Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:M. Daly)

2018-08-31

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Geosciences

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Evolution, Scientific Community

2018-06-22

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Geosciences

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Genetics, Medicine, Diseases, Online Only

2018-04-17

The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

0099-2240

1098-5336

Biology

2016-01-20

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Brain/abnormalities/metabolism ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities/genetics ; Exome/genetics ; Heart Defects, Congenital/*diagnosis/*genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nervous System Malformations/*genetics ; Neurogenesis/*genetics ; Prognosis ; RNA Splicing/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic

2012-08-28

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Acetaldehyde/metabolism/toxicity ; Aging ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Aldehydes/metabolism/*toxicity ; Animals ; Bone Marrow/pathology ; DNA Damage/drug effects/genetics ; DNA Repair ; Ethanol/toxicity ; Fanconi Anemia/pathology ; Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein/deficiency/genetics ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/*drug effects/enzymology/metabolism ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Leukemia/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutagens/*toxicity

2018-08-02

The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

1078-0432

1557-3265

Medicine

2018-03-09

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Geosciences

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Cell Biology, Medicine, Diseases

2018-12-14

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Geosciences

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Development, Genetics, Neuroscience, Online Only

1525-1438

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Between May 1991 and September 1993, 36 patients with recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated with single-agent cisplatin using an intensive regimen of four weekly cycles of 50 mg m−2 followed in responders by a further four cycles given every fortnight. The response rate was 47% (95% CI: 27–66%), 56% in those with pelvic recurrence, and 38% in those with metastatic disease. All responses but one were seen within 4 weeks of commencing treatment. Three patients (9%) had a complete response, although in two cases this was of short duration. The treatment was moderately well tolerated and the principle toxicities were myelotoxicity and emesis. The median survival was 32 weeks, and the 18-month survival was 13%.This regimen gives a response rate similar to that seen with more toxic combination chemotherapy regimens such as BIP (bleomycin, ifosfamide and cisplatin). It has the particular advantages of a short duration of treatment and early response, allowing treatment to be stopped after 4 weeks in non-responders. The response rate in pelvic recurrence was better than that seen in most previous chemotherapy trials, particularly as 78% of the evaluable patients with pelvic recurrence had previously received radical radiotherapy to the pelvis.Weekly, followed by fortnightly cisplatin, is an appropriate palliative treatment for patients with recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix for whom chemotherapy is indicated.

Electronic Resource

1365-2494

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

The regrowth of Italian ryegrass was studied at weekly intervals from 2 to 14 weeks after a cut in late April when 140 kg ha-1 N was applied. Reduction in digestibility with delay in date of harvest was due to both an increase in the proportion of cell wall and a reduction in the digestibility of the cell wall, particularly the former from week 2 to about week 5 and particularly the latter after week 5. The reduction in the digestibility of the cell wall was about equally attributable to reduction in digestibility of cellulose and to reduction in digestibility of hemicellulose. The proportion of lignin in cell wall was highly correlated with both digestibility of cellulose and digestibility of hemicellulose. The proportion of digestible cell wall in dry matter was not as constant as has sometimes been noted, increasing by about 5 percentage units from week 2 to week 5 and decreasing by about 10 percentage units from week 5 to week 13. During the latter period the decline in digestible cell wall in dry matter accounted for nearly half the decline in true digestibility of dry matter. The ratio of cellulose:hemicellulose averaged 1:0.89 and hemicellulose was more digestible than cellulose. Rate of increase in yield of cell contents appeared to diminish from about the third week of regrowth onwards, whereas the rate of increase in yield of dry matter did not begin to diminish until about the seventh week. In vitro dry matter digestibility was not increased by adding extra N to the digestion tubes, even with samples containing only 1% N in dry matter.

Electronic Resource

1365-3180

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Losses in grain yield prevented by controlling weeds were measured in 59 fields of (southern hemisphere) spring-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (cv, Otane) and 45 fields of spring-sown barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (cv. Corniche) in five consecutive growing seasons from 1988/89 until 1992/93 in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. The losses were measured as the differences in yield between weeded and non-weeded plots located in randomly positioned pairs in the fields. In the first 2 years, the weeding was by push hoe in‘organically grown crops. For the last 3 years, the fields were under prophylactic herbicide regimens with nonweeded plots created by excluding commercial herbicide applications (made mostly in October for wheat and November for barley) with polyethylene sheets placed temporarily over the plots. For each season the distributions of yield losses were modelled using the normal distribution and probabilities of ‘breaking even’ on herbicide use derived by substituting cumulative probability density functions into a simple break-even model for herbicide use. The model assumed that herbicide application in the current crop has no flow-on economic effect for succeeding crops. The mean annual yield losses prevented by herbicide application were positively correlated with September and October rainfall for wheat and bailey respectively. As a consequence, the probabilities of breaking even on herbicide use increased with increasing spring rainfall. Using historical rainfall records, probabilities of breaking even were estimated for each of the 48 years from 1947 to 1994. Averaging over these years, the analysis revealed that at current grain prices prophylactic use of the commonly applied herbicides is likely to be uneconomic in 24% (95% confidence limits 6% and 50%) of fields of average-yielding Otane wheat and in 26% (95% confidence limits 1% and 91 %) of fields of average-yielding Corniche barley in Canterbury. It was concluded that there is potential for withholding herbicide treatments without jeopardizing profitability in these crops, particularly in seasons with low spring rainfall.

