Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:M. Coleman)

2018-01-16

American Heart Association (AHA)

1524-4539

Medicine

Diet and Nutrition, Epidemiology, Hypertension

2012-06-09

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Apoptosis ; Armadillo Domain Proteins/analysis/*genetics/*physiology ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Axotomy ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/analysis/*genetics/*physiology ; Denervation ; Drosophila/embryology/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/analysis/*genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neurons/*physiology ; Sciatic Nerve/injuries/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Superior Cervical Ganglion/cytology ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; *Wallerian Degeneration

2018-01-10

Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP)

1748-0221

Physics

2018-06-14

The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

0022-538X

1098-5514

Medicine

2018-04-14

American Physical Society (APS)

1098-0121

1095-3795

Physics

Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects

2018-11-09

American Society of Hematology (ASH)

0006-4971

1528-0020

Biology

Medicine

Lymphoid Neoplasia, Clinical Trials and Observations

1089-7674

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The formation and maintenance of an electrostatic potential well by injecting electrons into a quasispherical cusped magnetic confinement geometry is studied experimentally, as a function of plasma fill density and of the energy and current of the injected electrons. A model is developed to analyze the experiment. It is found that the potential is comparable to the energy of the injected electrons at low density, and decreases as an increasing density of cold plasma fills the device because of ionization or wall bombardment. Implications for fusion based on electrostatic/magnetic confinement are discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1365-2230

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

We describe a case of pemphigus foliaceus complicated by dapsone-induced motor peripheral neuropathy. This idiosyncratic dapsone side-effect, which is rare other than in leprosy patients, was noteworthy for both its rapid onset, occurring within a month of commencing treatment, and its profound and prolonged nature.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The electrostatic potential profile in the accelerating gap in a plasma-prefilled magnetically insulated intense pulsed ion beam diode has been determined using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Results for a 300–400 kV planar diode are presented, both with and without an electron emitting vane protruding from the cathode. In both cases, a 5–6 mm accelerating gap forms in the 1012–1013/cm3 plasma in a few nanoseconds. The experimental potential profiles are not consistent with electrons confined to a sheath near the cathode. Rather, electrons are required throughout the gap to explain the observations.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

We have measured the distributions of ion transverse velocities in the acceleration gap of a magnetically insulated ion diode. The measurement is based on observing the spectral profile of the Doppler-broadened spontaneous line emission from accelerating ions. The velocity distributions of C++ and Al++ ions were peaked at zero transverse velocity and symmetric with respect to the directions parallel and antiparallel to the magnetic-field lines. The mean transverse velocities for both of the ion species corresponded to energies of about 200 eV in experiments with a gap potential difference of 260–330 kV. The divergence angles observed for both of the ion species are significantly smaller than previously observed for protons outside the diode.

Electronic Resource

1749-6632

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

1365-2044

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1365-2044

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1365-2621

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

A simple model system has been developed which mimics the formation of the principal nitrosamine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, in grilled or fried bacon. The yield of the nitrosamine in the model system may be estimated by a simple GC method. This has permitted the rapid screening of a variety of compounds which may influence nitrosamine in bacon. The antioxidant ethoxyquin inhibits nitrosamine formation in the model system.

Electronic Resource

1365-3091

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Geosciences

Septarian concretions occur at several horizons within the Oxford Clay Formation, a marine mudstone containing pristine aragonite and immature biomarker molecules. They record the passage of at least four generations of pore fluids, the first of marine origin and the last still present in cavities. Concretion bodies formed, cracked, and calcite and pyrite precipitated in and around the cracks within the sulphate reduction zone, as demonstrated by C, O, S and Sr isotopic composition (Pore fluid 1). Before major compaction, sandstone dykes were intruded locally, and baryte precipitated, followed by coarse calcite cements with isotopically light oxygen and radiogenic strontium, indicating the introduction of meteoric-derived water (Pore fluid 2). Later, coarse celestine within concretions has distinct sulphur-isotopic composition and requires a further, geographically restricted, water source (Pore fluid 3). Celestine-bearing concretions contain water in tight cavities whose isotopic composition is close to that of modern precipitation. Its chemistry shows that it is equilibrating with pre-existing minerals implying a relatively recent origin (Pore fluid 4). The mineralogy of the Oxford Clay concretions shows that complex results can follow from a simple burial and uplift history, and that multiple generations of pore fluids can pass through a low-permeability clay.

