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1Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressA. G. Hinch ; A. Tandon ; N. Patterson ; Y. Song ; N. Rohland ; C. D. Palmer ; G. K. Chen ; K. Wang ; S. G. Buxbaum ; E. L. Akylbekova ; M. C. Aldrich ; C. B. Ambrosone ; C. Amos ; E. V. Bandera ; S. I. Berndt ; L. Bernstein ; W. J. Blot ; C. H. Bock ; E. Boerwinkle ; Q. Cai ; N. Caporaso ; G. Casey ; L. A. Cupples ; S. L. Deming ; W. R. Diver ; J. Divers ; M. Fornage ; E. M. Gillanders ; J. Glessner ; C. C. Harris ; J. J. Hu ; S. A. Ingles ; W. Isaacs ; E. M. John ; W. H. Kao ; B. Keating ; R. A. Kittles ; L. N. Kolonel ; E. Larkin ; L. Le Marchand ; L. H. McNeill ; R. C. Millikan ; A. Murphy ; S. Musani ; C. Neslund-Dudas ; S. Nyante ; G. J. Papanicolaou ; M. F. Press ; B. M. Psaty ; A. P. Reiner ; S. S. Rich ; J. L. Rodriguez-Gil ; J. I. Rotter ; B. A. Rybicki ; A. G. Schwartz ; L. B. Signorello ; M. Spitz ; S. S. Strom ; M. J. Thun ; M. A. Tucker ; Z. Wang ; J. K. Wiencke ; J. S. Witte ; M. Wrensch ; X. Wu ; Y. Yamamura ; K. A. Zanetti ; W. Zheng ; R. G. Ziegler ; X. Zhu ; S. Redline ; J. N. Hirschhorn ; B. E. Henderson ; H. A. Taylor, Jr. ; A. L. Price ; H. Hakonarson ; S. J. Chanock ; C. A. Haiman ; J. G. Wilson ; D. Reich ; S. R. Myers
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Published 2011Staff ViewPublication Date: 2011-07-22Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Africa, Western/ethnology ; African Americans/*genetics ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crossing Over, Genetic/*genetics ; Europe/ethnology ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; ProbabilityPublished by: -
2Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressStaff View
Publication Date: 2018-01-26Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Print ISSN: 0036-8075Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyGeosciencesComputer ScienceMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: EcologyPublished by: -
3Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressRay, S. C., Baban, B., Tucker, M. A., Seaton, A. J., Chang, K. C., Mannon, E. C., Sun, J., Patel, B., Wilson, K., Musall, J. B., Ocasio, H., Irsik, D., Filosa, J. A., Sullivan, J. C., Marshall, B., Harris, R. A., OConnor, P. M.
The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
Published 2018Staff ViewPublication Date: 2018-05-08Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)Print ISSN: 0022-1767Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606Topics: MedicinePublished by: -
4Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0013-8266Topics: HistoryURL: -
5Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0013-8266Topics: HistoryURL: -
6Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0013-8266Topics: HistoryURL: -
7Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-7357Keywords: 67.40Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: PhysicsNotes: Abstract When an atom is evaporated from or added to a free liquid surface there is a density perturbation of the surface. We have detected this surface spoiling using a4He atomic beam at glancing angles to the surface. With a perfect free liquid surface some of the atoms reflect specularly and some condense. We find that the specular reflection coefficient decreases as the surface is spoiled by another beam of4He atoms. The degree of spoiling as measured by the decrease in reflectivity, is initially proportional to the spoiling beam flux, but at higher fluxes the spoiling saturates. A phenomenological model is developed to describe this behaviour.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
8Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-7357Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: PhysicsNotes: Abstract We have injected R + rotons into superfluid 4 He at low temperatures (0.05K〈T〈0.25K), and measured the attenuation of roton → atom quantum evaporation signals with increasing liquid temperature. The most important cause of this attenuation is the interaction of the rotons with thermal phonons via the R + p → R′ + p′ process. As the liquid temperature is increased, we find that the fastest rotons are attenuated more than the slower rotons. This corresponds to a scattering rate which increases with roton velocity due to the increasing density of final states. We have modelled the attenuation using Landau and Khalatnikov's expression for the interaction between rotons and phonons. This yields the observed behaviour of the roton mean free path as a function of velocity. The mean free paths and lifetimes of the fastest rotons are ≍ two orders of magnitude shorter than those of the slowest rotons observed.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
9Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-7357Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: PhysicsNotes: Abstract Superfluid 4 He is unique in having well-defined excitations (R − rotons) with momentum oppositely directed to their velocity. If a beam of R − rotons can be produced, it could be unambiguously detected by quantum evaporation because the atoms will emerge in the opposite quadrant to that for atoms evaporated by R + rotons and phonons. Previous work shows that a heated metal film which is immersed in superfluid 4 He only creates phonons and R + rotons. A sponge-like heater does appear to produce R − rotons but, because it has a long time constant, it cannot be used in time of flight studies. We have developed a source that produces fast pulses of R − rotons suitable for time of flight measurements. The method uses interactions between R + rotons to create R − rotons, so a transient high density of R + rotons in a small confined volume is needed. The source appears to operate as we expect from a model of the evolution of the R + and R − roton populations.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
10Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-7357Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: PhysicsNotes: Abstract We have measured the energy dependence of roton quantum evaporation. A transiently heated cavity filled with superfluid 4 He generates R+ and R− rotons. The emitted rotons are collimated and arrive at the free liquid surface with a narrow range of incident angles. We detect two beams of evaporated atoms, one due to R+ rotons and the other due to R− rotons. Our numerical simulation of roton and atom trajectories, using an evaporation probability of 1, yields two angular distributions of atom flux which are similar to our experimental results, but do have systematic differences which we attribute to the evaporation probability. The ratio of the observed signal to the computed value at each bolometer position gives the relative roton quantum evaporation probability as a function of roton energy. We find that this probability increases with roton energy, except perhaps for low energy R− rotons. We compare these results with theoretical predictions.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
11Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-7357Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: PhysicsNotes: Abstract The evaporation of superfluid 4 He by rotons is investigated using a recently developed pulsed source of both positive (R + ) and negative (R − ) group velocity rotons. The R + and R − rotons have very different momenta parallel to the free liquid surface and this causes angular dispersion of the two beams of evaporated atoms in the vacuum. On moving a bolometer horizontally through these beams, we find that the maximum flux of atoms from R − rotons occurs at an angle corresponding to an average R − roton energy of ħω/k B ≃ 10.5 K. The signal at this angle is compared with the evaporation signal at the maximum flux caused by R + rotons. These R + rotons have an average energy of ≃ 10.7K. The relative sizes of these two signals enables an estimate to be made of the probability of evaporation by R − rotons relative to that for R + rotons. We find that «P −a »/«P +a » ≃ 4 × 10−3 where the brackets signify averages over the angles and energies allowed by the geometry of the experiment.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
12Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-7357Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: PhysicsNotes: Abstract An almost monochromatic spectrum of high frequency (ħω/k B ∼ 10 K) phonons in superfluid 4 He is created by a short (∼ 0.1μs) pulse of Joule-heating in a metal film submerged in the liquid at saturated vapour pressure (svp). These phonons have lifetimes that tend to infinity as T → 0, and are the ones effective in quantum evaporation experiments. Most of these high frequency (hf) phonons are not injected into the liquid 4 He across the metal—liquid interface, but are created in the liquid by energy-increasing interactions which begin with the injected phonons of much lower energy (ħω/k B ∼ 1 K). These hf phonons are created up to ∼ 5 millimetres in front of the heater, hence the time of flight from a heater to a detector only gives an approximate value (lower bound) of their energies. Here we present measurements at svp of phonon energy fluxes in liquid 4 He at various distances from a pulse-heated metal film. Analysis of these signals gives an improved determination of the hf phonon spectrum (peaked at 10.20 ± 0.05 K with HWHM ≃ 0.2 K on the high energy side).Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
13Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-7357Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: PhysicsNotes: Abstract The reflection of incident4He atoms from the surface of liquid4He can yield information on the microscopic features of the liquid at the surface. Edwards et al. have measured this reflectivity and have developed a theoretical model which successfully described the measurements. However, the density profile of the liquid4He surface has recently been determined experimentally, and this can now be used to model the reflectivity without any freely adjustable parameters. We use this density profile and the experimentally-determined interatomic pair potential to derive an effective potential for the incoming atom, and then solve the single-particle Schroedinger equation to find the reflectivity as a function of wavevector perpendicular to the surface. Within the uncertainty in the density profile and interatomic potential, we have chosen values that give good agreement between the measured and calculated reflectivities.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
14Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-2576Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract Trypsin, when added to a bioassay for tumoricidal macrophages, produced killing of tumor cells. Trypsin cleaved fetal calf serum proteins to produce a protein fragment that activated macrophages to lyse tumor cells. Diisopropyl fluorophosphate-inhibited trypsin did not produce tumoricidal macrophages either by direct action on the macrophage or by action on serum proteins. The macrophage activation factors produced from serum proteins were fractionated into molecular weight ranges of 150,000, 68,000, and 30,000-5000. The effects of neutral proteinases and proteinase inhibitors on the ability of macrophages to lyse tumor cells is discussed.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: