Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:M. Coyne)

2011-03-29

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/*genetics/*metabolism ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Transcription Factors/genetics

1752-1688

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying

Geography

: Agricultural practices such as cattle grazing and animal manure application can contribute to relatively high runoff concentrations of fecal coliform (FC) and fecal streptococcus (FS). Available information, however, is inconsistent with respect to the effects of such practices as well as to measures that can discriminate among candidate sources of FC and FS. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of grazing, time of year, and runoff amounts on FC and FS concentrations and to evaluate whether FCIFS concentration ratios are consistent with earlier values reported as characteristic of animal sources. Runoff from four Northwest Arkansas fields was sampled and analyzed for fecal coliform (FC) and fecal streptococcus (FS) for nearly three years (1991–1994). Each field was grazed and fertilized, with two fields receiving inorganic fertilizer and two receiving animal manure. Runoff amount had no effect on runoff concentrations of FC or FS. There were no consistent relationships between the presence of cattle and FC and FS runoff concentrations. Both FC and FS concentrations were affected by the season during which the runoff occurred. Higher concentrations were observed during warmer months. Runoff FC concentrations exceeded the primary contact standard of 200 cfu/100 mL during at least 89 percent of all runoff events and the secondary contact standard of 1000 cfu/100 mL during at least 70 percent of the events. Ratios of FC to FS concentrations varied widely (from near zero to more than 100), confirming earlier findings that FC/FS ratios are not a reliable indicator of the source of FC and FS.

Electronic Resource

1573-7675

relational database ; mass assignments ; fuzzy sets ; uncertainty

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Computer Science

Abstract This paper describes a database framework which is similar to a relational database in style but uses alternative knowledge structures to represent uncertain data. Two knowledge structures are used, the mass assignment to represent probabilistic information and fuzzy sets to hold subjective information. We describe how the query is modified such that the selection criteria is held in the form of specific knowledge which can be updated with the more general knowledge held in the database. The updating procedure has the effect of filling in uncertain or missing information such that a final solution can be found. The operations required to perform a query are generated automatically, optimisation is performed as the operations are determined. The output from the database is in the form of a distribution over a projection of the database domain space. An example is given where a database of sea vessels can be given uncertain or noisy evidence about the characteristics of a vessel and a distribution of the likelihood of each of the vessels can be determined from the evidence.

Electronic Resource

1573-2568

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Chenodeoxycholic acid, by reducing the concentration of biliary cholesterol relative to that of bile acid and phospholipid, dissolves cholesterol gallstones. This bile acid, however, has potential dose-related hepatotoxicity and causes dose-related diarrhea. Therefore, the feasibility of low-dose and intermittent therapy was assessed by studying the induction and persistence of chenodeoxycholic acid-induced biliary lipid changes. Biliary lipid composition with each of 3 doses of chenodeoxycholic acid was determined in bile samples obtained by cholecystokinin-stimulated duodenal drainage before, after one week and one month of treatment, and up to 9 weeks after discontinuation of treatment. The lowest dose that significantly reduced the relative concentration of biliary cholesterol was 250 mg/day. A significant reduction occurred one week after initiation of treatment and was maintained for 9 weeks follwing discontinuation of treatment. Thus, clinical trials of low-dose and intermittent chenodeoxycholic acid therapy for gallstone prophylaxis or dissolution are warranted.

Electronic Resource

1573-2568

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Biliary cholesterol saturation has been correlated with disease variables that might effect bile acid loss in ileitis patients with (N=9) or without (N=8) intestinal resection having a defined prevalence of gallstones. In addition, cholesterol saturation was determined in ulcerative colitis patients (N=7) and gallstone patients (N=18) as well as in 5 normal controls. Biliary cholestrol saturation in ileitis patients both with and without resection was similar to that in gallstone patients yet the prevalence of gallstones was only 12%. Cholesterol saturation did not correlate with ileal resection nor the extent, duration, or activity of ileitis. Biliary cholesterol saturation was not different in ulcerative colitis patients from that in normal subjects. It is concluded that cholesterol saturation of bile alone does not account for the high prevalence of cholesterol gallstones that has been reported in ileitis patients.

Electronic Resource