritchie ; I. Rudan ; V. Salomaa ; N. J. Samani ; J. Saramies ; M. A. Sarzynski ; H. Schunkert ; P. E. Schwarz ; P. Sever ; A. R. Shuldiner ; J. Sinisalo ; R. P. Stolk ; K. Strauch ; A. Tonjes ; D. A. Tregouet ; A. Tremblay ; E. Tremoli ; J. Virtamo ; M. C. Vohl ; U. Volker ; G. Waeber ; G. Willemsen ; J. C. Witteman ; M. C. Zillikens ; L. S. Adair ; P. Amouyel ; F. W. Asselbergs ; T. L. Assimes ; M. Bochud ; B. O. Boehm ; E. Boerwinkle ; S. R. Bornstein ; E. P. Bottinger ; C. Bouchard ; S. Cauchi ; J. C. Chambers ; S. J. Chanock ; R. S. Cooper ; P. I. de Bakker ; G. Dedoussis ; L. Ferrucci ; P. W. Franks ; P. Froguel ; L. C. Groop ; C. A. Haiman ; A. Hamsten ; J. Hui ; D. J. Hunter ; K. Hveem ; R. C. Kaplan ; M. Kivimaki ; D. Kuh ; M. Laakso ; Y. Liu ; N. G. Martin ; W. Marz ; M. Melbye ; A. Metspalu ; S. Moebus ; P. B. Munroe ; I. Njolstad ; B. A. Oostra ; C. N. Palmer ; N. L. Pedersen ; M. Perola ; L. Perusse ; U. Peters ; C. Power ; T. Quertermous ; R. Rauramaa ; F. Rivadeneira ; T. E. Saaristo ; D. Saleheen ; N. Sattar ; E. E. Schadt ; D. Schlessinger ; P. E. Slagboom ; H. Snieder ; T. D. Spector ; U. Thorsteinsdottir ; M. Stumvoll ; J. Tuomilehto ; A. G. Uitterlinden ; M. Uusitupa ; P. van der Harst ; M. Walker ; H. Wallaschofski ; N. J. Wareham ; H. Watkins ; D. R. Weir ; H. E. Wichmann ; J. F. Wilson ; P. Zanen ; I. B. Borecki ; P. Deloukas ; C. S. Fox ; I. M. Heid ; J. R. O'Connell ; D. P. Strachan ; K. Stefansson ; C. M. van Duijn ; G. R. Abecasis ; L. Franke ; T. M. Frayling ; M. I. McCarthy ; P. M. Visscher ; A. Scherag ; C. J. Willer ; M. Boehnke ; K. L. Mohlke ; C. M. Lindgren ; J. S. Beckmann ; I. Barroso ; K. E. North ; E. Ingelsson ; J. N. Hirschhorn ; R. J. Loos ; E. K. Speliotes
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Published 2015
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    Publication Date:
    2015-02-13
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Adipogenesis/genetics ; Adiposity/genetics ; Age Factors ; *Body Mass Index ; Continental Population Groups/genetics ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Europe/ethnology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; *Genome-Wide Association Study ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism/secretion ; Male ; Obesity/*genetics/*metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics ; Synapses/metabolism
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  2. 2
    J. Yang ; R. J. Loos ; J. E. Powell ; S. E. Medland ; E. K. Speliotes ; D. I. Chasman ; L. M. Rose ; G. Thorleifsson ; V. Steinthorsdottir ; R. Magi ; L. Waite ; A. V. Smith ; L. M. Yerges-Armstrong ; K. L. Monda ; D. Hadley ; A. Mahajan ; G. Li ; K. Kapur ; V. Vitart ; J. E. Huffman ; S. R. Wang ; C. Palmer ; T. Esko ; K. Fischer ; J. H. Zhao ; A. Demirkan ; A. Isaacs ; M. F. Feitosa ; J. Luan ; N. L. Heard-Costa ; C. White ; A. U. Jackson ; M. Preuss ; A. Ziegler ; J. Eriksson ; Z. Kutalik ; F. Frau ; I. M. Nolte ; J. V. Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk ; J. J. Hottenga ; K. B. Jacobs ; N. Verweij ; A. Goel ; C. Medina-Gomez ; K. Estrada ; J. L. Bragg-Gresham ; S. Sanna ; C. Sidore ; J. Tyrer ; A. Teumer ; I. Prokopenko ; M. Mangino ; C. M. Lindgren ; T. L. Assimes ; A. R. Shuldiner ; J. Hui ; J. P. Beilby ; W. L. McArdle ; P. Hall ; T. Haritunians ; L. Zgaga ; I. Kolcic ; O. Polasek ; T. Zemunik ; B. A. Oostra ; M. J. Junttila ; H. Gronberg ; S. Schreiber ; A. Peters ; A. A. Hicks ; J. Stephens ; N. S. Foad ; J. Laitinen ; A. Pouta ; M. Kaakinen ; G. Willemsen ; J. M. Vink ; S. H. Wild ; G. Navis ; F. W. Asselbergs ; G. Homuth ; U. John ; C. Iribarren ; T. Harris ; L. Launer ; V. Gudnason ; J. R. O'Connell ; E. Boerwinkle ; G. Cadby ; L. J. Palmer ; A. L. James ; A. W. Musk ; E. Ingelsson ; B. M. Psaty ; J. S. Beckmann ; G. Waeber ; P. Vollenweider ; C. Hayward ; A. F. Wright ; I. Rudan ; L. C. Groop ; A. Metspalu ; K. T. Khaw ; C. M. van Duijn ; I. B. Borecki ; M. A. Province ; N. J. Wareham ; J. C. Tardif ; H. V. Huikuri ; L. A. Cupples ; L. D. Atwood ; C. S. Fox ; M. Boehnke ; F. S. Collins ; K. L. Mohlke ; J. Erdmann ; H. Schunkert ; C. Hengstenberg ; K. Stark ; M. Lorentzon ; C. Ohlsson ; D. Cusi ; J. A. Staessen ; M. M. Van der Klauw ; P. P. Pramstaller ; S. Kathiresan ; J. D. Jolley ; S. Ripatti ; M. R. Jarvelin ; E. J. de Geus ; D. I. Boomsma ; B. Penninx ; J. F. Wilson ; H. Campbell ; S. J. Chanock ; P. van der Harst ; A. Hamsten ; H. Watkins ; A. Hofman ; J. C. Witteman ; M. C. Zillikens ; A. G. Uitterlinden ; F. Rivadeneira ; L. A. Kiemeney ; S. H. Vermeulen ; G. R. Abecasis ; D. Schlessinger ; S. Schipf ; M. Stumvoll ; A. Tonjes ; T. D. Spector ; K. E. North ; G. Lettre ; M. I. McCarthy ; S. I. Berndt ; A. C. Heath ; P. A. Madden ; D. R. Nyholt ; G. W. Montgomery ; N. G. Martin ; B. McKnight ; D. P. Strachan ; W. G. Hill ; H. Snieder ; P. M. Ridker ; U. Thorsteinsdottir ; K. Stefansson ; T. M. Frayling ; J. N. Hirschhorn ; M. E. Goddard ; P. M. Visscher
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Published 2012
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    Publication Date:
    2012-09-18
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Body Height/genetics ; *Body Mass Index ; Co-Repressor Proteins ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; *Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteins/*genetics ; Repressor Proteins/genetics
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  3. 3
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2012-01-20
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Aged ; Aging/*genetics/physiology/*psychology ; Child ; Cognition/physiology ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Intelligence/*genetics/*physiology ; Intelligence Tests ; Models, Genetic ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  4. 4
    Goddard, M. E. ; Beilharz, R. G.
    Springer
    Published 1985
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1573-3297
    Keywords:
    fearfulness ; guide dogs ; discriminant functions ; heterosis ; heritability
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Biology
    Psychology
    Notes:
    Abstract Fearfulness is the most common reason causing dogs to be unsuitable for training as guide dogs. We have carried out a diallel cross using four breeds of dog—Labrador, German shepherd, boxer, and kelpie—and recorded 38 measures of fearfulness. The variation between litters was described by three discriminant functions. One function, which measured general fearfulness, showed significant genetic variation but no nongenetic between-litter variation. The other two functions showed a mixture of genetic and environmental variation. Of the three functions, only general fearfulness affected a dog's suitability as a guide dog. Labradors were the least fearful and German shepherd dogs the most fearful of the four breeds. There was no heterosis for general fearfulness, but there was significant within-breed genetic variation, implying that fearfulness could best be reduced by a selection program among Labradors. Optimum methods of selecting against general fearfulness are discussed.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01071933

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  5. 5
    Ehiobu, N. G. ; Goddard, M. E. ; Taylor, J. F.
    Springer
    Published 1989
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-2242
    Keywords:
    Inbreeding depression ; Drosophila ; Natural selection
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Biology
    Notes:
    Summary This experiment was designed to study the relationship between rate of inbreeding and observed inbreeding depression of larval viability, adult fecundity and cold shock mortality in Drosophila melanogaster. Rates of inbreeding used were full-sib mating and closed lines of N=4 and N=20. Eight generations of mating in the N=20 lines, three generations in the N=4 lines and one generation of full-sib mating were synchronised to simultaneously produce individuals with an expected level of inbreeding coefficient (F) of approximately 0.25. Inbreeding depression for the three traits was significant at F=0.25. N=20 lines showed significantly less inbreeding depression than full-sib mated lines for larval viability at approximately the same level of F. A similar trend was observed for fecundity. No effect of rate of inbreeding depression was found for cold shock mortality, but this trait was measured with less precision than the other two. Natural selection acting on loci influencing larval viability and fecundity during the process of inbreeding could explain these results. Selection is expected to be more effective with slow rates of inbreeding because there are more generations and greater opportunity for selection to act before F=0.25 is reached. Selection intensities seem to have been different in the three traits measured. Selection was most intense for larval viability, less intense for fecundity and, perhaps, negligible at loci influencing cold shock mortality.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292326

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  6. 6
    Goddard, M. E.
    Springer
    Published 1992
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-2242
    Keywords:
    Genetic marker ; Mixed models ; BLUP
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Biology
    Notes:
    Summary Data on a genetic marker linked to a gene affecting an important trait could help us to estimate breeding values for that trait more accurately. The accuracy is enhanced if many genetic markers are used and if important genes are bracketed by two markers. A mixed model for analysis of this type of data is presented. The model is appropriate for an arbitrary pedigree structure in an outbreeding species. It uses a “relationship” matrix among marked chromosome segments or QTL alleles. By using an analysis analogous to a reduced animal model, the number of effects to be estimated can be greatly reduced. A grouping strategy that can account for crossbreeding and linkage disequilibrium between markers and QTL alleles is included in the model. For analyses of a cross between inbred lines the model can be simplified. This simplification shows clearly the relationship of the mixed model analyses to multiple regression models used previously. The simplified model may also be useful for some experiments in outbreeding populations.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226711

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  7. 7
    Goddard, M. E. ; Beilharz, R. G.
    Springer
    Published 1982
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-2242
    Keywords:
    Guide dogs ; Behaviour ; Genetics
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Biology
    Notes:
    Summary Many dogs are found to be unsuitable for training as guide dogs for the blind. Consequently the Royal Guide Dogs for the Blind Association of Australia has embarked on a breeding program to produce a strain of labrador dogs which is suitable for guide dog training. The most common reasons for rejecting dogs are fearfulness, dog distraction, excitability, health and physical reasons and hip dysplasia. The selection program seems to have been successful in improving the success rate mainly by lowering fearfulness, but there has not been a continuing improvement. This is probably due to continual introduction of dogs from other populations into the breeding program. Males suffer from a higher rejection rate due to dog distraction and a lower rejection rate due to fearfulness and excitability than females, so that there is little sex difference in overall success rate. The heritability of success (0.44) is high enough to predict further progress from selection, again mainly against fearfulness. Variation in environment prior to 6 weeks of age, in age when dogs were placed into a private home and in age when males were castrated, had little effect on the success rate.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293339

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  8. 8
    Ehiobu, N. G. ; Goddard, M. E. ; Taylor, J. F.
    Springer
    Published 1990
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-2242
    Keywords:
    Heterosis ; Genetic distance ; Drosophila ; Inbreeding
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Biology
    Notes:
    Summary The aim of the experiment was to determine if the estimated genetic distance between two populations could be used to predict the amount of heterosis that would occur when they were crossed. Eight lines of known relatedness to each other were produced by eight generations of sib mating and sub-lining. This produced lines that varied in coefficient of coancestry from zero to 0.78. Fourteen reciprocal crosses of these lines were used to measure heterosis for larval viability and adult fecundity. Gene frequencies at six polymorphic enzyme loci were used to estimate the genetic distances between lines, which were then compared with the known degrees of coancestry. The estimated genetic differences were poorly correlated with the known coancestry coefficients (r=0.4), possibly due to the small number of loci typed. Also genetic distances were only about 1/3 of what was expected. Selection acting on blocks of genes linked to the enzyme loci probably prevented the expected increase in homozygosity. Coancestry coefficient was correlated with heterosis (r=0.44–0.71). This level of correlation implied differences in heterosis among parent lines with the same level of coancestry. This variability is expected if a small number of loci explain most of the heterosis. The average level of heterosis was less than expected after eight generations of sib mating. This is most likely due to selection opposing the increase in homozygosity caused by inbreeding. The combination of these two imperfect correlations resulted in no significant correlation between genetic distance estimated from markers and heterosis.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210066

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  9. 9
    Ehiobu, N. G. ; Goddard, M. E.
    Springer
    Published 1990
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-2242
    Keywords:
    Heterosis ; Genetic distance ; Drosophila
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Biology
    Notes:
    Summary An experiment was performed to test the hypothesis that the genetic distance between populations estimated from enzyme loci could be used to predict the amount of heterosis that would occur in crosses between these populations. A partial diallel cross using 11 populations of Drosophila melanogaster from the AustralianPacific region and from England was carried out. Heterosis for larval viability, fecundity, cold shock mortality, and an index of these three traits was recorded. When two populations originating from the same location were crossed, no heterosis occurred, but otherwise heterosis was significant for all traits. For larval viability, a similar low level of heterosis occurred in all crosses. For cold shock mortality, the level of heterosis varied widely and fecundity showed a pattern intermediate between these two. The geographic distance between the sites from which populations originated was not correlated with the amount of heterosis in their crosses. There was a tendency for populations from ecologically different environments to show heterosis in crosses. Genetic distance based on ten enzyme loci was correlated with heterosis for cold shock mortality and the combined trait index. These results can be explained by the hypothesis that genes affecting larval viability are subject to strong, uniform selection in all populations, which limits the extent to which gene frequencies can drift apart. However, genes affecting cold shock mortality and the enzyme loci are subject to different selection pressures in different environments. This divergent selection combined with genetic drift causes divergence in gene frequency and heterosis.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226762

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  10. 10
    Goddard, M. E.
    Springer
    Published 1983
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-2242
    Keywords:
    Selection index ; Profit function
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Biology
    Notes:
    Summary Conventional selection index theory assumes that the total merit or profitability of animals is a linear function of measurable traits. However, in many cases merit may be a non-linear function of these traits. A linear selection index can still be used in this situation but the optimum index depends on the selection intensity to be used and on the number of generation over which the selection response is to be maximized. Nonlinear selection indices have been suggested but these result in a lower selection response than the best linear index. Linear selection indices suggested in the past are shown to correspond to the optimum linear index for either a very small selection response or, in the case of restricted indices, a very large selection response. The economic value of a trait may depend on management decisions taken by the farmer. In this situation the economic values should be calculated assuming that the management decisions taken maximize profit given the present genetic value of the animals.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274177