Electronic Resource

1365-3091

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Geosciences

The calcite fossils of the Derbyhaven Beds, Isle of Man, have δ13C values (+ 1·8 PDB) similar to modern, shallow-water marine skeletons, but the δ18O values (−6·1 PDB) are much lighter than modern skeletons. The light oxygen values indicate either re-equilibration with isotopically light water before cementation started, or Carboniferous sea water with δ18O of −6‰. Aragonite dissolution was followed by precipitation of zoned calcite cement. In this cement, up to six intracrystalline zones, recognized in stained thin sections, show isotopic variation. Carbon varies from + 3-8 to + 1-2‰. and oxygen from − 2-6 to − 12-4‰. with decreasing age of the cement. This trend is attributed to increasing temperature and to isotopic evolution of the pore waters during burial. The zoned calcite is sequentially followed by dolomite and kaolinite cements which continue the trend towards light isotopic values. This trend is continued with younger, fault-controlled dolomite, and is terminated by vein-filling calcite and dolomite. The younger calcite, interpreted as a near-surface precipitate from meteoric waters, is unrelated to the older sequence of carbonates and has distinctly different carbon isotope ratios: δ13C − 6-8‰.

Electronic Resource

1365-3091

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Geosciences

Many ancient early diagenetic siderite concretions are thought to have been precipitated by microbially-mediated reactions, and their trace element chemistry has been used to infer palaeoenvironments of formation (e.g. marine versus freshwater). In this study, pure cultures of the microorganism Geobacter metallireducens were used to precipitate siderite in the laboratory at a range of temperatures (18–40°C). Magnesium and calcium, in three different ratios (3:1, as in seawater, 1:1, and 1:3 as in freshwater), or manganese were added to some cultures at each incubation temperature to study trace element incorporation. The siderite produced exhibited the rhombohedral crystal form typical of concretionary siderite. However, this microbial siderite did not simply retain the trace element chemistry of the water from which it precipitated, as is assumed in palaeoenvironmental interpretations. Instead, manganese and calcium incorporation were found to be inversely proportional to the rate of microbial activity, which itself is dependent upon the nutritional status of the microorganisms. Magnesium incorporation was found to be rate-independent, and at high Mg/Ca ratios, it caused inhibition of calcium incorporation. In short, the influence of microorganisms on the trace element composition of early diagenetic siderite must be taken into account in order to produce valid palaeoenvironmental interpretations.

Electronic Resource

1365-3091

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Geosciences

Concretions cemented mainly by siderite, Mg-calcite and iron monosulphide are common in late Holocene marsh and sandflat sediments on parts of the north Norfolk coast. Field experiments have shown that the concretions are actively forming in reduced sediments in which sulphate-reducing bacteria are active. δ13C values ranging from −3 to −11·8% (mean −5·9%0) suggest that the carbonate in the concretions is derived partly from marine sources and partly from microbial degradation of organic matter. δ18O values ranged from −6·4% to + 0·8% (mean −1·0%) suggesting that carbonate precipitated in porewaters ranging from pure sea water to-sea water diluted with meteoric water. Chemical analysis of porewaters showed no evidence of significant sulphate depletion at the depth of concretion formation. Some concretions have formed around fragments of wood or metal, but others contain no apparent nucleus. In field experiments siderite, FeS and Mg-calcite were precipitated around several different nuclei within a period of six months. We suggest that siderite may form wherever the rate of iron reduction exceeds the rate of sulphate reduction, such that insufficient dissolved sulphide is available to precipitate all the available dissolved ferrous iron.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Biodegradable films were prepared from rice bran, and their water vapor and oxygen permeabilities, mechanical properties and solubilities were studied. No differences in apparent water vapor permeability (WVPapp) were observed between rice bran films cast at pH 9.5 (RBfilm 9.5) and those cast at pH 3.0 (RBfilm 3.0). Rice bran films had higher WVPapp and oxygen permeability when compared to a polyvinylidene chloride film. RBfilm 3.0 had lower oxygen permeability compared to RBfilm 9.5. Puncture strength, tensile strength, breaking factor, and protein solubility of RBfilm 9.5 were higher than those of RBfilm 3.0. A positive correlation (r = 0.91) was observed between puncture strength and tensile strength of films.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Soy and wheat proteins as film ingredients are advantageous due to relative abundance, biodegradability, and their renewable nature. Research objectives were to evaluate effectiveness of gluten and cysteine addition in improving properties of soy protein-based films. Thickness, mechanical, and barrier properties were evaluated. Gluten addition and pH 3.0 lowered water vapor permeability and thickness. Mechanical properties were enhanced at pH 7.0 with cysteine addition. Cysteine increased tensile strength of some treatments due to increase in disulfide bond formation. Best compromise between barrier and mechanical properties was observed for the cysteine-added soy:gluten (4:1) film at pH 7.0. These films could find application as primary packaging for low moisture foods.

Electronic Resource