Electronic Resource

1365-246X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Geosciences

Electronic Resource

1440-1681

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

1. The carotid bodies were stimulated in the anaesthetized pig-tailed macaque monkey (M. nemestrina) using (i) brief injections of cyanide or CO2-equilibrated bicarbonate solution into a common carotid artery, and (ii) longer perfusion with hypoxic hypercapnic blood in vascularly isolated chemoreceptor preparations.2. In spontaneously breathing animals brief stimuli (thirty-one tests, seven monkeys) consistently increased pulmonary ventilation (by 97 ± 10% of control), slowed the heart rate (the pulse interval increasing by 36 ± 7.5%), and increased femoral vascular resistance (by 44 ± 7%).3. More sustained chemoreceptor stimulation with asphyxial blood (nineteen tests, five monkeys) increased ventilation by 187 ± 23%, but transient bradycardia occurred in only eight of nineteen tests and was followed by tachycardia; in the remaining tests, only tachycardia occurred. After 20–40 s, the pulse interval was 5.8 ± 0.9% below the control level. Femoral vascular resistance either increased (five tests, two animals) or decreased (six tests, two animals).4. Evidence is presented that in the monkey the autonomic effects of chemoreceptor stimulation are influenced by the level of respiratory activity with bradycardia and vasoconstriction occurring when the level is low, and tachycardia and vasodilatation when it is high.5. The interaction of autonomic responses resulting from carotid body stimulation and from mechanisms initiated by the concomitant hyperventilation are qualitatively similar in the monkey and in subprimate species, although there may be quantitative differences such as would account for the species differences to disturbances produced, for instance, by arterial hypoxia.

Electronic Resource

1546-170X

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Medicine

[Auszug] Germline mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 account for the majority of families with hereditary breast cancer. Among women with BRCA1 mutations, the lifetime risk of breast cancer exceeds 80%, and the risk of ovarian cancer approaches 50% (ref. 1). ...

Electronic Resource

1365-2036

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

In the prevailing climate of cost containment, doctors are increasingly expected to consider the economic consequences of treatment choices. Clinical (or medical) economics attempts to apply economic principles to the description and analysis of the costs of medical interventions, so as to identify how best to spend scarce health care resources. Such economic evaluations may assess the overall financial burden of a disease to society as a whole (macro-economics), or attempt to compare alternative treatment strategies for a specific clinical situation (micro-economics). In addition to expenditure on drugs and investigations (direct medical costs), economic studies may consider a variety of other costs. These include direct costs borne by patients (e.g. prescription charges, travel, food), indirect costs to society owing to lost productivity (resulting from morbidity or premature mortality) and even intangible costs which assign a monetary value to outcomes of disease such as pain, distress and anxiety.Four main types of economic analysis are in current use. Cost minimization analysis attempts to identify the least expensive option in situations where there are a range of equally effective treatments for a given clinical condition, whereas cost-effectiveness analysis allows management strategies differing both in cost and efficacy to be compared. The cost-effectiveness of health care programmes targeting different disease states may also be compared using cost-utility analysis, in which health benefits are translated into a common utility-based unit of outcome, such as the Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY). Cost-benefit analysis attempts to quantify health outcomes in monetary terms, so that the net result provides an assessment of value-for-money of health interventions.Gastrointestinal disorders are amongst the commonest of complaints, and considerable health care resources are consumed in treatment. Issues of cost-effectiveness are likely to assume increasing importance in gastroenterology because of the ever expanding range of drug choice, the increasing number of high cost treatments and the development of new therapeutic interventions.

Electronic Resource

1365-2036

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The high prevalence and chronic nature of peptic ulcer disease have traditionally resulted in a major economic burden on health care systems. In 1991, for example, peptic ulcer disease was estimated to account for over one-third of all National Health Service expenditure on gastrointestinal diseases. It is now well established that elimination of Helicobacter pylori can lead to a dramatic reduction in gastroduodenal ulcer relapse, with obvious clinical benefits. This review considers the economic implications of the use of H. pylori eradication therapy in peptic ulcer disease.

Electronic Resource

1365-2036

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Aim: To define prescribing patterns for symptomatic dyspeptic patients in a cross-section of general practitioners in Leeds, United Kingdom. Methods: Nine general practitioners from a range of practices took part in a prospective observational study of prescribing patterns for dyspepsia. All consultations with symptomatic dyspeptic patients were recorded over a 4-month period. Symptoms were recorded as ulcer-like, reflux-like, or nonspecific, and details of recent therapy, previous investigations and any prescription issued were noted. Results: 257 consecutive consultations were recorded (new patients 23%, consulted before but not investigated 33%, previously investigated 44%). 93% of consultations resulted in a prescription (antacids 24%, prokinetic/motility agent 8%, H2-receptor antagonist 36%, proton pump inhibitor 24%, Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy 8%). 42.5% of new patients received an acid-suppressing drug as first-line therapy, of which only 32% had tried over-the-counter remedies. Symptom-type (ulcer-like, reflux-like or nonspecific) significantly influenced choice of empiric therapy (P〈0.001), though prescribing was still variable. Although around 60% of patients with previously negative investigations or only minor disease received acid-suppressing drugs, such patients were six times more likely to receive ‘less potent’ treatments (no prescription, antacid or motility agent) than those with known acid-peptic disease (odds ratio 6.23, P〈0.01). Only 30% of patients with previously documented peptic ulcer received H. pylori eradication therapy, yet patients with a wide range of other diagnoses received this form of treatment. Conclusions: Management guidelines may help to promote a more consistent and selective use of newer treatments, and promote more cost-effective patient care.

Electronic Resource

0166-0462

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Geography

Sociology

Economics

Electronic Resource

0378-1119

Polycomb-group genes ; Transcription factors ; gene duplication ; nucleotide sequence analysis ; trans-regulators

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Electronic Resource

0007-1269

Psychology