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  11. 11
    Ehiobu, N. G. ; Goddard, M. E.
    Springer
    Published 1989
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-2242
    Keywords:
    Heterosis ; Selection ; Drosophila ; Genotype x environment
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Biology
    Notes:
    Summary Experiments were designed to examine whether heterosis would occur in crosses of Drosophila melanogaster populations adapted to 18 °C or 28 °C environments. Crosses were examined in parental environments, an intermediate environment (23 °C) and a mixed environment (alternating 18°/28°C). Parental populations did not show divergence for larval viability, cold shock or high temperature mortalities when tested in a common environment. However, the 28 °C population was less fecund than the 18 °C population, but had higher larval competitive ability and higher adult longevity. Heterosis for viability, cold shock mortality and high temperature mortality occurred in crosses between a population adapted to 18 °C and another adapted to 28 °C, but not in crosses between two populations adapted to the same temperature. The results suggest that, in the absence of drift, heterosis is expected in crosses between lines or populations with different histories of selection but not between lines with the same selection histories.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266195

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  12. 12
    Lemerle, C. ; Goddard, M. E.
    Springer
    Published 1986
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1573-7438
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents:
    Résumé Dans les régions basses et d’altitude de la Papousie-Nouvelle Guinée, on a examiné les effets de la race (Frison, AIS, Sindi-Sahiwal et Jersey), la période du jour (matinée, après-midi), la saison de l’année (chaud ou frais) sur la température rectale, le pouls et le rythme respiratoire. Deux types de variation ont été enregistrés. Les variations de vache à vache ont servi de base pour la comparaison des sites, des saisons et des races. Les variations journalières ont été utulisées pour apprécier l’effet des températures environnantes sur les paramètres des animaux. Le rythme respiratoire et la température rectale semblent être des indicateurs plus sensibles du stress thermique que le pouls. Sur la base de ces critères, le climat d’altitude est plus indiqué pour le bétail laitier. Les jerseyaises et les sahiwals ont montré des rythmes respiratoires inférieurs à ceux des Frisonnes et des AIS; l’augmentation de leur température rectale diurne a été inférieure à celle des deux autres races, sans être pour cela significative. Les relations entre les rythmes repiratoires et le pouls sont discutées.
    Abstract:
    Resumen Se estudiaron los efectos de razas (Friesian, AIS, Sindi-Sahiwal y Jersey), hora del dia (am. vs pm.) y estación del año (caliente o fresca), sobre la temperatura rectal pulso y frecuencia respiratoria, en la zona montañosa y baja de Papua, Nueva Guinea. Se investigaron dos tipos de variables. La variable entre-vacas se tomo como base para efectuar la comparación entre sitios (alto y bajo), estación y razas. La variable entre-días se usó para determinar los efectos de la temperatura ambiental sobre parámetros animales. La frecuencia respiratoria y temperatura rectal fueron más sensitivas como indicación del estrés por calor que el pulso. Utilizando estos criterios, se demostro que la zona montañosa era más favorable que la baja para la cria de animales para la producción de leche. Las razas Jersey y Sahiwal presentaron frecuencias respiratorias más bajas que las razas Friesian y AIS y el incremento de la temperatura rectal durante el día fue menor tambien que la de las últimas razas mencionadas, sin ser significativa la diferencia. Se discute la relación entre frecuencia respiratoria y temperatura rectal.
    Notes:
    Summary The effects of breed (Friesian, AIS, Sindi-Sahiwal and Jersey), time of day (am v pm) and season of the year (hot or cool) on rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate were examined in the Highlands and Lowlands of Papua New Guinea. Two types of variation were investigated. Between-cow variation was the basis for the comparison of sites, seasons and breeds. Between-day variation was used to assess the effect of enviromental temperatures on the animal parameters. Respiration rate and rectal temperature appeared more sensitive as indicators of heat stress than pulse rate and using these criteria the highlands climate was suitable for dairy cattle. Jerseys and Sahiwals showed lower respiratory rates compared with Friesians and AIS and their increase in rectal temperature during the day was less than the other two breeds but was not significantly so. The relationships between respiration rate and rectal temperature are discussed.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02359540

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses